BENCH-SCALE EXTRACTION OF STILBENOIDS AND OTHER PHENOLICS FROM STORED GRAPE CANES (VITIS VINIFERA): OPTIMIZATION PROCESS, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, AND POTENTIAL PROTECTION AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE

Phenolic compounds, the most widely distributed class of natural products in the plants, show several biological properties including antifungal activity. Phenolics contained in grapes can be classified in two main groups, flavonoids and non-flavonoids compounds. Variability and yield extraction of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from different matrices of Vitis vinifera depends of cultivar, climate, soil condition and process technology. Unripe grapes, berry skins and seeds, leaves, canes and stems and not-fermented and fermented pomaces represent large reusable and valuable wastes from agricultural and agro-industrial processes. This review summarizes studies that examine the extraction method, chemical characterization, and antifungal activity of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from edible and non-edible V. vinifera matrices against human fungal pathogens. In the world, around one billion people have fungal diseases related to skin, nail or hair and around 150 million have systemic diseases caused by fungi. Few studies on antifungal activity of plant extracts have been performed. This review provides useful information for the application of V. vinifera phenolics in the field of antifungals for human use.

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Targets of Red Grapes: Oxidative Damage of DNA and Leukaemia Cells

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600115 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaouad Anter ◽

Noriluz de Abreu-Abreu ◽

Zahira Fernández-Bedmar ◽

Myriam Villatoro-Pulido ◽

Ángeles Alonso-Moraga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Tumor Cell Line ◽

Human Leukemia ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Potent Effect ◽

Potential Health ◽

Table Grapes

Vitis vinifera is a widespread crop all over the world. The biophenols present in grapes have a remarkable influence on wine quality and also confer potential health-protecting properties to this fruit. The aim of the present work was to assess the beneficial properties of skin, seeds and pulp of red table grapes (RTG) ( Vitis vinifera, Palieri Cadiz variety). Two potential beneficial activities of red table grapes (RTG) were analyzed: (i) The maintenance of genomic stability studying their genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects, and (ii) the in vitro cytotoxic effect against tumor cells of RTG components. The genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic effect was measured applying the somatic mutation and recombination test on wing imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. The cytotoxic effect was monitored using the HL60 human leukemia model to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of the different parts of RTG. The three major parts (skin, seeds and pulp) are not genotoxic. When antigenotoxicity assays were performed using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidative genotoxin, skin, seed and pulp exerted a desmutagenic effect, with seeds and skin showing the most potent effect. The cytotoxicity tests using HL60 cells indicated that only skin and pulp fractions are able to inhibit the tumor growth, with skin having the lowest IC50 (1.8 mg/mL versus 8 mg/mL of pulp). These results suggest that RTG are potent anti-mutagens that protect DNA from oxidative damage as well as being cytotoxic toward the HL60 tumor cell line.

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Combined Extract of Vitis vinifera L. and Centella asiatica Synergistically Attenuates Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Preventive Nutrition and Food Science ◽

10.3746/pnf.2020.25.2.173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 173-183

Author(s):

Se Yeong Jeon ◽

Mi Ran Kim ◽

Su Hyun Yu ◽

Min Jung Kim ◽

Kyu-Suk Shim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Human Umbilical Vein ◽

Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

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Development of 'Itália Melhorada' grapes on different rootstocks and under the semiarid conditions of the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p1867 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1867

Author(s):

Aldrin Mario Da Silva Benjamin ◽

Débora Jesus Dantas ◽

Django Jesus Dantas ◽

Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes ◽

Celso Valdevino Pommer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Degree Days ◽

Production Cycles ◽

Thermal Sum ◽

City State ◽

Semiarid Conditions

Our study was carried out in the region of Mossoró city, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), in February 2013. This experiment aimed to describe the phenology, estimate biometeorological indexes, and perform a chemical characterization of 'Itália Melhorada' grapes (Vitis vinifera L) grafted on three different rootstocks (cultivars: IAC 313, IAC572, and IAC766), during two production cycles and under semiarid conditions. The first cycle lasted 115 days, with a pruning performed on 04/19/2013; yet the second lasted 111 days, with a pruning on 09/25/2013. In the first cycle, the thermal sum required was 1258.27 DD (degree days), while in the second, it was 1290.50 DD. The Heliothermic Geslin Index (HGI) observed in the first cycle was 352.84 and, in the second, it was 371.17. The rootstocks had no influence on the evaluated factors (phenology, TTA, TSS, and STT/ TTA) in either of the two cycles, therefore, all the tested rootstocks can be used indistinctly, but still, the analysis revealed differences from one cycle to another in terms of TSS and TSS / TTA of berries.

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Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100664 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 184-185

Author(s):

O. T. Minick ◽

E. Orfei ◽

F. Volini ◽

G. Kent

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Kupffer Cells ◽

Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽

Common Type ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Fragments ◽

Reticulo Endothelial System ◽

Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

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The Possibilities for Analytical Methods in Photoemission and Low-Energy Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100180495 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 348-349

Author(s):

Ernst Bauer

Keyword(s):

Chemical Characterization ◽

Emission Angle ◽

Relative Energy ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Chemical Information ◽

Magnetic Lens ◽

Incident Intensity ◽

X Ray ◽

Leed Pattern ◽

Image Position

One of the major shortcomings of conventional PEEM and of LEEM is the lack of chemical information about the surface. Although the imaging of the LEED pattern in the back focal plane of the objective lens of a LEEM instrument allows chemical characterization via the crystalline structure derived from the LEED pattern, this method fails in the absence of a characteristic LEED pattern. Direct information about the atomic composition of the surface is then needed which can be best obtained from inner shell electrons either directly by x-ray-induced photoemission (XPEEM) or by x-ray- or electron-induced Auger electron emission (AEEM). These modes of excitation and imaging can be combined with conventional PEEM and LEEM in one instrument which is presently being developed. Thus a complete structural and chemical characterization becomes possible in one instrument, with parallel detection and high resolution.In contrast to LEEM, in which up to more than 50% of the incident intensity is available for image formation, the intensity of the emitted electrons is much lower in XPEEM and AEEM and the signal is much lower than the background in AEEM. Therefore, intensity I and resolution d have to be optimized simultaneously which is best done by maximizing Q = I/d2 with respect to maximum emission angle α and relative energy distribution ε = ΔVo/V accepted by the instrument. For a well-designed magnetic lens section of the cathode lens its aberrations are determined by the accelerating field F in front of the specimen. For a homogeneous accelerating field F and a cosine emission distribution one obtains for the optimum α and ε values αo,εo a radius of the minimum disc of confusion of

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