BODY WEIGHT OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (SAY) UNDER VARIOUS FEEDING REGIMENS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. O’Neil ◽  
Robert N. Wiedenmann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

AbstractBody weights were measured for Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) given low prey inputs. Predators were fed green bean slices ad lib and a single mealworm larva (Tenebrio molitor L.) of one of two size classes, for a 24-h period every 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 days. Other treatments included predators fed to excess of daily attacks, predators given only green bean slices, and predators given no food. Results showed that predators fed bean slices maintained body weight after an initial decline, whereas predators given no food lost weight continually until death. Predators maintained weight when fed prey ad lib, and when fed prey of either size daily. Those fed at longer intervals lost weight between feedings, and weight fluctuations increased as the interfeeding interval increased. Slopes of weight change between feedings did not differ significantly for predators fed at 2- through 16-day intervals. During oviposition, predators lost about 15 mg of body weight. Egg clutches comprised about 60% of the weight lost. Egg weights did not differ among treatments. The results suggest that P. maculiventris can survive long periods without prey, and adjusts its weight loss by reducing reproductive effort when prey become scarce. The importance of these adaptations for P. maculiventris to sustain populations in agricultural systems is discussed.

EFFECTS OF LOW RATES OF PREDATION ON SELECTED LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (SAY) (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Wiedenmann ◽  
Robert J. O’Neil
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Small Prey ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Survival Patterns

AbstractReproductive and survival patterns of the heteropteran predator Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were measured under low prey inputs. A single prey, mealworm larva (Tenebrio molitor L.), of one of two sizes (120 or 30 mg), was given to predators for a 24-h period every 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 days. Additional treatments included: predators provided prey in excess of attack rates; predators given no food; and predators given green bean slices only. Results showed that predators provided with prey survived regardless of feeding interval. When given large prey, predators showed reproductive patterns that were not clearly reflective of feeding interval; only predators fed at 8- and 16-day intervals showed reduced fecundity. When given small prey, the reproductive patterns of predators clearly reflected the feeding intervals. Predators that were fed less frequently laid fewer eggs, less often, and later in life.

scholarly journals 1343. Prophylactic Dosing of Baloxavir Acid Eliminates Mortality in Mice Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S410-S411
Author(s):  
Shinya Shano ◽  
Keita Fukao ◽  
Takeshi Noshi ◽  
Kenji Sato ◽  
Masashi Sakuramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Prophylactic Efficacy ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Single Dosing

Abstract Background Baloxavir acid (BXA), an active form of orally available prodrug baloxavir marboxil (BXM, formerly S-033188), is a novel small molecule inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) of influenza A and B virus, and was recently launched for the treatment of acute and uncomplicated influenza with single dosing of BXM (the trade name XOFLUZA™) in Japan in March 2018. Here, we evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of BXA in mice lethally infected with influenza A virus. Methods T1/2 of BXA in human is more than 10 times longer than that in mice. Therefore, suspension of BXA was subcutaneously administered at 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg in mice to maintain the plasma concentration of BXA as seen in humans, and then mice were intranasally inoculated with a lethal dose of A/PR/8/34 strain at 48, 72, or 96 hours after the administration of BXA. Survival time and body weight change were then monitored through a 28-day period after virus infection. Mice were euthanized and regarded as dead if their body weights were lower than 70% of the initial body weights according to humane endpoints. Results Single dosing of BXA (1.6 mg/kg) completely eliminated mortality in mice, when the mice were administrated the drug at 48, 72, or 96 hours before virus infection (Figure 1). BXA treatment also significantly prevented body weight loss, consistent with the prolonged survival. Conclusion Prophylactic dosing of BXA exhibited significant protective efficacy against mortality and body weight loss in mice following a lethal infection with influenza A virus. The significant prophylactic efficacy observed in our mouse model suggests the potential utility of BXM for the prophylaxis of influenza in human. Disclosures S. Shano, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary. K. Fukao, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary. T. Noshi, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary. K. Sato, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary. M. Sakuramoto, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary. K. Baba, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary. T. Shishido, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary. A. Naito, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Employee, Salary.

scholarly journals Weight Loss Medications in Young Adults after Bariatric Surgery for Weight Regain or Inadequate Weight Loss: A Multi-Center Study

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Toth ◽  
Gricelda Gomez ◽  
Alpana Shukla ◽  
Janey Pratt ◽  
Hellas Cena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Percent Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Weight Loss Medications

