DONNÉES BIOLOGIQUES D’UN BIOTYPE DU PUCERON DU POIS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bournoville
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid

AbstractA biotype of the pea aphid was characterized. Two host plants were used: broad bean and pea. It was found that the weight during the development, the survival of adults and their fecundity were better on broad bean as compared to pea.

Effect of Host-plant on the Resistance of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) to Insecticides

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Potter ◽  
E. M. Gillham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
The Difference

SummaryBy means of a laboratory spraying technique, ten comparisons were made of the resistance to rotenone of samples of adult apterous viviparous parthenogenetic females of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), reared on broad bean and on clover, respectively. In nine of the tests, the Aphids from clover were more resistant than those from broad bean, the ratios ranging from 1·1 to 2·5. These differences were not all significant. In the remaining test the Aphids. from broan bean showed a very small increase in resistance over the Aphids from clover which was not significant.The Aphids from the clover were generally smaller than those from broad bean. Figures are given to show that while the total amount of poison retained by the larger individuals from broad bean was more than that retained by the smaller individuals from clover, the amount of poison retained per unit body weight was greater with the smaller individuals. It appears, therefore, that while the results obtained might be due, at least partially, to the greater total weight of poison retained by the larger individuals from broad bean, the difference in resistance between the insects from broad bean and clover, respectively, might be even greater if the poison were applied on the basis of equal weight of poison per unit of body weight. Since the difference in resistance between the Aphids from the two host-plants did not appear to depend primarily on difference in size, the assumption might be made that it is due to difference in nutrition. It was found that Aphids reared on clover had a significantly higher proportion of dry matter in their composition than those reared on broad bean, which may be taken as evidence that differences due to nutrition are being produced. These may lead to differences in resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of alfalfa resistance to the pea aphid, Acyrtosiphon pisum [Homoptera : Aphididae] – Methodological aspects to improve a standardized speedling test

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Girousse ◽  
R. Bournoville ◽  
I. Badenhausser
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Cotyledon Stage ◽  
Methodological Aspects

This study proposes a guide for the design of experiments to test alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for resistance to pea aphid infestation (Acyrthosiphon pisum). This test was conducted in controlled conditions on alfalfa seedlings. For the infestation, aphid population maintained on alfalfa was found to be more efficient than an aphid population reared on broad bean. When comparing alfalfa cultivars, a non-choice test gave the same results as a choice test, that was more difficult to perform. When infesting a unit of 54 seedlings at the cotyledon stage on the 1st and 5th day of the experiment, 360 mg compared with 180 mg and 540 mg aphids, led to the best compromise between levels of infestation and aphid stock culture availability. Infestation was stopped when more than 60% of susceptible cultivar seedlings were wilted or dead. Under these conditions, we calculated the number of replicates necessary to obtain a fixed level of difference. Six units per cultivar would distinguish between cultivars differing from 20% in their seedling mortality.

Note on Fecundity of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Caged on Plants of Broad Bean, Vicia faba L., Treated with Various Plant Growth Regulators

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Insect Populations

The effect on insect populations of the widespread use of plant growth regulators and herbicides is a neglected field. Fox (1948) reported on a relationship between the use of 2,4-D and wireworm damage to wheat. Putnam (1949) suggested that 2,4-D could be an environmental factor in the ecology of grasshoppers. A recent report (Maxwell and Harwood, 1958) indicates that even slight dosages of 2,4-D increase the rate of reproduction of pea aphids on broad beans. This note is a preliminary report on similar investigations with the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and broad bean, Vicia faba L.

scholarly journals Effects of Endosymbiont Disruption on the Nutritional Dynamics of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Lv ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wen Sang ◽  
Chang-Zhong Liu ◽  
Bao-Li Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Aphid Host

Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a worldwide pest that feeds exclusively on the phloem sap of numerous host plants. It harbours a well-known primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola that helps to overcome the nutritional deficiency of a plant-based diet. However, how the Buchnera contributes to the nutritional and energy metabolism of its aphid host is unclear to date. In the current study, the function of Buchnera in relation to nutritional synthesis of pea aphid was investigated by disrupting the primary endosymbiont with an antibiotic rifampicin. Our findings revealed that the disruption of Buchnera led to infertility and higher loss in body mass of aphid hosts. Body length and width were also decreased significantly compared to healthy aphids. The detection of nutrition indicated that the quantity of proteins, soluble sugars, and glycogen in aposymbiotic pea aphids increased slowly with the growth of the aphid host. In comparison, the quantities of all the nutritional factors were significantly lower than those of symbiotic pea aphids, while the quantity of total lipid and neutral fat in aposymbiotic pea aphids were distinctly higher than those of symbiotic ones. Thus, we concluded that the significant reduction of the total amount of proteins, soluble sugars, and glycogen and the significant increase of neutral fats in aposymbiotic pea aphids were due to the disruption of Buchnera, which confirmed that the function of Buchnera is irreplaceable in the pea aphid.

