Combining the use of trap crops and insecticide sprays to control the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in strawberry (Rosaceae) fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dumont ◽  
C. Provost
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

AbstractThe tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), causes severe damages in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier; Rosaceae) fields in Québec, Canada. Currently, only chemical insecticides successfully control that major pest. Lygus lineolaris aggregate in trap crops such as buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; Polygonaceae) and white mustard (Sinapis alba Linnaeus; Brassicaceae) but do not remain long enough on these plants to significantly reduce damages on strawberries. However, the attractiveness of the trap crop gives the opportunity to gather L. lineolaris in an area of the field where chemical treatments could be applied more efficiently. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the combination of trap crop (buckwheat and white mustard) and chemical treatments to control L. lineolaris. Randomised complete-block design included treatment with either no trap crop, buckwheat, or white mustard row planted close to strawberry plants. Half blocks were treated with insecticide (cypermethrin) sprayed on strawberry plants (in treatment without trap crop) or directly on trap crop. We found that L. lineolaris was more abundant on buckwheat than on white mustard or strawberry plants. Insecticide application on trap crops reduced the population on these hosts, but did not reduce L. lineolaris on adjacent strawberry plants. Behavioural avoidance and physiological pesticide resistance could explain this result.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Current Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Thresholds in Transgenic MON 88702 Cotton Expressing the Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 Trait

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
J C Corbin ◽  
T B Towles ◽  
W D Crow ◽  
A L Catchot ◽  
D R Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern United States ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Current Action ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Current Threshold ◽  
Action Thresholds ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Recommended Action

Abstract The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is an important pest of cotton in many areas of the southern United States. An experiment was conducted at two locations in Mississippi during 2016 and 2017 to evaluate action thresholds for tarnished plant bug on a novel Bacillus thuringiensis cotton that expresses the Cry51Aa2.834_16 toxin. Treatments included the current action threshold, a 2× threshold, and treatments where insecticides were only applied during the early season (preflower) or only during late season (during flowering) based on the current action thresholds. These were compared to an untreated control and a weekly insecticide use regime that received weekly insecticide sprays. All treatments were imposed on both Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 cotton and a nontraited cotton. The Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 trait reduced the number of tarnished plant bugs and injury, and improved yields compared to nontraited cotton. For all spray treatments except the weekly insecticide use regime, yields were greater for the Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton than the nontraited cotton. In terms of thresholds, Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 cotton sprayed based on current action thresholds resulted in similar yields to the weekly insecticide use regime of both cotton types. In contrast, the 2× threshold resulted in lower yields than the current threshold for both cotton types. Though thresholds intermediate to the currently recommended action threshold and the 2× threshold were not tested, these data suggest that currently recommended action thresholds appear appropriate for Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton. These results suggest that this trait will be an important component of current IPM programs in cotton where tarnished plant bug is an important pest.

Sexual attraction among Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) species

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Wardle ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Lygus Hesperus ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Major Pest

Lygus bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae), particularly the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and Lygus hesperus Knight, are serious pests in North America (Hedlund and Graham 1987). Sex pheromones have been identified in some mirids (Smith et al. 1991; Millar et al. 1997; Millar and Rice 1998) but not in Lygus spp. (Ho and Millar 2002), despite evidence that lygus bug females produce sex pheromones (Scales 1968; Strong et al. 1970; Graham 1987; McLaughlin 1996; Scott and Snodgrass 2000). Graham (1987) found that L. lineolaris and Lygus elisus Van Duzee males were attracted to females of their own and the other species but not to L. hesperus females, whereas L. hesperus males were attracted only to conspecific females. In southwestern British Columbia, Lygus shulli Knight is a major pest in such diverse sites as conifer nurseries and greenhouses (Gillespie et al. 2000). Our objective was to determine whether sexual attraction occurs in L. shulli and whether L. shulli is cross-attracted to females of two other Lygus spp.

Strawberry Cultivar Performance and Susceptibility to Tarnished Plant Bug Injury

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460d-460
Author(s):  
D.T. Handley ◽  
M.A. Schupp ◽  
J.F. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Feeding Pressure ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Twelve strawberry cultivars established in matted row plots in 1993 were treated with insecticides for tarnished plant bug or left untreated for the 1994, 1995, and 1996 seasons. `Honeoye', `Cavendish', and `Oka' had the highest yields of marketable fruit. `Jewel', `Chambly', and `Kent' had lower, but acceptable, yields. `Lateglow', `Blomidon', `Seneca, NY1424', `Settler', and `Governor Simcoe' had lower yields than other varieties. Tarnished plant bug populations were very low during the 1994 and 1996 seasons, and thus feeding pressure may have been too low for any differences in susceptibility between varieties to be expressed. In 1995, when tarnished plant bug feeding pressure was greatest, `Oka', `Cavendish', and `Honeoye' had the lowest injury levels. `Kent' and `Lateglow' had the highest levels of injury. Insecticide sprays significantly reduced the percent of injured fruit for most cultivars, but did not significantly increase the weight of marketable fruit harvested. This is due to injury being most prevalent on lower order, and thus smaller, fruit. Cultivars that produced high yields, had low injury levels, and had the least difference between sprayed and unsprayed treatments are most likely to have resistance to tarnished plant bug injury. `Oka', `Cavendish', and `Honeoye' were the most promising cultivars in this regard.