This paper presents a retrospective cohort study of weight loss medications in young adults aged 21 to 30 following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) between November 2000 and June 2014. Data were collected from patients who used topiramate, phentermine, and/or metformin postoperatively. Percentage of patients achieving ≥5%, ≥10%, or ≥15% weight loss on medications was determined and percent weight change on each medication was compared to percent weight change of the rest of the cohort. Our results showed that 54.1% of study patients lost ≥5% of their postsurgical weight; 34.3% and 22.9% lost ≥10% and ≥15%, respectively. RYGB had higher median percent weight loss (−8.1%) than SG (−3.3%) (p = 0.0515). No difference was found in median percent weight loss with medications started at weight plateau (−6.0%) versus after weight regain (−5.4%) (p = 0.5304). Patients taking medications at weight loss plateau lost 41.2% of total body weight from before surgery versus 27.1% after weight regain (p = 0.076). Median percent weight change on metformin was −2.9% compared to the rest of the cohort at −7.7% (p = 0.0241). No difference from the rest of the cohort was found for phentermine (p = 0.2018) or topiramate (p = 0.3187). Topiramate, phentermine, and metformin are promising weight loss medications for 21 to 30 year olds. RYGB patients achieve more weight loss on medications but both RYGB and SG benefit. Median total body weight loss from pre-surgical weight may be higher in patients that start medication at postsurgical nadir weight. Participants on metformin lost significantly smaller percentages of weight on medications, which could be the result of underlying medical conditions.

The value of Atriplex (Saltbush) and Kochia (Bluebush) species as food for sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Intake

Penned sheep were fed on species of Atriplex or Kochia, either alone or as supplements to a roughage diet. The intake and digestibility of the diets, and the weight change of the sheep were recorded. The digestible dry matter intake of A. nummularia and A. vesicaria was sufficient for maintenance of the sheep, provided that fresh water was available. There was little seasonal change in the quality of the Atriglex diets. The intake of a protein-deficient roughage was not altered by the addition of 150 g dry matter of Atriplex or Kochia as a supplement. Body weight loss was decreased or gain increased, but neither significantly, by the addition of these supplements which were high in nitrogen.

Some observations on high- and low-potassium Chokla sheep given water intermittently under semi-arid conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. More ◽  
P. S. Rawat ◽  
K. L. Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
Breeding Groups

SUMMARYNon-breeding groups, I, II and III, each with six high-potassium (HK) and six lowpotassium(LK) Chokla ewes were given water once in 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. In the next summer, seven ewes (4 HK and 3 LK) from each group I, II and III were switched over to a watering schedule of once in 24, 72 and 96 h respectively and were naturally bred. All the animals were maintained on grazing alone.Water deprivation for 72 h caused 18·8 and 19·2% body weight loss in HK and LKewes respectively; an overall average maintenance of weight loss in LK ewes was significantly higher than in HK ewes from the same group. There were significant differences in water intake due to treatments only. The HK and LK ewes from groups I and III showed a similar trend.Pregnant ewes of HK and LK types given water once in 96 h lost 21·7 and 23·8% of their body weights respectively. Corresponding weight loss in aborted ewes were 23·8 and 33·3%. Two ewes, each from 3 LK and 4 HK animals aborted owing to water deprivation for 96 h. The water intake reached 30 and 36·5% of body weight in LK and HK pregnant ewes given water intermittently.The wool attributes of non-pregnant ewes did not indicate a significant influence of blood potassium types. Four out of five ewes of the LK phenotype died during 3 years, irrespective of watering schedule.

scholarly journals Changes and variations of body weight as risk factors for coronary heart disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Jovanovic ◽  
Branko Jakovljevic ◽  
Katarina Paunovic ◽  
Dusan Grubor ◽  
Aleksandar Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Weight Changes

