BIOLOGY OF ANCYLIS DISCIGERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Claflin ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractAncylis discigerana (Walker) is a univoltine leaf folder of yellow birch. Final instar larvae overwinter in litter and pupate from mid-April through mid-May. Adults emerge in early June and deposit single eggs on the upper surface of a leaf, usually on a major leaf vein or other small depression in the epidermis. The first two instars skeletonize the lower surface of a leaf, beneath a sheet of silk that is constructed between two lateral veins. Third-instar larvae move to the upper surface of a different leaf and fold it lengthwise. Larvae feed on the upper epidermis within the fold until leaf-fall. Life stages are described.An egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, and a larval parasitoid, Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck, were the major natural enemies in the population studied.A key is presented for three species of Ancylis found on yellow birch.

Natural enemies of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in northeast China, with notes on two species of parasitic Coleoptera

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yi Wang ◽  
Liang-Ming Cao ◽  
Zhong-Qi Yang ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Time Of Year

AbstractTo investigate natural enemies of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in northeastern China, we conducted field surveys of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) trees in semi-natural forests and plantations at variable EAB densities from 2008 to 2013. Our surveys revealed a complex of natural enemies including eight hymenopteran parasitoids and two apparently parasitic Coleoptera, woodpeckers, and several undetermined mortality factors. Parasitoid complex abundance and its contribution to EAB mortality varied with the time of year, type of ash stands, and geographic regions. The egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were frequently observed in Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces and in Beijing, but not in Tianjin. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), however, was more prevalent near Beijing and further south in Tianjin. Larvae of two species of apparently parasitic beetle, Tenerus Laporte (Coleoptera: Cleridae) species and Xenoglena quadrisignata Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae), were also recovered attacking overwintering EAB in Liaoning Province, with Tenerus species being a dominant mortality agent (~13%). Our findings support the need to consider the geographic origin of insect natural enemies for EAB biocontrol, as well as an expanded foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout its native range in Asia.

PERAN DAN POTENSI MUSUH ALAMI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HeUcoverpa armigera (HUBNER) PADA KAPAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽  
DWI ADI SUNARTO ◽  
SUJAK SUJAK
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Insect Pathogens ◽  
Development Area ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

<p><strong>The role and potency of natural enemies in controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hubner in cotton</strong></p><p><strong></strong>HeUcoverpa armigera. known as the cotton bollworm, is one of cotton productivity limiting factors. Efforts in controlling this pesl have been directed lo (he use of its natural enemies, viz. parasiloids. predator and insect pathogens in conservation techniques The study was conducted in two activities. The irst activity was the inventory of parasiloids and predators of// armigera. which was conducted from 1986 to 1999 in the cotton development area in Central Java (Rembang, Pati, and Grobogan).  East Java (Situbondo, Banyuwangi, Tuban. and Lanongan), NIB (Menangabaris. Lokopriya, and Sandubaya), and NTF (Maumere, Wailiti. and Larantuka). The second activity was to sludy the potency of dominant parasiloids and predators in cotton, which was conducted in 1999/2000 in the Research Instalaiion for Tobacco and Fibre Crops, Asembagus. The objectives of the study were to evaluate Ihe diversity of natural enemies, particularly parasiloids and predators, and their role in controlling Ihe population of // armigera in cotton. The inventory of parasiloids and predators was conducted to 15 and 21 species, respectively. The predominant parasiloids were Trichogramma-loidea armigera Nagaraja (egg parasitoid) and Eriborus argenteopilosus Camreon (larval parasitoid). The predominant predators were Deraeocoris indianus Carvalho, Campylomma diversicornis Rcuter (Hemiptera Miridae). Paederus fasciatus Curtis (Coleoptera Staphylinidac) and Coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera Coccincllidac). These predators feed on eggs and small larvae of //. armigera. The potency of these parasiloids and predator, as mortality factors of the pesl, was quantitatively studied in insecticide sprayed and unsprayed cotton ields. The egg and larval parasiloids caused mortality of //. armigera eggs and larvae as high as 65% and 21%, respectively. The predators suppressed // armigera population by 82%, so that its population was lower than that of the plots treated with insecticide. These suppressions resulted in a significantly lower damage of cotton fruiting bodies (4.3-8.0% on sprayed plots vs.1.7-3.4% on unsprayed plots) and hence, a signiicantly higher production of seed cotton ( I 838 kg/ha on sprayed plots vs. 2 170 kg/ha on unsprayed plots). Thereore, // armigera population on collon basically could be managed by its natural enemies below its action threshold, when Hie natural enemies were allowed to build up their population.</p>

