Changes in the bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of an old field site in southern Ontario, revisited after 34 years

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Grixti ◽  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Community Change ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Community Similarity ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Compare And Contrast

AbstractWe investigated changes in a wild bee community by repeating a detailed historical study of bee biodiversity in Ontario. In 1968 and 1969 (period 1), an inventory of bee species was taken from an old field habitat in southern Ontario. We resampled the bee fauna in 2002 and 2003 (period 2), following the same methods. Bee species richness, diversity, and evenness were significantly greater in period 2, and this was observed in all functional guilds except wood-nesting, pollen specialist, and nonnative bees. In period 2, a total of 150 bee species were found (2002, 98 species; 2003, 143 species), whereas in period 1, a total of 105 species were found (1968, 98 species; 1969, 76 species). Although 90 bee species collected in period 1 were re-collected in period 2, bee community composition was remarkably different between periods, with an estimated community similarity of only 7.5%. Changes in the bee fauna, specifically the increase in the proportions of pollen specialist and wood-nesting bees, might be best explained by changes in the habitat as a result of succession over the intervening 34 years. We compare and contrast our findings of bee community change with the published literature and discuss the possible factors driving the change.

Wild bee community change over a 26-year chronosequence of restored tallgrass prairie

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Griffin ◽  
Bethanne Bruninga-Socolar ◽  
Morgan A. Kerr ◽  
Jason Gibbs ◽  
Rachael Winfree
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Bee Community

Changes in the Summer Wild Bee Community Following a Bark Beetle Outbreak in a Douglas-fir Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel G Foote ◽  
Nathaniel E Foote ◽  
Justin B Runyon ◽  
Darrell W Ross ◽  
Christopher J Fettig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
Bee Abundance

Abstract The status of wild bees has received increased interest following recent estimates of large-scale declines in their abundances across the United States. However, basic information is limited regarding the factors affecting wild bee communities in temperate coniferous forest ecosystems. To assess the early responses of bees to bark beetle disturbance, we sampled the bee community of a Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.), forest in western Idaho, United States during a Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), outbreak beginning in summer 2016. We resampled the area in summer 2018 following reductions in forest canopy cover resulting from mortality of dominant and codominant Douglas-fir. Overall, results from rarefaction analyses indicated significant increases in bee diversity (Shannon’s H) in 2018 compared to 2016. Results from ANOVA also showed significant increases in bee abundance and diversity in 2018 compared to 2016. Poisson regression analyses revealed percent tree mortality from Douglas-fir beetle was positively correlated with increases in total bee abundance and species richness, where community response variables displayed a cubic trend with percent tree mortality. Percent reduction in canopy cover from 2016 to 2018 was also correlated with bee species richness and diversity. These findings suggest that wild bee communities may benefit from changes in forest structure following bark beetle outbreaks.

FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF PREDATION BY PHIDIPPUS AUDAX (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) ON ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH COTTON

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orrey P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Pest Species ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Phidippus Audax ◽  
Spotted Cucumber Beetle

Evidence of 58 predation events by Phidippus audax (Hentz) was obtained during 17–31 October 1986 from a 0.1 ha old field site that included cotton in the Delta of Mississippi. Three crop pest species accounted for 60% of the prey records: tarnished plant bug (TPB) (22%), spotted cucumber beetle (SCB) (22%), and three-cornered alfalfa hopper (TAH) (16%). Censuses (35) of cotton at this site indicated that the most abundant potential prey, SCB, had one of the lowest capture rates by P. audax, 1.9%. Other spiders as a group were captured at a rate of 11.4%, TAH at a rate of 10.2%, and TPB at a rate of 4.3%. Considering the total potential arthropod prey population, P. audax consumed approximately 3.3% during a 2-week period. Predation by P. audax usually occurred between 1030 and 1500 hours, with 7.6% of the P. audax population expected to be consuming prey at any one time. It is estimated that in late-season habitats P. audax may remove ca. 10% of the TPB population every 1–2 weeks.

Effect of meadow regeneration on bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) abundance and diversity in southern Ontario, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Rutgers-Kelly ◽  
Miriam H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Bee Diversity ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pan Traps ◽  
Bee Abundance

AbstractTo investigate how bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) communities repopulate habitat following severe disturbances, we compared assemblages in new, regenerating landfill sites planted in 2003, recent landfill sites planted in 2000, and control meadows relatively undisturbed for >40 years. All sites were identically sampled using pan traps and sweep netting, from early May to late September 2003, equalising collection effort among sites. In addition, we carried out five-minute aerial net samplings wherever sites contained large patches of wildflowers. We predicted that abundance and diversity of bees would be highest in recent sites and lowest in new sites. This prediction was partially supported: bees were most abundant in recent sites followed by control, then new sites, but species richness was highest (82 species) in recent sites, followed by new sites (67 species), then control (66 species). A randomisation analysis showed that there were more species than expected in new sites and fewer than expected in control sites. Differences in blossom availability likely explain differences in bee abundance and diversity among habitat regeneration levels. Overall, our results suggest that the bee community recolonised newly available sites immediately in the first year and that bee diversity and abundance increased for at least three years, subsequently declining between three and 40 years.