Introduction Weight variations are a common phenomenon. Therefore, concern has been raised about the association between weight changes and weight variations and coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of weight change and weight variations as risk factors for coronary heart disease. Materials and methods The investigation was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study, including 102 participants of both genders: 61 patients with CHD and 41 healthy controls. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements and completed a questionnaire that included 1) weight changes in adulthood (maximum and minimum weight), 2) presence and number of weight variations in the 10 years prior to the onset of disease and 3) the size of weight change (weight gain or weight loss in kg). One weight variation was defined as weight loss followed by weight gain for more than 10% of body weight, or about 7 kg. Multivariant logistic regression was used for the estimation of significant predictors for the occurrence of coronary heart disease. Results Participants with CHD had higher values of body weight in adulthood compared to healthy controls, larger number of weight variations in the last 10 years, and more frequently reported weight gain and weight loss for more than 10 kg. The highest risk for the occurrence of coronary heart disease was observed for participants who had more than 3 weight variations for 10% (OR=2.13; 95%CI=0.98-5.48), those with weight loss over 10 kg (OR=2.16; 95%CI=1.71-2.72) and those with weight gain over 10 kg (OR=2.71; 95%CI=1.08-6.83), regardless of gender, age, smoking, body mass index and blood pressure. Discussion Several mechanisms are suggested to explain the relationship between weight changes and variations and coronary heart disease, including changes in plasma lipid levels, insulin levels, decrease of HDL cholesterol, increase of C-reactive protein and increase of blood pressure. Conclusion This study suggests that frequent and very intense weight changes can be considered important predictors for the occurrence of coronary heart disease.

scholarly journals Age- and Sex-Specific Analyses of Diet Quality and 4-Year Weight Change in Nonobese Adults Show Stronger Associations in Young Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C Vinke ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Eva Corpeleijn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT Background Although the general importance of diet quality in the prevention of unintentional weight gain is known, it is unknown whether its influence is age or sex dependent. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the strength of the association between diet quality and 4-y weight change was modified by age and sex. Methods From the Dutch population-based Lifelines Cohort, 85,618 nonobese adult participants (age 18–93 y), recruited between 2006 and 2013, were included in the study. At baseline, diet was assessed with a 110-item food-frequency questionnaire. The Lifelines Diet Score, based on international evidence for diet-disease relations at the food group level, was calculated to assess diet quality. For analyses, the score was divided in quintiles (Qs). Body weight was objectively measured at baseline and after a median follow-up of 44 mo (25th−75th percentile: 35–51 mo). In between, body weight was self-reported twice. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the association between diet quality and weight change by sex and in 6 age categories (18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 y). Results Mean 4-y weight change decreased over age categories. Confounder-adjusted linear mixed models showed that the association between diet quality and weight change was modified by sex (P-interaction = 0.001). In women, the association was also modified by age (P-interaction = 0.001). Poor diet quality was most strongly associated with weight gain in the youngest men [Q1 compared with Q5: +0.33 kg/y (95% CI: 0.10, 0.56)] and women [+0.22 kg/y (95% CI: 0.07, 0.37)]. In contrast, in women aged ≥70 y, poor diet quality was associated with greater weight loss [−0.44 kg/y (95% CI: −0.84, −0.05)]. Conclusions Poor diet quality was related to higher weight gain, especially in young adults. Oppositely, among women aged ≥70 y, poor diet quality was related to higher weight loss. Therefore, a healthful diet is a promising target for undesirable weight changes in both directions.

scholarly journals Weight Change, Lifestyle and Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbo Hu ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Ellen Hertzmark ◽  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background: Whether weight change around type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis is associated with long-term survival is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between weight change and mortality among participants with incident T2D and evaluate impacts of lifestyle on this association. Methods: This prospective analysis included 11,262 incident T2D patients from the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We assessed weight change bracketing T2D diagnosis in relation to mortality. We also examined potential effect modification by a healthy lifestyle consisting of high-quality diet, regular physical activity, non-smoking status and moderate alcohol consumption.Results: On average, T2D patients lost 2.3 kg during a two-year time-window spanning the T2D diagnosis, and body weight increased afterwards. Compared with patients with a stable weight, T2D patients who lost ≥10% body weight had a 26% (95% CI: 4%, 52%) increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lifestyle significantly modified these associations: the hazard ratios (95% CIs) of CVD mortality comparing ≥10% weight loss with stable weight were 1.41 (0.87, 2.30) among participants with a deteriorated lifestyle, 1.46 (1.15, 1.86) for a stable lifestyle, and 0.82 (0.53, 1.27) for an improved lifestyle (Pinteraction <0.001). Major weight loss was also associated with an increased all-cause mortality, and similar effect modifications by lifestyle were observed.Conclusions: Significant weight loss upon T2D incidence was associated with an increased CVD mortality, although improved lifestyle quality abolished these associations. These results highlight the role of adopting a healthy lifestyle for newly diagnosed T2D patients in improving long-term survival.

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