Immature stages, host plants and natural enemies of Henosepilachna implicata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with DNA sequence data and a new synonym and notes on some Indian species of Epilachnini

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4970 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-546
Author(s):  
J. POORANI ◽  
R. G. BOOTH ◽  
R. GANDHI GRACY ◽  
C. ANURADHA ◽  
R. THANIGAIRAJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
First Time

Life stages of Henosepilachna implicata (Mulsant), an economically important species of Epilachnini in India, are documented and illustrated. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data is provided for the first time for H. implicata with additional details on its host plants, distribution, and natural enemies. Its similarities and differences with other common pestiferous Henosepilachna spp. in India such as H. vigintioctopunctata (F.), H. septima (Dieke) and H. pusillanima (Mulsant) are discussed. Epilachna circularis Korschefsky, 1933 is found to be conspecific with H. implicata and is reduced to a junior synonym of the latter (new synonym). Notes are given on the distribution and natural enemies of some other species of Epilachnini of the Indian region.  

Reared parasitic wasps attacking hesperiids from Western Ghats (Kerala, India) with description of a new species of Dolichogenidea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a larval parasitoid of Thoressa evershedi (Evans) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3413 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANKITA GUPTA ◽  
KALESH. S
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species

Eight species of parasitic wasps were bred from various stages of five species of hesperiids viz. Thoressa evershedi (Evans), Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius), Udaspes folus (Cramer), Borbo cinnara (Wallace) and Caltoris sp. inhabiting Western Ghats, Kerala, India. One new species, Dolichogenidea kunhi Gupta & Kalesh, is described and illustrated from Kerala, India, and its relationship with closely allied species is discussed. This new species was bred from parasitized larvae of Thoressa evershedi (Evans) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Microgastrinae braconid species, Apanteles javensis Rohwer and Cotesia erionotae (Wilkinson) were bred from parasitized larvae of P. mathias and U. folus respectively. Brachymeria habui Özdikmen (Chalcididae) was recorded from pupae of U. folus. Two hyperparasitoids, Eurytoma manilensis Ashmead (Eurytomidae) & Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford) (Eulophidae) were bred from larvae of B. cinnara. Egg parasitoid, Ooencyrtus papilionis Ashmead (Encyrtidae) and pupal parasitoid Brachymeria lasus (Walker) (Chacididae) was recorded from Caltoris sp. Information on the parasitoid distribution, brief diagnosis of each species with a habitus photograph for easy identification, host association, host caterpillars, caterpillar host plants, and taxonomic comments are provided.

3.5 SUPPRESSION OF SPRUCE BUDWORM POPULATIONS BY TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY, 1982–1986

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (S153) ◽  
pp. 56-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Smith ◽  
D.R. Wallace ◽  
G. Howse ◽  
J. Meating
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Release Timing

AbstractThe ability of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, to suppress outbreak populations of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), was studied annually near Hearst, Ont., from 1982 through 1986. Timing of broadcast parasitoid-releases was linked to spruce budworm moth emergence and oviposition. These phenological relationships were predicted from a regression based on larval development at least 2 weeks before expected emergence; this allowed sufficient time to regulate (program) parasitoid emergence during mass-rearing. Emergence of caged spruce budworm adults was used to monitor moth eclosion in the field. Pheromone traps provided daily information on the activity of male moths and helped to synchronize the parasitoid releases with spruce budworm oviposition. Information on parasitoid activity was obtained from sentinel (laboratory-reared) and naturally occurring spruce budworm egg masses. A curvilinear relationship between the rate of parasitoid release and parasitism of sentinel egg masses was developed. Two parasitoid releases, 1 week apart, early in the oviposition period of spruce budworm, significantly increased parasitism of host eggs by 14–83% and reduced larval populations correspondingly from 42 to 82%. Single releases were less effective and increased parasitism by 0.3–52% (single ground release, 1986). Two parasitoid releases, combined with a spring application of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner to larval populations, was the most effective strategy and resulted in 83% egg parasitism and 93% larval reduction. Release rates greater than 12–16 × 106 ♀ ♀ T. minutum per hectare were not warranted based on impact and costs. The effects of release timing, weather, host density, and parasitoid quality on the future successful use of T. minutum are discussed.

