SEX ATTRACTANTS FOR TWO SPECIES OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA BIENNIS AND C. VIRIDIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

AbstractField trials were conducted in British Columbia and Oregon in 1972, which demonstrated that trans-11-tetradecenal, a sex attractant for male Choristoneura fumiferana and C. occidentalis, is also a sex attractant for male 2-year-cycle spruce budworm, C. biennis, and that trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate is a sex attractant for male green budworm, C. viridis Free.

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FOREST LEPIDOPTERA ATTRACTED BY KNOWN SEX ATTRACTANTS OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORMS, CHORISTONEURA SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent109875-6 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 109 (6) ◽

pp. 875-878 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. E. Daterman ◽

R. G. Robbins ◽

T. D. Eichlin ◽

J. Pierce

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Trapping Efficiency ◽

Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽

Western Spruce Budworm ◽

Sex Attractants ◽

Interspecific Attraction ◽

Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽

Forest Lepidoptera ◽

Interpretation Of Results

AbstractField tests of (E)-11-tetradecenal and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, the respective sex attractants for western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and the Modoc budworm, C. viridis Freeman, revealed that these compounds attract several other forest Lepidoptera. The acetate attracted a total of 14 species representing seven families, and the aldehyde accounted for nine species representing four families. This interspecific attraction could influence budworm trapping efficiency and interpretation of results, because of the abundance of other responding species and the fact that two of the species resemble Choristoneura adults in appearance.

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Trap response of cutworm moths (Abagrotis orbis) to a sex-attractant lure in grape vineyards

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n09-063 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 135-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter J. Landolt ◽

D. Thomas Lowery ◽

Lawrence C. Wright ◽

Constance Smithhisler ◽

Christelle Gúedot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sex Attractant ◽

Early Spring ◽

South Central ◽

Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽

Feltia Jaculifera ◽

Multiple Field ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractLarvae of Abagrotis orbis (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are climbing cutworms and can damage grapevines, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), in early spring by consuming expanding buds. A sex attractant would be useful for monitoring this insect in commercial vineyards. (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate were found in extracts of female abdominal tips. In multiple field experiments, male A. orbis were captured in traps baited with a combination of these two chemicals but not in traps baited with either chemical alone. Males were trapped from mid-September to early October in south-central Washington and south-central British Columbia. Other noctuid moths (Mamestra configurata Walker, Xestia c-nigrum (L.), and Feltia jaculifera (Guenée)) were also captured in traps baited with the A. orbis pheromone and may complicate the use of this lure to monitor A. orbis. Abagrotis discoidalis (Grote) was captured in traps baited with (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate but not in traps baited with the two chemicals together.

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Historical and spatial characteristics of spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) outbreaks in northeastern British Columbia

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00748-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 168 (1-3) ◽

pp. 301-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J.S. Burleigh ◽

R.I. Alfaro ◽

J.H. Borden ◽

S. Taylor

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Spatial Characteristics

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ESTIMATING NUMBER OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM EGGS FROM EGG MASS MEASUREMENTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent114643-7 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 114 (7) ◽

pp. 643-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. W. E. Harris ◽

A. F. Dawson

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Extended Period ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Population Trends ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Western Spruce Budworm ◽

Growth Loss ◽

Insect Populations ◽

The Relationship

Western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, periodically attacks Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) in British Columbia, causing mortality, deformity, and growth loss. Insect populations are assessed annually by the Canadian Forestry Service's Forest Insect and Disease Survey, by branch sampling for egg mass densities; predictions of population trends and damage are based on these assessments. Eggs, laid in rows in masses affixed to needles, are a preferred stage to sample because they are easily collected, remain fixed in numbers for an extended period, and precede damage by sufficient time to plan suppression or other programs. Numbers of masses alone, however, may not show population trends accurately as egg numbers per mass varies. Thus it is sometimes necessary to count eggs (Miller 1957), which is a formidable task. Fortunately egg numbers can be estimated from the dimensions of egg masses (Washburn and Brickell 1973). In this study, we determined the relationship between egg numbers and egg mass length and number of rows for samples from Douglas-fir stands frequently affected by spruce budworm throughout British Columbia. Data were collected over 3 years, 1977-79, during which time budworm populations were in a period of decline.

