The Bramble Leaf hopper, Typhlocyba tenerrima H.-S. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), A Destructive European Insect New to the Pacific Northwest

1950 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Andison
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Leaf Hopper ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Fraser Valley

In July, 1947, a leafhopper was found causing serious injury to the foliage of loganberries in the Brentwood area of Vancouver Island, B.C. A survey made at that time in southern Vancouver Island showed that this species was widely distributed, and that it occurred also on raspberries and blackberries. In 1948 it was again found injuring loganberries on Vancouver Island and was found also in the lower Fraser Valley; and in 1949 it was observed 40 miles north of Victoria, at Cowichan Bay, feeding on wild blackberry. It is probable that this species had been present in the coastal area of British Columbia for some time before it was first observed in 1947 causing economic damage.

POTASSIUM RELATIONSHIPS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SOILS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
E. H. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Fraser Valley

The estimated amounts of micaceous minerals and of certain forms of K, namely total, slowly available, and exchangeable K, varied considerably among soils of southwest British Columbia. The amounts of different forms of K were related to the amounts of micaceous minerals. The amounts of the various forms of K in the soils were related to one another. The Vancouver Island soils formed on marine and glacial till parent materials contained less mica and K than the Lower Fraser Valley soils formed on Fraser river alluvium. In most instances the contents of the various forms of K were not related to the amounts of silt and clay in the soils.

Hydrographic Charting and Oceanography on the West Coast of Canada from the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sandilands
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The West ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Formative Years

Those participating in this Congress are aware of the leadership of Rear-Admiral George Henry Richards in mounting the Challenger Expedition, which he himself regarded as the crowning achievement of his career. However, he also has a very special place in the history and development of British Columbia and it can fairly be said that his work in the Pacific Northwest was the major achievement of his sea-going career. His service on the coast covered the short period 1857 to 1863, but these were formative years in the development of the west coast colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia.

Middle Wisconsin Stratigraphy and Climatic Reconstruction, Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville F. Alley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Almost Continuous

Interbedded, organic-rich terrestrial and marine sediments exposed along the eastern coastal lowland of Vancouver Island contain an almost continuous record of middle Wisconsin vegetation and climate. The record has been interpreted largely from palynostratigraphic studies at three sites and supported by a study of modern pollen spectra from the three major biogeoclimatic zones of the extant vegetation. Radiocarbon dates from a variety of organic materials in the middle Wisconsin beds reveal that the fossil pollen spectra span an interval ranging from approximately 21,000 yr B.P. to more than 51,000 yr B.P. The spectra are divided into eight major pollen zones encompassing the Olympia Interglaciation and early Fraser Glaciation geologicclimate units of the Pacific Northwest. The Olympia Interglaciation extended from before 51,000 yr B.P. to ca. 29,000 yr B.P. and was characterized by a climate similar to present. During the early Fraser Glaciation, from 29,000 years ago to approximately 21,000 yr B.P., climate deteriorated until tundra like conditions prevailed. These pollen sequences are correlative with those of coastal British Columbia and partly with those from Olympic Peninsula, but apparently are not comparable with events in the Puget Lowland.

Lag of the Fraser glacial maximum in the Pacific Northwest: pollen and macrofossil evidence from western Fraser Lowland, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2288-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Hicock ◽  
Richard J. Hebda ◽  
John E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Taxus Brevifolia ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Plant Assemblage ◽  
The Pacific

Pollen and macrofossil evidence from two sites in northwestern Fraser Lowland reveals that Abies lasiocarpa – Picea cf. engelmannii forest and parkland grew there about 18 000 years ago under cold humid continental conditions. Taxus brevifolia was also a significant constituent of this forest. This plant assemblage resembles the ESSF Biogeoclimatic Zone of subalpine elevations in the northern interior of British Columbia (900–2250 m). Climate was probably cold with low to moderate rainfall and characterized by long, cold, wet winters and very short, probably dry, frost-free summers. Mean annual temperature was depressed about 8 °C and the tree line was probably 1200–1500 m lower than today.Fraser Lowland was probably removed from Pacific oceanic influence because the land–sea interface was located on the continental shelf to the west of Vancouver Island and Washington about the time of the last global glacial maximum, global depression of sea level, and Quadra Sand aggradation in the Pacific Northwest. Lowland glaciation was probably delayed because of insufficient precipitation in the drier macroclimate and the precipitation shadow created behind mountains on Vancouver Island and Olympic Peninsula. We speculate that, as Laurentide ice decayed, there was a northward shift of zonal weather patterns over the eastern Pacific, bringing very wet winters to the Fraser Lowland and providing moisture for rapid, extensive, Vashon glaciation, which culminated about 14 500 BP, lagging at least 3000 years behind the Laurentide glacial maximum.

