PERAN DAN POTENSI MUSUH ALAMI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HeUcoverpa armigera (HUBNER) PADA KAPAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽  
DWI ADI SUNARTO ◽  
SUJAK SUJAK

<p><strong>The role and potency of natural enemies in controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hubner in cotton</strong></p><p><strong></strong>HeUcoverpa armigera. known as the cotton bollworm, is one of cotton productivity limiting factors. Efforts in controlling this pesl have been directed lo (he use of its natural enemies, viz. parasiloids. predator and insect pathogens in conservation techniques The study was conducted in two activities. The irst activity was the inventory of parasiloids and predators of// armigera. which was conducted from 1986 to 1999 in the cotton development area in Central Java (Rembang, Pati, and Grobogan).  East Java (Situbondo, Banyuwangi, Tuban. and Lanongan), NIB (Menangabaris. Lokopriya, and Sandubaya), and NTF (Maumere, Wailiti. and Larantuka). The second activity was to sludy the potency of dominant parasiloids and predators in cotton, which was conducted in 1999/2000 in the Research Instalaiion for Tobacco and Fibre Crops, Asembagus. The objectives of the study were to evaluate Ihe diversity of natural enemies, particularly parasiloids and predators, and their role in controlling Ihe population of // armigera in cotton. The inventory of parasiloids and predators was conducted to 15 and 21 species, respectively. The predominant parasiloids were Trichogramma-loidea armigera Nagaraja (egg parasitoid) and Eriborus argenteopilosus Camreon (larval parasitoid). The predominant predators were Deraeocoris indianus Carvalho, Campylomma diversicornis Rcuter (Hemiptera Miridae). Paederus fasciatus Curtis (Coleoptera Staphylinidac) and Coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera Coccincllidac). These predators feed on eggs and small larvae of //. armigera. The potency of these parasiloids and predator, as mortality factors of the pesl, was quantitatively studied in insecticide sprayed and unsprayed cotton ields. The egg and larval parasiloids caused mortality of //. armigera eggs and larvae as high as 65% and 21%, respectively. The predators suppressed // armigera population by 82%, so that its population was lower than that of the plots treated with insecticide. These suppressions resulted in a significantly lower damage of cotton fruiting bodies (4.3-8.0% on sprayed plots vs.1.7-3.4% on unsprayed plots) and hence, a signiicantly higher production of seed cotton ( I 838 kg/ha on sprayed plots vs. 2 170 kg/ha on unsprayed plots). Thereore, // armigera population on collon basically could be managed by its natural enemies below its action threshold, when Hie natural enemies were allowed to build up their population.</p>

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yi Wang ◽  
Liang-Ming Cao ◽  
Zhong-Qi Yang ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
...  

AbstractTo investigate natural enemies of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in northeastern China, we conducted field surveys of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) trees in semi-natural forests and plantations at variable EAB densities from 2008 to 2013. Our surveys revealed a complex of natural enemies including eight hymenopteran parasitoids and two apparently parasitic Coleoptera, woodpeckers, and several undetermined mortality factors. Parasitoid complex abundance and its contribution to EAB mortality varied with the time of year, type of ash stands, and geographic regions. The egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were frequently observed in Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces and in Beijing, but not in Tianjin. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), however, was more prevalent near Beijing and further south in Tianjin. Larvae of two species of apparently parasitic beetle, Tenerus Laporte (Coleoptera: Cleridae) species and Xenoglena quadrisignata Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae), were also recovered attacking overwintering EAB in Liaoning Province, with Tenerus species being a dominant mortality agent (~13%). Our findings support the need to consider the geographic origin of insect natural enemies for EAB biocontrol, as well as an expanded foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout its native range in Asia.


