scholarly journals DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF NEONYMPHA AREOLATUS, Smith–Abbot

1882 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
W. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Single Hair ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Dorsal Stripe ◽  
Base Duration

Egg—Nearly globular; the surface smooth under a low power, but under a high one, thickly covered with shallow depressions, which are irregular in size and also in form, being pentagonal, rounded or oval; color pale green. Duration of this stage about 6 days.Young Larva.—Length .12 inch; cylindrical, nearly even, tapering a little posteriorly, the last segment bluntly forked; color delicate green; over the surface many white hairs, and among these are black clubbed hairs disposed in longitudinal rows, four on the dorsum of each segment, two in front, two in rear; feet and legs green; head large, about twice as broad as any body segment, sub-globose, a little depressed at top; on each vertex a short semi-ovoid appendage, at the top giving out two divergent black hairs; just below vertex, on the front, is a similar smaller appendage with single hair, and on the side half way down is a second; color black. Towards the end of this stage the color of body changes to decided green, and several longitudinal stripes appear; on either side of a dark green medio-dorsal stripe is a whitish one, a similar one on middle of side and another along base. Duration of this stage about 8 days, but depending on the weather.

EARLY STAGES OF FIDONIA NOTATARIA, Walk

1882 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 199-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Goodell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Yellowish Green ◽  
Yellow Body ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Deep Green ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Dorsal Stripe

Eggs.—Oblong, covered with hexagonal depressions and bright green in color. Length 0.6 mil.; width 0.3 mil. Duration of egg stage 12 days.Young Larva.—Length 2 mil.; head twice as wide as the body, round and deep ochre yellow; body dull yellowish green with a faint paler stigmatal stripe.Mature Larva.—Body of uniform thickness, deep green with a narrow sub-dorsal and stigmatal white stripe, and a dorsal greenish-white hair line; dorsal space pale green; ventral space yellowish green. Head brownish green with a lateral white stripe which is a continuation of the sub-dorsal stripe of the body. Length at rest 25 to 26 mil.; when crawling, 26 to 27 mil. Food plant, Pinus strobus. Duration of larva stage, 35 to 40 days. Described from 57 specimens.

Exploration of the forbidden regions of the Ramachandran plot (ϕ-ψ) with QTAIM

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (38) ◽  
pp. 26423-26434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Momen ◽  
Alireza Azizi ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Yang Ping ◽  
Tianlv Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Peptide Structure ◽  
Ramachandran Plot ◽  
Left Response ◽  
Forbidden Regions ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Ramachandran Plots ◽  
Pale Green

Left: Response β is defined as: β = arccos(e̲2·y̲) with β* = arccos(e̲1·y̲). Right: QTAIM interpreted Ramachandran plots {(βϕ,βϕ*)-(βψ,βψ*)} ‘-’ is a hyphen and not a subtraction sign. Pale green and dark green crosses indicate the glycine, pink and red pluses represent the remaining amino acids (a.a.) in the magainin peptide structure.

Inclusions and wall deposits in cells of plants infected with oat necrotic mottle virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Green Tissue ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
In Cells

Virus-like particles and two types of inclusion bodies were found in cells of leaves of oats, Avena sativa L., and Canada bluegrass, Poa compressa L., infected with oat necrotic mottle virus. The particles and inclusion bodies were seen in pale green tissue and in most samples of dark green tissue of mottled, mature oat leaves, but were seen only in the pale green tissue of immature leaves. There was also evidence of infection in oat roots.Tubules and (or) vesicles occurred between the cell wall and the plasmalemma (boundary formation) in many mesophyll cells of infected, mature bluegrass and oat leaves. Three types of abnormal deposits, localized, extensive, and fibrillar, also occurred between the wall and the plasmalemma in many of these cells. The extensive and fibrillar deposits were more common in bluegrass than in oats.

scholarly journals Fluoro-aluminoleakeite, NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)Si8O22F2, a new mineral of the amphibole group from Norra Kärr, Sweden: description and crystal structure

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Oberti ◽  
F. Cámaraite ◽  
F. C. Hawthorne ◽  
N. A. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Calculated Density ◽  
Greenish Blue ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green

