The Impact of Parental Leave on Extending Training and Entering the Board Certification Examination Process: A Specialty-Based Comparison

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Rose ◽  
Christopher M. Burkle ◽  
Beth A. Elliott ◽  
Lisa F. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Board Certification ◽  
Certification Examination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Examination Process

Work-Life Balance in Italy pre-, during and post-COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Olga Rymkevich
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legislative Measures

The COVID-19 pandemic is bringing immense pressure to bear on labour law and social security institutions in all countries of the world, while having a major impact on work-life balance. The total lockdown, also of schools and higher education, the unprecedented fall in the level of production, the reduced possibility of relying on other family members, friends and domestic workers, traditionally constituting the essential pillars of formal and informal caring, in addition to working from home with children doing their schooling online (in large part on the parents’ shoulders) have compelled families to face new and abrupt organizational changes. The aim of this article is to investigate the legislative measures such as parental leave (ordinary and emergency) adopted in Italy aimed at supporting families during the pandemic, with a view to assessing their effectiveness and the impact on the Italian labour market during and after the pandemic. For this purpose, the socio-economic and legal framework dealing with parental leave before the COVID-19 emergency will be outlined, followed an the analysis of the emergency measures to provide support for parents, concluding with some reflections on possible future developments.

The impact of an unconditional parental benefit on employment of mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kurowska
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the puzzle of the disproportionately lower employment rate of mothers of toddlers with relation to the employment rate of mothers of preschool and school-age children in Estonia. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the Most Similar System Design and compares Estonia with Lithuania. The applied methods include inferential statistics and microsimulation techniques, employing the OECD Benefits and Wages Calculator, the OECD Family Support Calculator and EUROMOD – the European tax-benefit microsimulation model. Findings The comparison revealed that the overwhelming majority of the crucial aspects of socio-cultural, economic and institutional conditions were more favourable for maternal employment in Estonia than in Lithuania. This explains the higher maternal employment rates both for mothers of pre-schoolers and school-age children in Estonia. However, one particular element of the institutional context targeted to the mothers of toddlers – the unconditional parental benefit – had an entirely opposite character. This particular feature of the parental leave scheme was the only factor that could explain why the employment rate of mothers of toddlers is disproportionately lower than the employment rate of mothers of older children in Estonia and much lower than the employment of mothers of toddlers in Lithuania. Originality/value This study complements previous research by providing evidence on the relative importance of universal parental benefit schemes in the context of other country-specific conditions for maternal employment, including the availability of institutional childcare. Furthermore, the results presented show that childcare regime typologies, at least those that characterise Eastern European countries, should be more sensitive to children’s age.

Overcoming women’s isolation at work: The effect of organizational structure and practices on female managers’ workplace relationships

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110512
Author(s):  
Hwajin Shin ◽  
Soohan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Diversity Programs ◽  
The Impact

Successful career outcomes depend on maintaining positive relationships with and evaluations from supervisors and peers. Recognizing that structure frames behaviors and perceptions, this study explores the impact of organizational structure and practices on the relationships of 598 women in 298 Korean companies using longitudinal data from 2010 to 2016. The results from fixed-effects models show that corporate structure and practices shape female managers’ relationships with supervisors and peers. Gender equality practices improve relationships with both men and women. By contrast, diversity programs have negative effects on female managers’ relationships with female supervisors and peers, and work–life programs show mixed results. However, in firms with female executives and firms that encourage men to use parental leave, diversity programs and work–life practices stimulate positive relationships with both male and female supervisors and peers. This study suggests that organizational contexts, rather than intrinsic gender preferences, shape women’s relationships in the workplace.

scholarly journals Immigrants and the ‘caring father’: Inequality in access to and utilisation of parental leave in Norway

Ethnicities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-982
Author(s):  
Anne Lise Ellingsæter ◽  
Ragni Hege Kitterød ◽  
Kjersti Misje Østbakken
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Register ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
The Impact

How do parental leave rights and interacting societal structures influence immigrant fathers’ compliance with the ‘caring father’ model—typifying Nordic welfare states? Nordic parental leave schemes differ; this study investigated the impact of the Norwegian policy. Strong, stratifying effects related to access, particularly unfavourable for non-Western immigrant fathers, were demonstrated. These effects stemmed not only from the scheme being based on work performance criteria, but also from fathers’ rights being conditioned on mothers’ economic activity. Moreover, the observed gap between eligible immigrant and native-born fathers in the take-up of the father quota (the part of leave earmarked for fathers) was explored further. The gap was associated with weaker individual resources; however, ethnic labour market segregation played a significant role. The gap narrowed with the increased duration of stay of these fathers, suggesting that adaptation processes also are involved. The analysis is based on high-quality register data of all partnered men who became fathers in Norway in 2011, following them until their child was three years old in 2014.