Distinction de biotypes dans des populations du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), de l'Amérique du Nord

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques L. Auclair ◽  
P. N. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The United States ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Virginoparae of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) collected from three different localities in the Province of Québec, Canada (Sainte-Thérèse de Blainville, Saint-Jean, and Ile aux Coudres), and two in the United States (states of Kansas and New Mexico) were reared on two normally susceptible host plants: e.g. the broad bean, Viciafaba L., variety Windsor, and the pea, Pisum sativum L., variety Lincoln. Results from growth curves suggest that the former three clones represent one or several biotypes different from the latter two, and results from mortality and rate of reproduction indicate that the clones from Saint-Jean and Sainte-Thérèse are two different biotypes. High mortality on peas indicates further that the clone from Ile aux Coudres is a biotype different from the others, whereas the clones from New Mexico and Kansas may represent only one biotype.

scholarly journals Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20150977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa H. C. McLean ◽  
H. Charles J. Godfray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa

Many insects harbour facultative symbiotic bacteria, some of which have been shown to provide resistance against natural enemies. One of the best-known protective symbionts is Hamiltonella defensa , which in pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) confers resistance against attack by parasitoid wasps in the genus Aphidius (Braconidae). We asked (i) whether this symbiont also confers protection against a phylogenetically distant group of parasitoids (Aphelinidae) and (ii) whether there are consistent differences in the effects of bacteria found in pea aphid biotypes adapted to different host plants. We found that some H. defensa strains do provide protection against an aphelinid parasitoid Aphelinus abdominalis. Hamiltonella defensa from the Lotus biotype provided high resistance to A. abdominalis and moderate to low resistance to Aphidius ervi , while the reverse was seen from Medicago biotype isolates. Aphids from Ononis showed no evidence of symbiont-mediated protection against either wasp species and were relatively vulnerable to both. Our results may reflect the different selection pressures exerted by the parasitoid community on aphids feeding on different host plants, and could help explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in bacterial symbionts.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AMITROLE, ZYTRON AND OTHER HERBICIDES OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS), CAGED ON BROAD BEAN, VICIA FABA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Thirty herbicides or plant growth regulators were tested against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on broad bean, Vicia faba L. When amitrole at 300, 200 and 100 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, fecundity of the adults was reduced and mortality of their progeny was 100, 100 and 93.9 per cent respectively. No significant effects on fecundity occurred when amitrole was applied to the leaves or as a contact spray on adult aphids. When Zytron at 3,000, 2,000 and 1,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, mortality of adults was 100, 100 and 95 per cent and of their progeny 100, 100 and 98.6 per cent respectively. When Zytron was applied to the leaves at 8,000, 4,000 and 2,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water there was a mortality of adults of 85, 70 and 50 per cent and of nymphs 75.1, 45.4 and 29.9 per cent. The lower mortality of nymphs occurred over a 5-day period, indicating that the initial toxic effects from application to the leaves were soon lost. Mortality of nymphs refers to young aphids born alive and killed by the toxic effects of amitrole or Zytron. Twenty-seven of the chemicals showed no effects on aphids caged on treated plants.

Influence de l'effet de groupe et de la qualité de la plante-hôte sur le cycle évolutif de quatre biotypes du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Auclair ◽  
Regine Aroga
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Virus Dissemination ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Plante Hôte

The influence of aphid population density and excised leaves of broadbean, Vicia faba L., was evaluated on four biotypes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); two of these originated from Quebec (J and C) and two from Europe (Lg and Lp). Results indicated that growth of the biotypes feeding singly on excised leaves was reduced compared with that obtained on broadbean plants. Furthermore, excised leaves induced wing formation in the progeny, which occurred in varying proportions, Lg producing the most alatae and C the least. When two young females were placed together on excised leaves for 20 h, the production of alatae in the progeny increased significantly in three biotypes; 95% in Lg, 47% in Lp, and 64% in C. When 10 females were similarly treated, no significant increase in alatae production was observed, except in J where it increased from 18 to 35%. The increased tendency by biotypes C, Lp, and especially Lg to produce more alates indicates a higher migratory potential, favouring multiple infestations of favorable host-plant areas, as well as a greater probability for plant virus dissemination. Clone J, on the other hand, appears more resilient and sedentary and capable of greater localized infestations of host plants.

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