scholarly journals Occurrence, development and natural enemies of cecidogenous generations of Pemphigus gairi Stroyan (Sternorrhyncha, Pemphigidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 415-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
True Bugs ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Final Length

The paper deals with the occurrence, development and natural enemies of the cecidogenous aphid Pemphigus gairi Stroyan (Pemphigidae). The aphid abundantly occurred on leaves of Populus nigra and P. nigra var. italica in Brno in 2003. It was described from England and no information on its occurrence is available in literature from continental Europe. It refers to a holocyclic and heteroecious species. In localities under study, larvae of fundatrices hatched mainly in the last decade of April. Through their sucking on the abaxial face of freshly unfolded leaves of poplars, species-unspecific lengthwise tile-like galls originate on the adaxial face of leaves (near the central leaf vein). During 12 to 14 days, fundatrices mature in galls of an average length and width 11.2 and <br />3.9 mm, respectively. Adults live about 1.5 months, namely max. until mid-July. They produce on average 75.6 fundatrigeniae which mature to winged migrantes alatae in the course of 16 days. In the period of hatching the first migrants (at the end of May), galls grow up to the final length of about 11.8 mm and width 4.7 mm. In primary slit-shaped caps on the abaxial face of leaves, migrants leave the galls through emergence holes. In a secondary host (Aethusa cynapium, Daucaceae), they produce on average about <br />17.5 larvae of exules. Owing to natural enemies (above all true bugs of the species Anthocoris minki), aphids die in 90% of galls.

BIOLOGY OF THE MAPLE TRUMPET SKELETONIZER, EPINOTIA ACERIELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN NEW YORK

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred A. Côté ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Life History ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe life history of Epinotia aceriella (Clemens) is discussed and the life stages described. Information is presented on feeding behavior, distribution, hosts, and natural enemies. Control recommendations are made.

3.2 GROUND SYSTEMS FOR RELEASING TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY IN PLANTATION FORESTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (S153) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Smith ◽  
D.R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Ground Systems

AbstractTwo systems for releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, from ground level in forest stands are described: (1) a gridded point-source release using parasitized host eggs attached to cards, and (2) a hand-held leafblower distributing parasitized eggs in bulk. Neither technique affected the emergence of the parasitoids released. Parasitoids emerging from eggs released in bulk had a similar sex ratio, longevity, and fecundity to those not released. Both methods of ground release achieved uniform parasitoid distribution and resulted in levels of parasitism similar to those achieved with aerial releases. Parasitism was greater in the mid- to upper canopy of trees than in the lower canopy. The difficulties associated with each technique and its comparative usefulness in experimental and operational programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Miticides against citrus red mites (Panonychus citri)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
P.S. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Citrus Red Mite

Citrus red mite (CRM) Panonychus citri is only a significant pest of citrus in New Zealand when the broadspectrum activity of insecticides targeting other key pests disrupts the activity of its natural enemies The longterm solution to CRM control is to eliminate the use of disruptive agrichemicals but until this happens effective miticides are needed to control CRM Two smallplot field trials were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in a lemon orchard in Kerikeri In the first trial two applications of milbemectin abamectin fenpyroximate or propargite were effective against eggs and motile life stages Oil at 1 was not as effective as milbemectin at suppressing the incidence of eggs on leaves 6 weeks after application but was more effective than a 05 rate In the second trial the Stethorus sp ladybird and Agistemus longisetus predatory mite reduced CRM populations in both unsprayed trees and trees treated with miticides

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