1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Claflin ◽  
Douglas C. Allen

AbstractAncylis discigerana (Walker) is a univoltine leaf folder of yellow birch. Final instar larvae overwinter in litter and pupate from mid-April through mid-May. Adults emerge in early June and deposit single eggs on the upper surface of a leaf, usually on a major leaf vein or other small depression in the epidermis. The first two instars skeletonize the lower surface of a leaf, beneath a sheet of silk that is constructed between two lateral veins. Third-instar larvae move to the upper surface of a different leaf and fold it lengthwise. Larvae feed on the upper epidermis within the fold until leaf-fall. Life stages are described.An egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, and a larval parasitoid, Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck, were the major natural enemies in the population studied.A key is presented for three species of Ancylis found on yellow birch.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Dwi Adi Sunarto ◽  
Anastasia Siti Murdiyati ◽  
. Nurindah

<p>Penerapan komponen teknologi pengendalian hama ramah lingkungan dilaksanakan di daerah pengembang-an kapas di Kecamatan Jati, Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah di lahan petani seluas ± 5 hektar yang dimiliki oleh 20 petani pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Oktober 2009. Komponen teknologi pengendalian hama ra-mah lingkungan diharapkan menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah serangga hama pada tanam-an kapas dan dapat diterima oleh petani. Pengendalian serangga hama kapas yang diterapkan adalah pengen-dalian serangga hama ramah lingkungan dengan komponen pengendalian yang terdiri atas seed treatment dengan insektisida imidakloprit dan penyemprotan insektisida botani ekstrak biji mimba berdasarkan ambang kendali yang mempertimbangkan keberadaan musuh alami dibandingkan dengan pengendalian serangga ha-ma konvensional (pengendalian hama menggunakan insektisida kimiawi sintetis seperti yang biasa diterap-kan oleh petani). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan komponen teknologi pengendalian hama ra-mah lingkungan yang terdiri atas seed treatment, insektisida botani ekstrak biji mimba, dan ambang kendali dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan musuh alami, terbukti dapat menekan populasi serangga hama ka-pas selalu di bawah batas ambang kendali dan tidak berbeda dengan pengendalian hama secara konvensio-nal. Pengendalian hama ramah lingkungan lebih aman terhadap musuh alami dengan pendapatan usaha tani kapas Rp621.250,00 lebih tinggi dibanding pengendalian hama secara konvensional. Teknologi pengendalian hama ramah lingkungan dapat diterima oleh petani, kecuali teknologi ambang kendali yang secara konsep da-pat diterima, tetapi petani masih enggan untuk melaksanakannya.</p><p> </p><p>Application of environmentally friendly pest control technology is expected to be the best solution to over-come insect pest problem on cotton crops and can be accepted by farmers. The research was conducted in the area of cotton development in Jati District, Blora Regency, Central Java on farmers' land area of 5 hectares owned by 20 farmers from March to October 2009. The applied treatments were: application of environmen-tally friendly pest insect control components, ie: seed treatment and botanical neem seed extracts insecticide sprayed based on an action threshold that considers the presence of natural enemies took in to account, compared with conventional pest control (pest control using synthetic chemical insecticides commonly used by the cotton farmers). The results showed that the application of environmentally friendly pest control tech-nology suppressed cotton insect pest population with no negative effect on natural enemies, and retained seed cotton production, increased the income of cotton farming as much as Rp621.250,00. Components of en-vironmentally friendly pest control technology can be accepted by cotton farmers, including the action thres-hold concept. However, the farmers were mind to implement the action threshold as it is too complicated for them.</p>


2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
SULFIANTO ALIAS ◽  
RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI

<p class="5abstrak"><em>Papilio</em><em> blumei</em> is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of <em>P. blumei</em> in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of <em>P. blumei</em>. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were <em>Sarcosephalum latifolius</em> and <em>Eugenia sp</em>. There was <em>Scudderia sp</em>. as an interspesific competitor for larval <em>P. blumei</em>. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of <em>P. blumei</em>. Female <em>P. blumei</em> laid eggs on abaxial leaf <em>E.hupehensis</em> and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of  <em>P. blumei</em> has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of <em>P.blumei </em>is <em>Trichogramma</em> sp., with k value = 0.381, <em>Pteromalus </em>sp., with k value = 0.125 and <em>Formica </em>sp., with k value = 0.096.</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
P. Setyanto ◽  
Rosenani A.B. ◽  
A.K. Makarim ◽  
Che Fauziah I. ◽  
A. Bidin ◽  
...  

Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. Methane, with some 15-30 times greater infrared-absorbing capability than CO2 on a mass basis, may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Soils are one of the key factors, which play an important role in CH4 production and emission. However, data on CH4 emission from different soil types and the characteristics affecting CH4 production are lacking when compared to data on agronomic practices. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of CH4 production of selected soils in Java, and determine the limiting factors of CH4 production. The results showed that addition of 1% glucose to the soils led to an increase in CH4 production by more than twelve fold compared to no glucose addition. The CH4 production potential ranged between 3.21 and 112.30 mg CH4 kg-1 soil. The lowest CH4 production potential occurred in brown-grayish Grumosol, while the highest was in dark-gray Grumosol. Chemical and physical properties of the soils have great influence on CH4 production. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of CH4 production and soil characteristics showed that pH and the contents of Fe2O3, MnO2, SO4, and silt in the soil strongly influenced CH4 production. Results of this study can be used for further development of a model on CH4 emission from rice fields.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Sartono Putrasamedja ◽  
Wiwin Setiawati ◽  
L Lukman ◽  
Ahsol Hasyim

<p>Perkembangan varietas-varietas bawang merah di suatu daerah ditentukan oleh keserasian dengan lingkungan, potensi hasil, toleransi terhadap serangan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT), serta umur dan mutu hasil. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji penampilan beberapa klon bawang merah dan hubungannya dengan intensitas serangan OPT penting. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Brebes dan Tegal (Jawa Tengah) dari Bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2011. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah 10 klon bawang merah hasil silangan tahun 2004 dan 2005, serta dua varietas bawang merah sebagai pembanding (Bauji dan Bima Brebes). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dan diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati ialah pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah anakan), hasil panen, dan serangan OPT penting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon no. 2005/1 dapat beradaptasi dengan baik di Brebes dan Tegal, mampu menghasilkan produksi tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 9,95 dan 17,50 t/ha, mempunyai diameter umbi terbesar (1,87 dan 2,41 cm), bentuk umbi bulat, dan berwarna merah tua, sedangkan klon no. 2004/11 mempunyai pertumbuhan dan  produktivitas yang tinggi, relatif toleran terhadap serangan Spodoptera exigua, Alternaria porri, dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, diameter umbi (1,67 dan 1,96 cm), bentuk umbi bulat,  dan berwarna merah tua, sedangkan klon no. 2004/10 dan no. 2005/19 sangat rentan terhadap serangan hama S. exigua, penyakit A. porri, dan C. gloeosporioides. Klon-klon yang mempunyai tingkat serangan rendah/toleran terhadap OPT merupakan klon harapan bawang merah toleran/tahan OPT. Namun demikian, penggunaan pestisida sesuai dengan konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) masih tetap diperlukan terutama apabila serangan OPT tersebut mencapai ambang pengendalian yang ditetapkan.</p><p> </p><p>The development of shallots varieties in one location depends on the genetic adaptability, yield potential,  tolerance to pest and diseases, harvest date, yield and quality. The aim of study was to evaluate 10 clones and two local clones as check, Bima Brebes and Bauji were conducted in Brebes and Tegal (Central Java) from June to September 2011. The trial were laid out in a completely randomized block design and each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters used for evaluating these clones were plant height, no. of sprout,  no. of leaves, yield and pests and diseases incidence. The results showed that considering overall performance, clone no. 2005/1 gave the highest yield (9.95 and 17.50 t/ha), and diameter of bulb (1.87 and 2.41 cm) in Brebes and Tegal respectively, clone no. 2004/11 produced growth and good yield  and showed tolerance to Spodoptera exigua, Alternaria porri, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, bulb diameter (1.67 and 1.96 cm) with dark red color,  while clone no. 2004/10 and no. 2005/19 were identified as the most susceptible clones to S. exigua, A. porri, and C. gloeosporioides. This suggests that some of shallots clones could be good candidates for the new varieties of shallots. However, the use of pesticides in IPM concept were still needed especially if the incidence of pests and diseases reach the action threshold.</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Setyanto ◽  
Rosenani A.B. ◽  
A.K. Makarim ◽  
Che Fauziah I. ◽  
A. Bidin ◽  
...  

Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. Methane, with some 15-30 times greater infrared-absorbing capability than CO2 on a mass basis, may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Soils are one of the key factors, which play an important role in CH4 production and emission. However, data on CH4 emission from different soil types and the characteristics affecting CH4 production are lacking when compared to data on agronomic practices. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of CH4 production of selected soils in Java, and determine the limiting factors of CH4 production. The results showed that addition of 1% glucose to the soils led to an increase in CH4 production by more than twelve fold compared to no glucose addition. The CH4 production potential ranged between 3.21 and 112.30 mg CH4 kg-1 soil. The lowest CH4 production potential occurred in brown-grayish Grumosol, while the highest was in dark-gray Grumosol. Chemical and physical properties of the soils have great influence on CH4 production. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of CH4 production and soil characteristics showed that pH and the contents of Fe2O3, MnO2, SO4, and silt in the soil strongly influenced CH4 production. Results of this study can be used for further development of a model on CH4 emission from rice fields.


2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
O. Nakládal ◽  
M. Turčáni

Predation by natural enemies was studied as mortality factors of <I>Hylesinus fraxini</I> in 2006–2007. Predation by birds was not recorded and predation rate by insect reached 0.1%. Only one insect predator was reared – <I>Thanasimus formicarius</I> (Linnaeus, 1758). The total rate of parasitism was 54.0%. At least 8 species of parasitoids from the order Hymenoptera were recorded. The most abundant parasitoid was <I>Eurytoma morio Boheman</I>, 1836 (44.1% from the total number of all reared parasitoids; 23.8% of the total mortality), subsequently <I>Eurytoma arctica</I> Thomson, 1876 (31.7%; 17.1%), <I>Cheiropachus quadrum</I> (Fabricius, 1787) (12.8%; 6.9%), Braconidae (6.3%; 3.4%), <I>Rhaphitelus maculatus</I> Walker, 1834 (3.9%; 2.1%), <I>Mesopolobus</I> sp. (0.5%; 0.3%), were not identified Pteromalidae (0.5%; 0.3%) and <I>Tetrastichus</I> sp. (0.2%; 0.1%).


2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Mascarenhas Motta Miranda ◽  
Marcelo Coutinho Picanço ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Leandro Bacci ◽  
Ézio Marques da Silva

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of integrated pest management (IPM) in the productivity of the tomato and in the populations of leafminers, fruit borers, and natural enemies in tomato crops. The treatments were calendar (spraying twice weekly with insecticides and fungicides), IPM (spraying when action thresholds were achieved), and control (no pesticide was applied). IPM was the most efficient system of pest control due to presenting similar productivity and 65.6% less pesticide applications than in the calendar. The attack of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to the leaves only achieved the action threshold in the final phase of the cultivation. The main fruit borer was Neoleucinoides elegantalis (Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), followed by T. absoluta and Spodoptera eridania (Cr.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The natural enemy populations were severely reduced by excessive pesticide applications. Predators were more abundant than parasitoids. The most abundant predators were Araneidae, Anthicus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), Cycloneda sanguinea larva (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Staphylinidae adults (Coleoptera), Orius sp. and Xylocoris sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), and Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera). The most abundant parasitoids were Hymenoptera of the families Eulophidae, Braconidae (Bracon sp. and Chelonus sp.), Trichogrammatidae [Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley)] and Bethylidae (Goniozus nigrifemur Ashmead), besides Tachinidae (Diptera).


Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3413 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANKITA GUPTA ◽  
KALESH. S

Eight species of parasitic wasps were bred from various stages of five species of hesperiids viz. Thoressa evershedi (Evans), Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius), Udaspes folus (Cramer), Borbo cinnara (Wallace) and Caltoris sp. inhabiting Western Ghats, Kerala, India. One new species, Dolichogenidea kunhi Gupta & Kalesh, is described and illustrated from Kerala, India, and its relationship with closely allied species is discussed. This new species was bred from parasitized larvae of Thoressa evershedi (Evans) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Microgastrinae braconid species, Apanteles javensis Rohwer and Cotesia erionotae (Wilkinson) were bred from parasitized larvae of P. mathias and U. folus respectively. Brachymeria habui Özdikmen (Chalcididae) was recorded from pupae of U. folus. Two hyperparasitoids, Eurytoma manilensis Ashmead (Eurytomidae) & Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford) (Eulophidae) were bred from larvae of B. cinnara. Egg parasitoid, Ooencyrtus papilionis Ashmead (Encyrtidae) and pupal parasitoid Brachymeria lasus (Walker) (Chacididae) was recorded from Caltoris sp. Information on the parasitoid distribution, brief diagnosis of each species with a habitus photograph for easy identification, host association, host caterpillars, caterpillar host plants, and taxonomic comments are provided.


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