scholarly journals Evaluation of alfalfa resistance to the pea aphid, Acyrtosiphon pisum [Homoptera : Aphididae] – Methodological aspects to improve a standardized speedling test

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Girousse ◽  
R. Bournoville ◽  
I. Badenhausser
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Cotyledon Stage ◽  
Methodological Aspects

This study proposes a guide for the design of experiments to test alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for resistance to pea aphid infestation (Acyrthosiphon pisum). This test was conducted in controlled conditions on alfalfa seedlings. For the infestation, aphid population maintained on alfalfa was found to be more efficient than an aphid population reared on broad bean. When comparing alfalfa cultivars, a non-choice test gave the same results as a choice test, that was more difficult to perform. When infesting a unit of 54 seedlings at the cotyledon stage on the 1st and 5th day of the experiment, 360 mg compared with 180 mg and 540 mg aphids, led to the best compromise between levels of infestation and aphid stock culture availability. Infestation was stopped when more than 60% of susceptible cultivar seedlings were wilted or dead. Under these conditions, we calculated the number of replicates necessary to obtain a fixed level of difference. Six units per cultivar would distinguish between cultivars differing from 20% in their seedling mortality.

Seedling resistance to pea aphid of lucerne, annual medic and clover species in Victoria

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Ridland ◽  
GN Berg
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
High Level

Twenty-two lines of lucerne, six of annual Medicago spp., seven of Trifolium subterraneum, six of T. repens and six of several other Trifolium spp. were tested for seedling resistance to pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in glasshouse tests at Burnley, Victoria. In general, lucerne cultivars selected for resistance to North American biotypes of the aphid were resistant to the Victorian aphid population. However, in our tests, two cultivars (Matador and Pioneer Brand 545) that were classed as susceptible to pea aphid in the USA. were as resistant as WL 31 8, a cultivar selected in the U.SA. for resistance to pea aphid. Medicago truncatula cvv. Borung and Cyprus were highly susceptible to pea aphid. They were more severely damaged than M. sativa cv. Hunter River, which was the most susceptible of the lucerne cultivars tested. M. rugosa cv. Paragosa had a high level of resistance while M. truncatula cvv. Hannaford and Jemalong, and M. littoralis cv. Harbinger were stunted but had only a low level of seedling mortality. Of the seven cultivars of T. subterraneum tested, only cv. Clare had a high level of aphid resistance, and all lines of T. repens were susceptible. The lines of T. fragiferum, T. incarnatum and T. pratense were more resistant than the susceptible check, T. subterraneum cv. Daliak, and should at least be tolerant in the field.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics and Yield Loss Assessment for Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Lentil in Morocco

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Karim El Fakhouri ◽  
Abdelhadi Sabraoui ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Mustapha El Bouhssini
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is the major insect pest of lentil in Morocco. We investigated pea aphid mean numbers and yield losses on three lentil varieties at one location during three successive cropping seasons during 2015–2018. The effects of several weather factors on pea aphid population dynamics were investigated. Population density increased in early spring followed by several peaks during March–April and then steeply declined during the late spring. Aphid populations peaked at different times during the three years of the study. In 2016, higher populations occurred during the second and third weeks of April for Abda and Zaria varieties with averages of 27 and 28 aphids/20 twigs, respectively. In 2017, higher populations occurred on the 12th and 13th standard meteorological weeks (SMWs) for Zaria with averages of 24.7 and 27.03 aphids/20 twigs, respectively. In 2018, the population peaked for all varieties at three different times, 11th, 13th, and 17th SMW, with the highest for Zaria being 26.00, 47.41, and 32.33 aphids/20 twigs. Pea aphid population dynamics changed with weather conditions. The number of aphids significantly and positively correlated with maximum temperature, but significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed. The minimum temperature and rainfall had non-significant correlations. Pea aphid infestation resulted in losses of total seed weight for all lentil varieties, with the highest avoidable losses for Bakria being 12.51% followed by Zaria with 7.72% and Abda with 4.56%. These losses may justify the development of integrated management options for control of this pest.

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS IN MANITOBA AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEA GROWTH AND YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Soroka ◽  
P.A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Yield Responses

AbstractPopulations of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled through the summer of 1984 on five cultivars and in 1985 and 1986 on six cultivars of field peas, Pisum sativum L., grown in field plots in southern Manitoba. Patterns of pea aphid population growth were generally similar among cultivars in any one year. Aphid populations on all cultivars in all years remained relatively low until mid-July, then increased rapidly, peaked at about the beginning of August, and declined sharply to low levels in late August. At the time of peak aphid numbers, significant differences in aphid population densities were found among cultivars in 2 years; the lowest densities were found on the cultivars Century and Tipu, and the highest densities on Triumph or Trapper. Pea aphid feeding was not detrimental to any yield parameters except 1000 seed weight. In 1984 Triumph and Tara, and in 1985 Triumph had significantly decreased 1000 seed weights in plots in which aphid densities were not controlled. Differences in the abundance of the aphid among cultivars were not reflected in their yield responses. Over 3 years the regression line of aphid densities upon Century seed weight was significantly steeper than those of Trapper, Lenca, or Tara. Trapper was least affected by aphid feeding. Results indicated that the economic threshold of pea aphids on peas other than Century needs to be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20201493
Author(s):  
Gaurav Pandharikar ◽  
Jean-Luc Gatti ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
Pierre Frendo ◽  
Marylène Poirié
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum , a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is therefore worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one ( Hamiltonella defensa , Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica ) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated, NI). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 ( PR1 ) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI) , respective markers for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.

