scholarly journals Potentiometric Response Characteristics of Membrane-BasedCs+-Selective Electrodes Containing Ionophore-Functionalized Polymeric Microspheres

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Peper ◽  
Chad Gonczy
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Polymeric Microspheres ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Response Slope ◽  
Ph Range

Cs+-selective solvent polymeric membrane-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were developed by doping ethylene glycol-functionalized cross-linked polystyrene microspheres (P-EG) into a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix containing sodium tetrakis-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) borate (TFPB) as the ion exchanger. A systematic study examining the effects of the membrane plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), and 2-fluorophenyl nitrophenyl ether (FPNPE) on the potentiometric response and selectivity of the corresponding electrodes was performed. Under certain conditions, P-EG-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) containing TFPB and plasticized with NPOE exhibited a super-Nernstian response between1×10−3and1×10−4 M Cs+, a response characteristic not observed in analogous membranes plasticized with either DOS or FPNPE. Additionally, the performance of P-EG-based ISEs was compared to electrodes based on two mobile ionophores, a neutral lipophilic ethylene glycol derivative (ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether (U-EG)) and a charged metallacarborane ionophore, sodium bis(dicarbollyl)cobaltate(III) (CC). In general, P-EG-based electrodes plasticized with FPNPE yielded the best performance, with a linear range from 10-1–10-5 M Cs+, a conventional lower detection limit of8.1×10−6 M Cs+, and a response slope of 57.7 mV/decade. The pH response of P-EG ISEs containing TFPB was evaluated for membranes plasticized with either NPOE or FPNPE. In both cases, the electrodes remained stable throughout the pH range 3–12, with only slight proton interference observed below pH 3.

scholarly journals Potentiometric Carboxylate Sensors Based on Carbazole-Derived Acyclic and Macrocyclic Ionophores

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ville Yrjänä ◽  
Indrek Saar ◽  
Mihkel Ilisson ◽  
Sandip A. Kadam ◽  
Ivo Leito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Anion Exchanger ◽  
Linear Range ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes with carbazole-derived ionophores were prepared. They were characterized as acetate sensors, but can be used to determine a number of carboxylates. The potentiometric response characteristics (slope, detection limit, selectivity, and pH sensitivity) of sensors prepared with different membrane compositions (ionophore, ionophore concentration, anion exchanger concentration, and plasticizer) were evaluated. The results show that for the macrocyclic ionophores, a larger cavity provided better selectivity. The sensors exhibited modest selectivity for acetate but good selectivity for benzoate. The carbazole-derived ionophores effectively decreased the interference from lipophilic anions, such as bromide, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate. The selectivity, detection limit, and linear range were improved by choosing a suitable plasticizer and by reducing the ionophore and anion exchanger concentrations. The influence of the electrode body’s material upon the composition of the plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane, and thus also upon the sensor characteristics, was also studied. The choice of materials for the electrode body significantly affected the characteristics of the sensors.

scholarly journals Fabrication of an All-Solid-State Ammonium Paper Electrode Using a Graphite-Polyvinyl Butyral Transducer Layer

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Irena Ivanišević ◽  
Stjepan Milardović ◽  
Antonia Ressler ◽  
Petar Kassal
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Ph Range

A planar solid-state ammonium-selective electrode, employing a composite mediator layer of graphite particles embedded in a polyvinyl butyral matrix on top of an inkjet-printed silver electrode, is presented in this paper. The effect of graphite powder mass fraction on the magnitude of the potentiometric response of the sensor was systematically verified using a batch-mode and a flow injection measurement setup. Under steady-state conditions, the paper electrode provided a Nernstian response of 57.30 mV/pNH4 over the concentration range of 10−5 M to 10−1 M with a detection limit of 4.8 × 10−6 M, while the analytical performance of the array in flow mode showed a narrower linear range (10−4 M to 10−1 M; 60.91 mV/pNH4 slope) with a LOD value of 5.6 × 10−5 M. The experimental results indicate that the prepared electrode exhibited high stability and fast response to different molar concentrations of ammonium chloride solutions. The pH-response of the paper NH4-ISE was also investigated, and the sensor remained stable in the pH range of 2.5–8.5. The potentiometric sensor presented here is simple, lightweight and inexpensive, with a potential application for in-situ analysis of environmental water samples.

scholarly journals Potentiometric Response of Solid-State Sensors Based on Ferric Phosphate for Iron(III) Determination

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Andrea Paut ◽  
Ante Prkić ◽  
Ivana Mitar ◽  
Perica Bošković ◽  
Dražan Jozić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Sulfide ◽  
Potential Change ◽  
Linear Potential ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Body Design ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
First Time