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA): MIRIDAE), ON GREEN BEANS IN QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Stewart ◽  
A. R. Khattat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractCaged microplots of “Contender” green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were artificially infested with various densities of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) to determine the effect of feeding on yield and quality, and to establish economic injury levels. Plants infested at bloom or pod set stage were more severely injured than those infested at the flower bud stage. Higher infestation levels reduced crop yield, but the percentage of crude protein in bean seeds was not affected. Based on 1975 crop values and chemical control costs, economic injury levels ranged between 0.3 and 4.4 insects/10 plants depending on crop use, chemical control, and plant stage infested.

scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

Evaluation of Trap Cropping for Control of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in a Broccoli Production System

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1864-1871
Author(s):  
S Sherbrooke ◽  
Y Carrière ◽  
J C Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Trap Cropping

Abstract Trap cropping, in which a trap crop is planted near a cash crop, has been used successfully for reducing pest damage in some agricultural systems. We used a meta-analysis of extensive data on two trap cropping systems, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), exploiting cabbage and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) exploiting maize, to show that oviposition preference for, and high larval mortality on trap crops are important indicators of effectiveness of trap cropping systems. We then evaluated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea var. juncea L. Czern.) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) and yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton) (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) as trap crops for protecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) against diamondback moth in Yuma, AZ, using planting configurations compatible with current practices for commercial production and without use of insecticides. In oviposition choice tests, both yellow rocket and Indian mustard were highly preferred over broccoli in the field. Furthermore, the number of larvae and pupae was significantly lower on yellow rocket and Indian mustard compared to broccoli, indicating relatively high mortality on these trap crops. Nevertheless, during the fall and spring growing seasons, no significant differences in the number of individuals on broccoli or proportion of broccoli crowns infested at harvest occurred between plots with trap crops relative to plots exclusively planted to broccoli. Thus, with the plant density and planting patterns used and without use of insecticides, there was no evidence that trap cropping was effective for reducing diamondback moth infestation of broccoli.

Systems Approach to Evaluate Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Management Practices in Virginia and North Carolina Cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223-2234
Author(s):  
Seth J Dorman ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Sally V Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Economically damaging infestations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), tarnished plant bug, were sporadic in Virginia and North Carolina cotton before 2010. Given the sudden rise of L. lineolaris as an economic pest in these states, regionally specific management practices (i.e., chemical and cultural control) are needed to help producers protect yield potential while minimizing input costs. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019 to 1) determine the effects of various management practices on L. lineolaris density, plant injury (i.e., square retention, internal boll injury), and lint yield, 2) calculate the economic trade-offs between integrated pest management (IPM) systems approach and current management practices for L. lineolaris in these states, and 3) evaluate economic benefits associated with various sampling thresholds. Lygus lineolaris populations peaked mid-season (i.e., August) during cotton flowering in both states. Weekly scouting and applying foliar insecticides when the current University Extension recommended economic threshold was reached was the most critical management treatment in maximizing economic returns. Additional costs among various IPM practices did not translate into significant yield protection and economic gains. Moreover, there were additional economic benefits associated with protecting glabrous and longer maturing varieties in Virginia. Lygus lineolaris density varied significantly between states; therefore, management recommendations should be modified based on the growing region. Results from this study will be used to create an IPM strategy to help cotton producers effectively manage this insect pest in the Southeast.

scholarly journals Oviposition Preference of the Cabbage Root Fly towards Some Chinese Cabbage Cultivars: A Search for Future Trap Crop Candidates

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Lamy ◽  
Laura Bellec ◽  
Amélie Rusu-Stievenard ◽  
Pauline Clin ◽  
Claire Ricono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The development of integrated pest management strategies becomes more and more pressing in view of potential harmful effects of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health. A promising alternative strategy against Delia radicum is the use of trap crops. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis and subsp. chinensis) is a highly sensitive Brassicaceae species previously identified as a good candidate to attract the cabbage root fly away from other crops. Here, we carried out multi-choice experiments both in the laboratory and in field conditions to measure the oviposition susceptibilities of different subspecies and cultivars of Chinese cabbages as compared to a broccoli reference. We found large differences among subspecies and cultivars of the Chinese cabbage, which received three to eleven times more eggs than the broccoli reference in field conditions. In laboratory conditions, the chinensis subspecies did not receive more eggs than the broccoli reference. We conclude that D. radicum largely prefers to lay eggs on the pekinensis subspecies of Chinese cabbage compared to the chinensis subspecies or broccoli. Some pekinensis cultivars, which received over ten times more eggs than broccoli in the field, appear especially promising candidates to further develop trap crop strategies against the cabbage root fly.

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