Systems Approach to Evaluate Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Management Practices in Virginia and North Carolina Cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223-2234
Author(s):  
Seth J Dorman ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Sally V Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Economically damaging infestations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), tarnished plant bug, were sporadic in Virginia and North Carolina cotton before 2010. Given the sudden rise of L. lineolaris as an economic pest in these states, regionally specific management practices (i.e., chemical and cultural control) are needed to help producers protect yield potential while minimizing input costs. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019 to 1) determine the effects of various management practices on L. lineolaris density, plant injury (i.e., square retention, internal boll injury), and lint yield, 2) calculate the economic trade-offs between integrated pest management (IPM) systems approach and current management practices for L. lineolaris in these states, and 3) evaluate economic benefits associated with various sampling thresholds. Lygus lineolaris populations peaked mid-season (i.e., August) during cotton flowering in both states. Weekly scouting and applying foliar insecticides when the current University Extension recommended economic threshold was reached was the most critical management treatment in maximizing economic returns. Additional costs among various IPM practices did not translate into significant yield protection and economic gains. Moreover, there were additional economic benefits associated with protecting glabrous and longer maturing varieties in Virginia. Lygus lineolaris density varied significantly between states; therefore, management recommendations should be modified based on the growing region. Results from this study will be used to create an IPM strategy to help cotton producers effectively manage this insect pest in the Southeast.

scholarly journals Effects of water volume rates on spray deposition and control of tarnished plant bug [Hemiptera : Miridae] in strawberry crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Panneton ◽  
A. Bélanger ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
M. Piché ◽  
M. Khelifi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insecticidal Treatment ◽  
And Control

Field experiments were performed on the effect of three volumes of application on spray deposition and insecticidal efficacy against the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) in two strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cultivars, Kent and Chambly. The rate of application of malathion was kept constant at 4.5 kg a.i. ha-1 for volumes of application of 500 and 1500 L ha-1. Plant coverage was measured using a fluorescent tracer applied at volumes of application of 500, 1000 and 1500 L ha-1. The tracer was recovered from samples taken from different plant locations and on the ground. Tarnished plant bug populations were evaluated 24 hours before and after insecticidal treatment. When coverage data were normalized for a fixed active ingredient rate, an increase in the volume of application from 500 to 1500 L ha-1 frequently had no effect on the amount of tracer recovered at the various locations. On some occasions, an increase in volume of application resulted in a decrease in the amount of tracer recovered, i.e. leaves at the top and bottom of the canopy (Kent), sepals (Kent). Tarnished plant bug population control was commercially acceptable at 500 and 1500 L ha-1.

Antennal and Behavioral Responses of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae) to Metathoracic Scent Gland Compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-He Zhang ◽  
Kamlesh R. Chauhan ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Gordon L. Snodgrass ◽  
Joseph C. Dickens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Scent Gland ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Hexyl Butyrate ◽  
Metathoracic Scent Gland ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Number Of Males

Hexyl and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrates and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal are major components of the metathoracic scent gland (MSG) secretion and aeration samples of many plant bugs (Miridae), including the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). Laboratory and field experiments were performed (1) to determine the extent to which MSG-produced compounds are detected by antennae of L. lineolaris males and females, and (2) to elucidate the behavioral activity associated with the antennally active MSG compounds. The three major MSG-produced compounds elicited strong antennal responses by both sexes. In Y-track olfactometer tests, attraction of males to virgin females was significantly reduced when a dispenser loaded with hexyl butyrate was placed with the virgin females. Hexyl butyrate tested alone against a blank control significantly repelled males. In the field, ternary and partial binary combinations of these three EAD-active compounds failed to attract either sex, whereas virgin females attracted a significant number of males. However, addition of hexyl butyrate and/or (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate to virgin female-baited traps significantly reduced the number of males caught compared with the level of the blank control traps. This might be due either to a negative effect on pheromone release by the females or direct repellency of males, or both. These MSG compounds may be useful for mating disruption and other pest management tactics against economically important plant bugs.

scholarly journals Effect of Source–Sink Ratio Manipulation on Growth, Flowering, and Yield Potential of Soybean