A novel ion-selective electrode with membranes based on iron(III) phosphate and silver sulfide integrated into a completely new electrode body design has been developed for the determination of iron(III) cations. The best response characteristics with linear potential change were found in the iron(III) concentration range from 3.97× 10−5 to 10−2 mol L−1. The detection limit was found to be 2.41× 10−5 mol L−1 with a slope of –20.53 ± 0.63 and regression coefficient of 0.9925, while the quantification limit was 3.97× 10−5 M. The potential change per concentration decade ranged from –13.59 ± 0.54 to –20.53 ± 1.56 for Electrode Body 1 (EB1) and from –17.28 ± 1.04 to –24 ± 1.87 for Electrode Body 2 (EB2), which is presented for the first time in this work. The prepared electrode has a long lifetime and the ability to detect changes in the concentration of iron cations within 20 s. Membrane M1 showed high recoveries in the determination of iron cations in iron(III) standard solutions (98.2–101.2%) as well as in two different pharmaceuticals (98.6–106.5%). This proves that this type of sensor is applicable in the determination of ferric cations in unknown samples, and the fact that all sensor parts are completely manufactured in our laboratory proves the simplicity of the method.

scholarly journals Selective Membrane Sensor for Aluminum Determination in Food Products, Real Samples and Standard Alloys

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Sabry Khalil ◽  
Ashraf Y. Elnaggar
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Membrane Sensor ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Electrode Response ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Selective Membrane ◽  
Ph Range

The study involves the fabrication of an aluminum liquid membrane sensor based on the association of aluminum ions with the cited reagent 2,9-dimethyl-4,11-diphenyl -1,5,8,12-tetraaza cyclote tradeca-1,4,8,11-tetraene [DDTCT]. The characteristics slope (58 mV), rapid and linear response for aluminum ion was displayed by the proposed sensor within the concentration range 2.5 × 10−7–1.5 × 10−1 M, the detection limit (1.6 × 10−7) M, the selectivity behavior toward some metal cations, the response time 10 s), lifetime (150 days), the effect of pH on the suggested electrode potential and the requisite analytical validations were examined. The suitable pH range was (5.0–8.0 ), in this range the proposed electrode response is independent of pH. The suggested electrode was applied to detect the aluminum ions concentration in food products, real samples and standard alloys. The resulting data by the suggested electrode were statistically analyzed, and compared with the previously reported aluminum ion-selective electrodes in the literature.

scholarly journals Numerical calculation and experimental study on response characteristics of pneumatic solenoid valves

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1382-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yonghua Lu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Switching Time ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Test System ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Aerodynamic Model ◽  
Set Up

In order to analyze the response characteristics of the solenoid valve in depth, the flow field of the solenoid valve is analyzed by means of the computational fluid dynamics, and the aerodynamic parameters that are difficult to be obtained by the traditional methods are obtained with software FLUENT. We also set up the mathematical model of the solenoid valve, including the aerodynamic model, the circuit model, the magnetic circuit model and the mechanical motion model. The calculation is completed in the Simulink, and the results of the calculation are analyzed. A set of the solenoid valve response characteristic test system is built, and the response characteristic parameters such as response time and maximum action frequency of the solenoid valve are tested. The experimental results are verified by comparing them with the simulation results. The final result shows that the response characteristics are basically irrelevant to the action frequency at a suitable working frequency. The open switching time of the solenoid valve decreases with the increase in the inlet pressure and the driving voltage and increases with the increase in the number of coil turns. The close switching time increases with the increase in the inlet pressure, the driving voltage and the number of coil turns.

Polymeric membrane silver-ion selective electrodes based on bis(dialkyldithiophosphates)

2000 ◽  
Vol 416 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liu ◽  
Jianhong Liu ◽  
Deyu Tian ◽  
Weiliang Hong ◽  
Xiaomin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Ion ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes

scholarly journals Potentiometric Sensors for Iodide and Bromide Based on Pt(II)-Porphyrin

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Vlascici ◽  
Nicoleta Plesu ◽  
Gheorghe Fagadar-Cosma ◽  
Anca Lascu ◽  
Mihaela Petric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Potentiometric Sensors ◽  
Iodide Ions ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

Pt(II) 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-methoxy-phenyl)-porphyrin (PtTMeOPP) was used in the construction of new ion-selective sensors. The potentiometric response characteristics (slope and selectivity) of iodide and bromide-selective electrodes based on (PtTMeOPP) metalloporphyrin in o-nitrophenyloctylether (NPOE), dioctylphtalate (DOP) and dioctylsebacate (DOS) plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes are compared. The best results were obtained for the membranes plasticized with DOP and NPOE. The sensors have linear responses with near-Nernstian slopes toward bromide and iodide ions and good selectivity. The membrane plasticized with NPOE was electrochemically characterized using the EIS method to determine its water absorption and the diffusion coefficient into the membrane.

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