Gravity and structure of an active margin—British Columbia and Washington

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin P. Riddihough
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Positive Anomaly ◽  
Active Margin ◽  
The Pacific

Active subduction zones around the world have a gravity expression characterized by a linear negative gravity anomaly over the trench and a parallel, linear positive anomaly some 100km inland. Although there are local modifications, the same pattern is present in the Pacific northwest across the zone of interaction between the Juan de Fuca and American plates.Previous geophysical interpretations of this region have not specifically used a subduction model but have exposed an apparent conflict between seismic and gravity interpretations of the thickness of the crust under Vancouver Island. The position of Vancouver Island in the arc-trench gap of an active margin suggests that a compromise can be achieved by considering the wedge of material overlying the down-going plate to be of high density and low compressional velocity. Such materials have been documented in the laboratory and are typically amphibolite to granulite facies mafic rocks.Proceeding on this assumption, four structural sections across the margin in southern British Columbia and northern Washington show that both seismic and gravity data can be simply incorporated into models fulfilling the main criteria of a subduction zone. Among the features suggested by the construction of these sections are (1) the density of the material of the down-going slab need not increase beyond that of normal lithosphere to satisfy the gravity observations and (2) the down-going slab may increase in dip approximately beneath Georgia Strait and Puget Sound

Experiments on Oral Secretion of the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Oral Secretion ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

Tick paralysis continues to be one of the most baffling and fascinating tickborne diseases in Canada. It was first reported in this country by Todd in 1912. Since then about 250 human cases, including 28 deaths, have been recorded from British Columbia. Outbreaks in cattle have affected up to 400 animals at a time, with losses in a herd as high as 65 head. Although the disease is most common in the Pacific northwest, where it is caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, it has lately been reported as far south as Florida and has been produced by Dermacentor variabilis Say, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and A. americanum (L.) (Gregson, 1953). The symptoms include a gradual ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis. Apparently only man, sheep, cattle, dogs, and buffalo (one known instance) are susceptible, but even these may not necessarily be paralysed.

1999 Pacific Northwest Labor History Association Conference

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Preferable Alternative ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Academic Conferences

I cannot provide a definitive answer to those of us pondering what the best alternative to capitalism is, but after attending the Pacific Northwest Labor History Association (PNLHA) Conference in Westminster, British Columbia, over the weekend of May 28–30, 1999, I can tell you that this is certainly a preferable alternative to standard academic conferences. As usual, the PNLHA was able to produce a cadre of historians (from the trades as well as academia), active unionists, and old-timers whose memories are as tapable as a keg of beer. Although the association designates labor history as its subject, newly elected President Ross Rieder likes to say, “History ends the moment before now.”

Life History and Behavior of the Bramble Leafhopper, Ribautiana tenerrima (H.-S.) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Raine
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fraser Valley

Since 1947, when the bramble leafhopper, Ribautiana tenerrima (H.-S.) (rubi Hardy, misella 13011.), was first reported in North America near Victoria, B.C., it has become a serious pest in cane fruit plantings on southern Vancouver Island and the lower Fraser Valley. Hoth nymphs and adults suck the sap from the leaves, producing a white stippling on the upper surfaces (Fig. 1). In a dry season a severe infestation causes many leaves to become curled and appear burned. The canes lack vigor and the size of the fruit is reduced. This is a report on a study of the life history and behavior of the species conducted at Victoria from 1953 to 1957.

Notes on Parathion-Resistant Strains of Two Phytophagous Mites and a Predacious Mite in British Columbia

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
N. H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tetranychus Pacificus

The existence of strains of mites resistant to parathion has been well established (Garman, 1950; Lienk, Dean, & Chapman, 1952; Newcomer & Dean, 1952; Smith & Fulton, 1951). Resistant strains of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), first occurred in orchards of the Pacific northwest in 1950 (Newcomer, 1951; O'Neill & Hantsbarger, 1951), approximately three years after parathion was first used as an acaricide. Two other species of orchard mites, the Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McG., and T. mcdanieli McG., were subsequently reported to have developed parathion-resistant strains in the same area (Newcomer & Dean, 1953). Though parathion is lethal to most predacious mites and insects, Huffaker and Kennett (1953) found a difference in tolerance between species of Typhlodromus in the field and in the laboratory: T. reticulatus Oudms. was very susceptible to parathion whereas T. occidentalis Nesbitt was not appreciably affected by it.

BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE COAST MOLE, SCAPANUS ORARIUS ORARIUS TRUE, IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glendenning
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
River Flood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Old Females

Coast moles were studied and trapped from 1935 to 1945 at Agassiz, British Columbia. They cause economic damage in the lower Fraser Valley by injuring growing crops and by covering up to 15 per cent of the surface of a field with their hills.The moles ate almost any arthropod, annelid, or molluscan that they captured, but earthworms comprised 93 per cent of the stomach contents. Adults ate nearly twice their weight in earthworms daily, or 100–150 grams, representing more than 100 worms. The populations of moles apparently varied in proportion to those of the earthworms.The moles mated from January to early March. The young were born in March or April. Yearling females had two embryos; 2-year-old females had three; and mature females had four. Of 940 trapped during the winters, 45 per cent were over 1, and 6 per cent were over 3 years old. The average weight of mature 74 males was 74.3 ± 5.6 grams; the average weight of 30 mature females was 69.8 ± 4.1 grams.Natural control was ineffective. The disastrous Fraser River flood of 1948 lowered the numbers significantly, but recovery was rapid.Artificial controls tested included: poisons, caustic irritants, explosives, flooding, earthworm poisons, combinations of chemical fertilizers and irrigations, mechanical and chemical barriers, commercial mole destroyers, poison gases, deterrents, and traps. Only the last two were of value; crude flake naphthalene was a deterrent, and the scissors type was the most effective trap. In heavy infestations as many as three moles per man-hour were trapped. Naphthalene was expensive but protected small plots for up to 6 weeks. For economic control by trapping an area of 300 to 500 acres should be trapped in one season. Smaller areas are quickly reinfested, since the moles travel up to 1 mile.

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