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Heba M. Ibrahim ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
Taoufik Ksiksi ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Source Sink

Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in soybean require resource availability manipulations. Decapitation and reducing sink strength through deflowering can affect the source–sink ratio that affects plant growth, development, and yield. The current study assesses the effect of decapitation (Decap) and removal of the two lowest racemes (R2LR) and their combination on growth, flowering, and yield capacity of soybean through controlling the source–sink ratio and inducing the “stay-green” phenotype. Two field experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019 in the Agronomy Farm located at Mansoura University, Egypt. Decapitation was done at the V4 stage (35 days after sowing, DAS), during which four nodes on the main stem had fully developed leaves beginning with the unifoliolate nodes, whereas R2LR was performed at the R2 stage (50 DAS), during which the plants had one open flower at one of the two uppermost nodes on the main stem. Results indicated that Decap, R2LR, and their combination significantly increased seed yield per plant through increasing plant growth and flowering and improving biochemical attributes. The combination between Decap and R2LR was generally more effective in positively modulating plant vegetative, reproductive, and physiological capacity than either Decap or R2LR alone. Moreover, the number of branches as well as pods/plant and IAA content responded positively to Decap, whereas net assimilation rate, seed growth rate, number of flowers/node, and cytokinins content responded positively to R2LR. Decap and R2LR were interpreted in light of their effects on inducing the “stay-green” phenotype and altering the source–sink ratio. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that concealing the apical dominance in conjunction with reducing the sink strength through guided raceme removal would be beneficial for the reproductive potential in soybean.

scholarly journals Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Fengxin Wang ◽  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Chaobiao Meng ◽  
Lifang Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) yield potential needs to be further achieved by good management practices to meet the increasing global demand. Two years of orthogonal field experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of irrigation onset criteria using soil matric potential (SMP) (−15, −25, and −55 kPa), nitrogen fertilizer rate (80, 160, and 240 kg ha−1), and plant density (20, 30, and 40 plants m−2) on quinoa growth, seed yield, weight, and protein content. Initiating irrigations at an SMP of −15 to −25 kPa achieved significantly (p < 0.05) greater seed yield (37.2 g plant−1), thousand kernel weight (2.25 g), and protein content (21.2%) than −55 kPa (25.2 g plant−1, 2.08 g, and 19.8%, respectively). The 240 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate had significantly (p < 0.05) greater thousand kernel weight (2.26 g) and protein content (21.3%) than 80 (2.07 g and 19.5%, respectively) and 160 kg ha−1 (2.14 g and 20.7%, respectively). The yield under 20 plants m−2 reached 39.5 g plant−1, which was 13.5 g plant−1 higher than 40 plants m−2 (p < 0.05). The quinoa consumed most of the available nitrogen in the soil (410–860 kg ha−1), indicating that quinoa should be part of a sound crop rotation program.

scholarly journals Life history trait differences in isolated populations of the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Lacey Williamson ◽  
Victoria Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Picoides Borealis ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Changes in life history traits can reveal adaptations to changing environments. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) are cooperative breeders that have specific reproductive habitat needs. We examined three separate sites in the southeastern United States to see how life history traits differed among isolated populations of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers from 1980 to 2013. We examined the life history traits group size, partial brood loss, number of fledglings, lay date, clutch size, and lifespan. Traits differed among sites, suggesting that populations were adapted to local conditions and different life history trade-offs were important under different environmental conditions at each site. At the two coastal sites in Florida and North Carolina, the family group sizes, lifespans, and partial brood loss were higher when compared to the inland site in North Carolina. Clutch size and number fledged were higher at the two northernmost sites when compared to the southern site. Identifying the differences in life history traits can allow more specific and effective management practices.

scholarly journals Influence of Cultural and Pest Management Practices on Performance of Runner, Spanish, and Virginia Market Types in North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bridget R. Lassiter ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Gail G. Wilkerson ◽  
Barbara B. Shew ◽  
Rick L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm

Virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) cultivars are grown primarily in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia in the US, although growers in these states often plant other market types if marketing opportunities are available. Information on yield potential and management strategies comparing these market types is limited in North Carolina. In separate experiments, research was conducted to determine response of runner, Spanish, and Virginia market types to calcium sulfate and inoculation withBradyrhizobiumat planting, planting and digging dates, planting patterns, and seeding rates. In other experiments, control of thrips (Frankliniellaspp.) using aldicarb, southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctataHowardi) using chlorpyrifos, eclipta (Eclipta prostrataL.) using threshold-based postemergence herbicides, and leaf spot disease (caused by the fungiCercospora arachidicolaandCercosporidium personatum) fungicide programs was compared in these market types. Results showed that management practice and market types interacted for peanut pod yield in only the planting date experiment. Yield of runner and Virginia market types was similar and exceeded yield of the Spanish market type in most experiments.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF NEW CROPS INTO THE FARMING ENTERPRISE USING A SYSTEMS APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 662f-662
Author(s):  
S. B. Sterrett ◽  
D. B. Taylor ◽  
C. W. Coale ◽  
J. W. Mapp
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Labor Requirements

An interdisciplinary approach had been developed to examine the production, economic, and marketing feasibility of new crops. The methodology requires the determination of yield potential and product quality, construction of production budgets, and completion of marketing window analyses. Potential for integration of new crops into the existing farm enterprise is assessed using linear programing techniques that consider labor and equipment constraints, crop rotations and best management practices. Risk analyses consider yield, production costs, and price of both new and traditional crops. By using this method, broccoli has been identified as a potential new crop for eastern Virginia, with labor requirements and slush ice availability being the major constraints to integration into vegetable production in this area.

scholarly journals Economic Analyses of Wood Chip Mill Expansion in North Carolina: Implications for Nonindustrial Private Forest (NIPF) Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Snider ◽  
Frederick W. Cubbage
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Nonindustrial Private Forest

Abstract Potential economic benefits of wood chip mills in North Carolina and likely forest management changes for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners were analyzed. The net effects of wood chip mills provided a small net stumpage price increase (1.9%) benefit to forest landowners, had very small economic welfare effects on total economic returns to timber producers and consumers (>0.1%), and had a moderate impact on reducing aggregate site preparation costs (11.6%). Discounted cash-flow analyses indicated that wood chip markets would increase returns somewhat more for pine management than for hardwood management, but the much greater sawtimber prices, especially for pines, still would favor long rotations and pine management. These analyses indicate that markets provided by wood chip mills would tend to create more harvest of pulpwood as part of existing harvests or in new timber harvests of small stands, but would not be likely to encourage clearcutting of much more valuable sawtimber stands or large-scale changes in forest management practices.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Crop Management Practices on Growth, Seed Yield and Economics of Field Pea (Pisam sativum L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Parveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Integrated Crop Management

Background: Field pea (Pisam sativum L.) has high yield potential and is grown for food, feed and vegetable. To meet the need of pulses in human diet, the use of integrated crop management practices is indispensable. Therefore, integrated crop management practices are the only option for increasing the field pea production and sustainability. The current study aimed to study the effect the different crop management practices on growth, seed yield and economics of field pea crop.Methods: In this field experiments were conducted during rabi 2013-14 to 2015-16 at Research Farm of Pulse Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment consisted of eight crop management practices viz. control, NM (Nutrient Management): RDF (20:40 kg NP ha-1), WM (Weed Management): Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAS), PM (Pest Management): spray of quinalphos 25 EC one litre per ha in 250-300 litres of water as and when required, NM + WM, NM + PM, WM + PM, NM + WM + PM was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications.Result: Our investigations under field study revealed that significantly taller plants and higher plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, seed and straw yield were recorded under integration of NM + WM + PM being at par with that of integration of NM + WM over remaining crop management practices either singly or in combinations of both or control. Integration of NM + WM + PM recorded lower weeds dry weight (42.9 kg ha-1) at harvest and higher weed control efficiency (92.2%) compared to all other crop management practices. The practice of integration of NM + WM + PM gave highest net returns of `49196 ha-1 compared to other crop management practices.

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