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Second Diapause in Spruce Budworm from Eastern Canada

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent93594-7 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 93 (7) ◽

pp. 594-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

George T. Harvey

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Experimental Analysis ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Low Incidence ◽

One Year ◽

Storage Times ◽

Second Period

In eastern Canada larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), complete their development in one year, undergoing only one period of winter diapause in the second instar, whereas in certain parts of British Columbia, at high altitudes, two years are normally required for development, the larvae spending a second period of winter diapause in the fourth instar (3, 9). Among laboratory-reared eastern budworm there are a few individuals that enter a similar second diapause (7). The low incidence and somewhat irregular occurrence of this second diapause in eastern budworm, even in laboratory rearings, have hitherto made detailed studies almost impossible, but unusual storage times and treatments used recently in rearing experiments had the unexpected effect of increasing the incidence of this tvpe of behaviour to a level where experimental analysis became possible. This paper describes these larvae and their behaviour; an account of the effects of various conditions upon the incidence of second diapause will be presented later.

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RELEASE RATES AND ATTRACTION OF PVC LURES CONTAINING SYNTHETIC SEX ATTRACTANT OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent113103-2 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 103-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

C. J. Sanders

Keyword(s):

Sex Attractant ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Field Trapping ◽

Direct Proportion ◽

Release Rates ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Number Of Males ◽

Over Time

AbstractRelease rates of synthetic attractant of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), from a PVC formulation were determined by weight loss. They varied in direct proportion to the initial concentration of the attractant and also with the size of the pellet. Release rates declined by about 50% over the time intervals of 10–40 days and 40–100 days. Initially they were two to three times lower at 10°C than at 21°C, but were far more constant over time at the lower temperature. A pellet weighing 130 mg containing 42 μg of attractant released an estimated .1–1 μg/day, or 4–40 ng/h, which is close to the rate of emission by a calling female (Silk et al. 1980), and field trapping data showed that a lure this size attracted the same number of males as a calling female.

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STUDIES ON DIPTEROUS PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): V. OMOTOMA FUMIFERANAE (TOT.) (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z57-050 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 581-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. C. Coppel ◽

B. C. Smith

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

North America ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Immature Stages

Omoloma fumiferanae (Tot.), a parasite of a small number of Lepidoptera in North America and the most common of the native tachinid parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) in British Columbia, deposits macrotype eggs on the integument of the host. The time from oviposition (on a host about to pupate) to puparial formation was 8 to 12 days at 23 °C. and a relative humidity of 60%. Approximately 25% of puparia produce adults the same year. The fate of these adults is not known. The remainder of the puparia produce adults the following spring. Among the important characters for identifying the immature stages of O. fumiferanae are the buccopharyngeal apparatus and the anterior and posterior spiracles.

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An individual-based phenology model for western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2013.67 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 146 (3) ◽

pp. 306-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

V.G. Nealis ◽

J. Régnière

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Underlying Structure ◽

Western Canada ◽

Western Spruce Budworm ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Independent Observations ◽

Phenology Model ◽

Flight Phenology

AbstractAn individual-based phenology model for western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was developed using stage-specific rates of development, oviposition, and egg hatch observed under controlled conditions at several temperatures. Model output was compared with age distributions estimated by sampling field populations of budworm at several locations in British Columbia, Canada, over many years. The fit of the model was very good for the entire life cycle of the insect. We further validate the model by comparing output with independent observations of moth flight phenology of C. occidentalis and Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) in populations of Cypress Hills, Canada and illustrate spatial variation in the seasonal occurrence of early-stage feeding western spruce budworm over most of its range in western Canada. In addition to serving as the underlying structure for the modelling of population dynamics at the seasonal level, the model can be used to predict the time of occurrence of different life stages for precise timing of pest management operations.

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LABORATORY EVALUATION OF PHOSALONE FOR CONTROL OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-23.4.374 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 374-378

Author(s):

Jacqueline L. Robertson ◽

Haiganoush K. Preisler

Keyword(s):

Spruce Budworm ◽

Field Trials ◽

Application Rate ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Western Spruce Budworm ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Application Rates ◽

Population Mortality

Phosalone was tested to estimate the optimal time and minimum application rate for 90% population mortality of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, larvae. The optimal time of application was estimated to be during the first 10 days after the first group of second instars emerged from diapause, especially between days 7 and 8. Aerial application rates necessary to bracket 90% mortality were estimated as 320, 640, and 960 g/ha. Because these rates are well below the application rates used for agricultural pests, phosalone is a candidate for field trials on western spruce budworm.

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