Effect of Seedling Age and Taproot Length on Performance of Oak

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
William R. Chaney ◽  
William R. Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Old Field ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Rooting Medium

Abstract White oak and northern red oak seedlings were planted in an old field site in Indiana and evaluated for 9 yr to determine if seedling age and initial taproot length affected growth performance. Both 1-0 and 2-0 seedlings were produced in specially designed containerized seedbeds that provided for root pruning to lengths of 23 and 30 cm through control of the level of water saturation in the rooting medium. Survival of both species was high, 95%-100%. Northern red oak growth was not significantly influenced by initial seedling age or taproot length. White oak, however, performed the best when seedlings were 2 yr old and had a 30 cm long taproot. Seedling age was the more important factor affecting growth. North. J. Appl. For. 10(4):175-178.

scholarly journals Slower CCN growth kinetics of anthropogenic aerosol compared to biogenic aerosol observed at a rural site

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 13775-13799 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Shantz ◽  
R. Y.-W. Chang ◽  
J. G. Slowik ◽  
J. P. D. Abbatt ◽  
W. R. Leaitch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Accommodation Coefficient ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Northerly Wind ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Mass Accommodation Coefficient ◽  
The Us ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract. Growth rates of water droplets were measured with a static diffusion cloud condensation chamber in May–June 2007 at a rural field site in Southern Ontario, Canada, 70 km north of Toronto. Observations were made during periods when the winds were from the south and the site was impacted by anthropogenic air from the US and Southern Ontario as well as during a 5-day period of northerly wind flow when the aerosol was dominated by biogenic sources. The growth of droplets on anthropogenic size-selected particles centred at 0.1 μm diameter and composed of approximately 40% organic and 60% ammonium sulphate (AS) by mass, was delayed on the order of 1 second compared to a pure AS aerosol. Simulations of the growth rate indicate that a lowering of the water mass accommodation coefficient from αc=1 to an average of αc=0.044 is needed (assuming an insoluble organic with hygroscopicity parameter, κorg, of zero). In contrast, the growth rate of the aerosol of biogenic character, consisting of >80% organic, was similar to that of pure AS. Simulations of the predominantly biogenic aerosol show agreement between the observations and simulations when κorg=0.05–0.2 and αc=1. Inhibition of water uptake by the anthropogenic organic applied to an adiabatic cloud parcel model in the form of a constant low αc increases the number of droplets in a cloud compared to pure AS. If the αc is assumed to increase with increasing liquid water on the droplets, then the number of droplets decreases which could diminish the indirect effect. The slightly lower κorg in the biogenic case decreases the number of droplets in a cloud compared to pure AS.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and functional trait diversity of wild bees in different urban settings

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Étienne Normandin ◽  
Nicolas J. Vereecken ◽  
Christopher M. Buddle ◽  
Valérie Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Community Gardens ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Trait Diversity ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
Functional Trait Diversity

Urbanization is one of the major anthropogenic processes contributing to local habitat loss and extirpation of numerous species, including wild bees, the most widespread pollinators. Little is known about the mechanisms through which urbanization impacts wild bee communities, or the types of urban green spaces that best promote their conservation in cities. The main objective of this study was to describe and compare wild bee community diversity, structure, and dynamics in two Canadian cities, Montreal and Quebec City. A second objective was to compare functional trait diversity among three habitat types (cemeteries, community gardens and urban parks) within each city. Bees were collected using pan traps and netting on the same 46 sites, multiple times, over the active season in 2012 and 2013. A total of 32,237 specimens were identified, representing 200 species and 6 families, including two new continental records,Hylaeus communisNylander (1852) andAnthidium florentinum(Fabricius, 1775). Despite high community evenness, we found significant abundance of diverse species, including exotic ones. Spatio-temporal analysis showed higher stability in the most urbanized city (Montreal) but low nestedness of species assemblages among the three urban habitats in both cities. Our study demonstrates that cities are home to diverse communities of wild bees, but in turn affect bee community structure and dynamics. We also found that community gardens harbour high levels of functional trait diversity. Urban agriculture therefore contributes substantially to the provision of functionally diverse bee communities and possibly to urban pollination services.

scholarly journals Disentangling the contributions of dispersal limitation, ecological drift, and ecological filtering to wild bee community assembly

Ecosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e01650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. K. Sydenham ◽  
Stein R. Moe ◽  
Michael Kuhlmann ◽  
Simon G. Potts ◽  
Stuart P. M. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Ecological Filtering ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Ecological Drift

Patterns and drivers of wild bee community assembly in a Mediterranean IUCN important plant area

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achik Dorchin ◽  
Amots Dafni ◽  
Ido Izhaki ◽  
Yuval Sapir ◽  
Nicolas J. Vereecken
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Bee Community

Mortality patterns for a population of burrowing wolf spiders, Geolycosa domifex (Hancock), living in southern Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2758-2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Dependent Mortality

A population of burrowing wolf spiders, Geolycosa domifex (Hancock), was studied near Toronto, Ontario, between 1974 and 1979. Some preliminary life history and mortality information for this population has been published previously by D. J. McQueen. In the paper that follows, these results are updated and additional data pertaining to density-dependent mortality and the effects of the parasite Pterodontia flavipes Grey are presented. At the Uxbridge field site, the maximum life span for G. domifex was 3 years and they were semelparous. On average, the wasp Anoplius relativus (Fox) killed 18.7% of the population at age 24 months and >98% of the female spiders after they had reproduced at age 36 months. The acrocerid fly, P. flavipes killed 40.4% of the population at age 22 months and an average of 17.5% of the population at age 34 months (before reproduction). Younger spiders were not killed by either A. relativus or P. flavipes. An analysis of survivorship with respect to burrow spacing suggested that there was no density-dependent mortality.

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