Similarities between the effects of aphid infestation and cytokinin application on dark respiration and plant growth of legumes

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1896-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. B. Hawkins ◽  
M. I. Whitecross ◽  
M. J. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Infested Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Substances

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Caloona), broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aquadulce), and garden pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Victory Freezer) seedlings were infested with cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) or pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), both Homoptera: Aphididae, for 10 days and then infested host plant tissue was examined for foreign substances injected by the aphids. No foreign compound was detected in any of the aphid-infested plant tissues. Both aphid species were also assayed for plant growth substances, utilizing the epinastic response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Roma Teardrop) seedlings, and both aphid species contained plant growth substances in concentrations higher than plant physiological concentrations. Broad bean and pea seedlings were also treated with foliar and root applications of 6-benzylaminopurine to determine if there were any similarities in plant growth or respiratory responses, following aphid infestation or 6-benzylaminopurine treatment. Root respiration in 6-benzylaminopurine treated plants decreased while shoot respiration increased in a response analogous to that observed for aphid-infested tissue. However, the alternative respiratory pathway was engaged for all 6-benzylaminopurine treatments, whereas in aphid-infested plant roots and shoots it was not. Both 6-benzylaminopurine treated and aphid-infested plants displayed a loss of apical dominance. These data suggest that part of the physiological response of the plant to aphid feeding is induced by changes in the cytokinin to auxin ratio.

DONNÉES BIOLOGIQUES D’UN BIOTYPE DU PUCERON DU POIS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bournoville
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid

AbstractA biotype of the pea aphid was characterized. Two host plants were used: broad bean and pea. It was found that the weight during the development, the survival of adults and their fecundity were better on broad bean as compared to pea.

scholarly journals Aphids Facing Their Parasitoids: A First Look at How Chemical Signals May Make Higher Densities of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Less Attractive to the Parasitoid Aphidius ervi

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Mohannad Ismail ◽  
Penelope Zanolli ◽  
Frédéric Muratori ◽  
Thierry Hance
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Infestation Density ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Impact

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles constitute the first indicators of insect host presence, and these can affect the foraging behavior of their natural enemies. The density of insect hosts may affect the nature and concentration of these plant-induced volatiles. We tested the impact of infestation density (low, intermediate, and high) of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), feeding on the broad bean Vicia faba, on the attractiveness of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), using a Y-tube olfactometer (infested vs. non-infested plants). The emitted volatile compounds from both infested and non-infested plants were collected and identified. In addition, two series of experiments were carried out to test the impact of the presence of a conspecific female parasitoid within the aphid/plant complex on the attractiveness to other females. Parasitoids were significantly more attracted to the plants with low and intermediate aphid infestation levels. The volatile blend composition of the infested plants changed in relation to aphid density and may explain the low attraction of parasitoids toward high aphid density. The presence of conspecific females on the aphid patch had no apparent impact on the behavioral choices of other parasitoid females. Our study adds a new aspect to understanding plant–aphid–parasitoid interactions, including the possibility that aphids may manipulate chemical cues of host plants affecting the orientation of parasitoids.

Note on Fecundity of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Caged on Plants of Broad Bean, Vicia faba L., Treated with Various Plant Growth Regulators

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Insect Populations

The effect on insect populations of the widespread use of plant growth regulators and herbicides is a neglected field. Fox (1948) reported on a relationship between the use of 2,4-D and wireworm damage to wheat. Putnam (1949) suggested that 2,4-D could be an environmental factor in the ecology of grasshoppers. A recent report (Maxwell and Harwood, 1958) indicates that even slight dosages of 2,4-D increase the rate of reproduction of pea aphids on broad beans. This note is a preliminary report on similar investigations with the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and broad bean, Vicia faba L.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AMITROLE, ZYTRON AND OTHER HERBICIDES OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS), CAGED ON BROAD BEAN, VICIA FABA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Thirty herbicides or plant growth regulators were tested against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on broad bean, Vicia faba L. When amitrole at 300, 200 and 100 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, fecundity of the adults was reduced and mortality of their progeny was 100, 100 and 93.9 per cent respectively. No significant effects on fecundity occurred when amitrole was applied to the leaves or as a contact spray on adult aphids. When Zytron at 3,000, 2,000 and 1,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, mortality of adults was 100, 100 and 95 per cent and of their progeny 100, 100 and 98.6 per cent respectively. When Zytron was applied to the leaves at 8,000, 4,000 and 2,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water there was a mortality of adults of 85, 70 and 50 per cent and of nymphs 75.1, 45.4 and 29.9 per cent. The lower mortality of nymphs occurred over a 5-day period, indicating that the initial toxic effects from application to the leaves were soon lost. Mortality of nymphs refers to young aphids born alive and killed by the toxic effects of amitrole or Zytron. Twenty-seven of the chemicals showed no effects on aphids caged on treated plants.

Effect of Maleic Hydrazide and Other Plant Growth Regulators on the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Caged on Broad Bean, Vicia faba L

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In a preliminary report (Robinson, 1959) it was shown that the plant growth regulator maleic hydrazide (MH) caused both nymphal mortality and reduced fecundity to the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), caged on treated broad bean, Vicia faba L. It was also stated that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), applied by root absorption to broad bean had no effect on adult or nymphal mortality, or fecundity of adult A. pisum, at the rates used.

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