AbstractFluoro-aluminoleakeite, ideally , is a new mineral of the amphibole group from Norra Kärr, Sweden (IMA-CNMMNC 2009-012). It occurs in a proterozoic alkaline intrusion that mainly comprises a fine-grained schistose agpaitic nepheline-syenite (grennaite). Fluoro- aluminoleakeite occurs as isolated prismatic crystals 0.10–2 mm long in a syenitic matrix. Crystals are light greenish-blue with a greenish-blue streak. It is brittle, has a Mohs hardness of 6 and a splintery fracture; it is non-fluorescent with perfect {110} cleavage, no observable parting, and has a calculated density of 3.14 g cm–3. In plane-polarized light, it is pleochroic, X = pale green, Y = dark green, Z = pale green; X ^ a = 62.9° (in β obtuse), Y || b. Fluoro-aluminoleakeite is biaxial negative, α = 1.632(1), β = 1.638(1), γ = 1.643(1); 2Vobs. = 98.0(4)°, 2Vcalc. = 95.5°.MFluoro-aluminoleakeite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 9.7043(5) Å, b = 17.7341(8) Å, c = 5.2833(3) Å, β = 104.067(4)°, V = 882.0(2) Å3, Z = 2. The eight strongest X-ray diffraction lines in the powder-diffraction pattern are [d in Å, (I), (hkl)]: 2.687, (100), (31, 151); 4.435, (80), (021, 040); 3.377, (80), (131); 2.527, (60), (02); 8.342, (50), (110); 3.096, (40), (310); 2.259, (40), (71, 12) and 2.557, (30), (002, 061). Analysis, by a combination of electron microprobe and crystal-structure refinement, gives SiO2 58.61, Al2O3 7.06, TiO2 0.32, FeO 3.27, Fe2O3 6.05, MgO 8.61, MnO 0.73, ZnO 0.43, CaO 0.05, Na2O 9.90, K2O 2.43, Li2O 1.62, F 3.37, H2Ocalc. 0.50, sum 101.08 wt.%. The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O,OH,F,Cl) p.f.u. with (OH) + F = 2 a.p.f.u., is A(Na0.65 O22W(F1.47OH0.53)Σ=2.00. Crystal-structure analysis shows CLi to be completely ordered at the M(3) site, and provided reliable site populations. Fluoro-aluminoleakeite is related to the end-member leakeite, , by the substitutions CFe3+ → CAl and WF → W(OH).

Olivenite and cornwallite from the Podlipa copper deposit near Ľubietová, Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Martin Števko ◽  
Jiří Sejkora ◽  
Zdeněk Dolníček
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Chemical Zoning ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
P Content ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green

An interesting occurrence of olivenite and cornwallite was recently discovered in cavities of quartz at the Podlipa copper deposit near Ľubietová, Slovakia. Olivenite occurs as olive to pale green sprays or radial aggregates consisting of individual acicular crystals up to 5 mm long. Its refined unit-cell parameters (for the monoclinic space group P21/n) are: a 8.6192(13) Å, b 8.2300(11) Å, c 5.9349(8) Å, α 90.055(12)° and V 420.99(7) Å3. Studied olivenite shows intense chemical zoning caused by strong variation of As and P contents. Most of the zones are corresponding to olivenite (with P content ranging between 0.02 to 0.39 apfu), but darker zones or domains of As-rich libethenite (with As content ranging between 0.18 to 0.24 apfu) were occasionally observed. Cornwallite forms dark green massive fillings between olivenite crystals or microcrystalline botryoidal crusts. The refined unit-cell parameters (for the monoclinic space group P21/c) of botryoidal cornwallite from the Podlipa deposit are: a 4.6112(2) Å, b 5.7698(3) Å, c 17.4167(11) Å, β 92.009(5)° and V 463.10(3) Å3. The two compositional types of cornwallite were distinguished. The first type is represented by relatively homogenous aggregates with only minor contents of P (from 0.04 to 0.22 apfu). The second type occurs as polycrystalline fillings with strong chemical zoning and has much more significant variation of As and P contents, representing solid-solution series between P-rich cornwallite (with 1.41 apfu of As and 0.59 apfu of P) and As-rich pseudomalachite (with 1.37 apfu of P and 0.63 apfu of As).

scholarly journals STUDIES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Speidel
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Anuran Larvae ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
Erythrocyte Destruction

Experimental hyperthyroidism in urodele larvæ (Amblystoma) and anuran larvæ (Rana, Bufo, and Hyla) is accompanied by definite changes in bile color. The normal pale green, or pale yellow-green, color of the full gall bladder changes progressively after thyroid administration to a brighter green, then emerald-green, and finally a very dark green. In several hundred observations no exceptions were noted. The bile pigment, biliverdin (and its derivatives), is elaborated from the hemoglobin of worn out erythrocytes. Thyroid administration induces an increased rate of erythrocyte destruction, and this is followed by an increased output of bile pigment. Other minor factors are mentioned which may to a limited extent modify the color of the bile. Erythrocyte destruction occurs largely by enucleation, cytoplasmic segmentation, and fragmentation, and is probably widespread in the body. Many fragments and senile red cells collect in the liver. During the later stages of thyroid treatment the macrophages become conspicuously active. They are especially abundant in the liver, the gut, and the gills. In addition to the hemoglobin eliminated after transformation into bile pigment, some is transported by macrophages through the gut lining, and to a less extent through the involuting gill epithelium, and thus eliminated from the body.

scholarly journals Note on the Colour-Preference of Flies

1914 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Edward Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Black Slate ◽  
Pale Green

In the course of our investigations on the biology of flies, during the year 1912, a certain number of experiments were performed in order to ascertain whether house-flies possess any colour preference. In the case of mosquitoes, Nuttall (1901) has shown that these insects have a very well-defined preference for certain colours. When a number of boxes, lined with different coloured materials, were placed in a tent containing mosquitoes, the latter occurred most frequently on navy-blue, and, in descending order, on dark red, brown, scarlet, black, slate-grey, dark green, violet, leaf-green, blue, pearl-grey, pale green, light blue, ochre, white, orange, and yellow. Very few insects indeed were found to rest on the last seven colours.