scholarly journals Utility of intermittent online quizzes as an early warning for residents at risk of failing the pediatric board certification examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wallihan ◽  
Keely G. Smith ◽  
Mark D. Hormann ◽  
Rajesh R. Donthi ◽  
Kimberly Boland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Board Certification ◽  
Certification Examination ◽  
Online Quizzes

The Economics of Early Interventions Aimed at Child Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Berlinski ◽  
Marcos Vera-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Parenting Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

A set of policies is at the center of the agenda on early childhood development: parenting programs, childcare regulation and subsidies, cash and in-kind transfers, and parental leave policies. Incentives are embedded in these policies, and households react to them differently. They also have varying effects on child development, both in developed and developing countries. We have learned much about the impact of these policies in the past 20 years. We know that parenting programs can enhance child development, that centre based care might increase female labor force participation and child development, that parental leave policies beyond three months don’t cause improvement in children outcomes, and that the effects of transfers depend much on their design. In this review, we focus on the incentives embedded in these policies, and how they interact with the context and decision makers to understand the heterogeneity of effects and the mechanisms through which these policies work. We conclude by identifying areas of future research.

scholarly journals Using an Accountability Program to Improve Psychiatry Resident Scores on In-Service Examinations

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon T. Ferrell ◽  
William E. Tankersley ◽  
Clayton D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatry Resident ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Board Certification ◽  
Certification Examination ◽  
Examination Performance ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Academic Assignments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discontinuous Growth

ABSTRACT Background The Psychiatry Resident-In-Training Examination (PRITE) is a standardized examination that measures residents' educational progress during residency training. It also serves as a moderate-to-strong predictor of later performance on the board certification examination. Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness of an accountability program used by a public psychiatric hospital to increase its residents' PRITE scores. Methods A series of consequences and incentives were developed based on levels of PRITE performance. Poor performance resulted in consequences, including additional academic assignments. Higher performance led to residents earning external moonlighting privileges. Standardized PRITE scores for all residents (N = 67) over a 10-year period were collected and analyzed. The PRITE examination consists of 2 subscales—psychiatry and neurology. Change in the overall level of PRITE scores following the implementation of the accountability program was estimated using a discontinuous growth curve model for each subscale. Results Standardized scores on the psychiatry subscale were 51.09 points, approximately 0.50 SD change, which was higher after the accountability program was implemented. Standardized scores on the neurology subscale did not change. Conclusions An accountability program that assigns consequences based on examination performance may be moderately successful in improving scores on the psychiatry subscale scores of the PRITE. This likely has longer-term benefits for residents due to the relationship between PRITE and board certification examination performance.

scholarly journals Communication and cross-examination in court for children and adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Morrison ◽  
Rachel Forrester-Jones ◽  
Jill Bradshaw ◽  
Glynis Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
English Court ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
Examination Process

Courts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have identified children and adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) as vulnerable witnesses. The call from the English Court of Appeal is for advocates to adjust questioning during cross-examination according to individual needs. This review systematically examined previous empirical studies with the aim of delineating the particular communication needs of children and adults with ID during cross-examination. Studies utilising experimental methodology similar to examination/cross-examination processes, or which assessed the communication of actual cross-examinations in court were included. A range of communication challenges were highlighted, including: suggestibility to leading questions and negative feedback; acquiescence; accuracy; memory and understanding of court language. In addition, a number of influencing factors were identified, including: age; IQ level; question styles used. This review highlights the need for further research using cross-examination methodology and live practice, that take into consideration the impact on communication of the unique environment and situation of the cross-examination process.

Pharmacist Credentialing in Pain Management and Palliative Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Juba
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Board Certification ◽  
Certification Examination ◽  
Certificate Program ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Pharmacy Profession ◽  
American Society ◽  
Credentialing Exam

A credential is documented evidence of a pharmacist’s qualifications; while credentialing is the method used to acquire, confirm, determine, and document a pharmacist’s qualifications to practice. Voluntary credentials are important in clinical pharmacy specialties to ensure proficiency in caring for patients with complex pharmacotherapy needs. This article discusses current and future pharmacy pain management and palliative care credentialing opportunities. Pharmacists wishing to pursue voluntary pain management and palliative care credentialing may elect to take a multidisciplinary pain credentialing exam offered by the American Society of Pain Educators (ASPE) or American Academy of Pain Management (AAPM) and/or complete an American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) Postgraduate Year 2 (PGY2) pain management and palliative care pharmacy residency. A palliative care credentialing exam is not currently available to pharmacists. Efforts are underway within the pharmacy profession to standardize the board certification process, design a pain and palliative certificate program, and create a specialty pain management and palliative care board certification examination.

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