scholarly journals ETNOLICHENOLOGY OF OLD MENS BEARD (Usnea spp) AT PRIANGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Iin Supartinah Noer ◽  
Betty Mayawatie ◽  
Leni Maryani ◽  
Jujun Juanda ◽  
Anggit Manganti
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The People ◽  
Mouth Ulcer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Crude Material ◽  
Pale Green

<p>Usnea has been used for a long time in Indonesia for traditional medicine and crude material for jamu. The study of taxonomy and local knowledge at Priangan are less information. The research was conducted between March 2011–April 2012. The aim of this research was to explore the local knowledge of species Usnea conducted by emic and ethic approaches. The specimens collection was done by survey along the pine forest at Bandung, Sumedang, Garut, Ciamis and Tasikmalaya in Priangan areas. The specimens were analysis morphological, anatomy and chemical. The etnolichenology study was done by descriptive qualitative, survey and interview also observation participative at Gunung Gelap Village and Kamojang area of Garut Regency and Cibunar village,Sumedang Regency in West Java. The interview was done with key informants. The taxonomical study found the 11 species of Beard lichens found in pine forest at Priangan, belong to 3 subgenus. They are subgenus Dilichousnea, consist of Usnea filipendula, U. hirta,U. longisima and U. trichodea. Subgenus Eumitra consist of U.baileyi and U. ceratina. Subgenus Usnea consist of U. cornuta, <br />U. flexilis, Usnea. flexuosa, U. florida and U.glabra. The dominant species growing on pine in different location are U. baileyi and U. flexilis. They have thalli colour dark green, yellow-green, pale green and reddish brown. Thallus branching is dichotomous in all species with difference in the thickness form the isotomic or anisotomic dichotomous types. Species Usnea is fructicose with habits erect type or subpendent type or pendent type.The lichenic acid contain in Usnea species are different and dominant by usnic acid and protocetoric acid. The stictic acid only found in U.flexuosa. The result of interview known that Usnea was called janggot kai by the Sundanese. People grouping the Usnea based on colour, growth pattern and surface of thallus, so known “Janggot kai hejo, janggot kai koneng, janggot kai rubak, janggot kai ngaruntuy, janggot kai kesrak and janggot kai lemes”. Mostly the people used Usnea as raru for preservative nira, medicine and spices. The Sudanese used Usnea in formula oj jamu or ubar kampong to treat mouth ulcer, dysentery, catch a cold, skin eruption, stiff, menstruation painful, hemorrhoids,child birth ease and in making mahinum (jamu for mother after utter) and used as face powder of noble woman.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Usnea, local knowledge, raru, ubar kampong.</p>

scholarly journals Development of pharmacognostic parameters for the leaf of Bridelia scandens (Roxb.) Willd

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
J. Preetham ◽  
◽  
S. Kiran ◽  
R. Sharath ◽  
P. Sivakami Sundari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thick Layer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green

Background: Pharmacognostic study of medicinal plants is an important parameter for standardization and authentication of plants, with the help of which adulteration and substitution can be prevented. The present study deals with pharmacognostic profile of leaf of Bridelia scandens (Roxb).Willd. an important traditional plant, belonging to family Euphorbiaceae used to treat various ailments. Methods: The present study includes macroscopic and microscopic studies, quantitative microscopy, and physiochemical characters such as ash value, extractive values, fluorescence analysis, and total phenol and flavonoid content. Results: Macroscopically, the leaves are B. scandens are elliptic –oblong or obavate, dark green above, pale green below lateral veins. Microscopically, leaf consists of thick semicircular midrib and the lamina, cortical zone ending with thick continuous cylinder of sclerenchyma cells. Sclerenchyma cylinder completely enclosed the vascular cylinder of the midrib, consists of only continuous thick layer of phloem. Xylem cylinder consists of numerous short or long radial chains of vessels. The lateral vein is flat on the adaxial side and prominently projecting hemispherical body on the adaxial side. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of spiral xylem vessels, rosette and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals and trichomes. A Physiochemical characteristic was also determined. Conclusion: Existing literature revealed that so far, no Pharmacognostic study has been reported on the leaf of B. scandens. Findings from this investigation can be used for its identification and determination of quality and purity of medicinally important plant. Thus exploring the usefulness of pharmacognostic evaluation to validate and authenticate drug

Alfaria avenellae sp. nov. from Italy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 332 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
CHUAN-GEN LIN ◽  
DONG-QIN DAI ◽  
DARBHE J. BHAT ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
LI-ZHOU TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Pale Green ◽  
A New Species

A new species Alfaria avenellae, is described, illustrated and compared with other Alfaria species. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analyses. Alfaria avenellae can easily be distinguished from other Alfaria species by its distinct synnemata, long conidiophores (up to 350 μm) and pale green to dark green conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of this new species within the genus Alfaria and provide evidence to support the establishment of our new species.

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