scholarly journals Using benthic diatoms for estimating lake ecological quality: Comparing different taxonomic resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Marchetto ◽  
Tommaso Sforzi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Specific Index

The Water Framework Directive asks to all Member States of the European Union to classify the ecological quality of significant waterbodies on the basis of the biological communities they host. One of the biological communities that must be used for the ecological quality assessment is the periphytic community, mainly composed by diatoms. In Italy, diatom-based lake quality assessment is performed using a specific index, named EPI-L, based on the method of weighted averages. For each species, a trophic score and an indicator weight were calculated.  In order to reduce the complexity of the lake quality assessment, we calibrated a variant of EPI-L, using diatoms genera instead of species, and we compared the performance of these two variants in terms of correlation with the nutrient level and of different classification of each lake.

scholarly journals Using Neural Networks in Order to Analyze Telework Adaptability across the European Union Countries: A Case Study of the Most Relevant Scenarios to Occur in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10586
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Mihaela Iordache ◽  
Codruța Cornelia Dura ◽  
Cristina Coculescu ◽  
Claudia Isac ◽  
Ana Preda
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Final Layer ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Input Variables

Our study addresses the issue of telework adoption by countries in the European Union and draws up a few feasible scenarios aimed at improving telework’s degree of adaptability in Romania. We employed the dataset from the 2020 Eurofound survey on Living, Working and COVID-19 (Round 2) in order to extract ten relevant determinants of teleworking on the basis of 24,123 valid answers provided by respondents aged 18 and over: the availability of work equipment; the degree of satisfaction with the experience of working from home; the risks related to potential contamination with SARS-CoV-2 virus; the employees’ openness to adhering to working-from-home patterns; the possibility of maintaining work–life balance objectives while teleworking; the level of satisfaction on the amount and the quality of work submitted, etc. Our methodology entailed the employment of SAS Enterprise Guide software to perform a cluster analysis resulting in a preliminary classification of the EU countries with respect to the degree that they have been able to adapt to telework. Further on, in order to refine this taxonomy, a multilayer perceptron neural network with ten input variables in the initial layer, six neurons in the intermediate layer, and three neurons in the final layer was successfully trained. The results of our research demonstrate the existence of significant disparities in terms of telework adaptability, such as: low to moderate levels of adaptability (detected in countries such as Greece, Croatia, Portugal, Spain, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Italy); fair levels of adaptability (encountered in France, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, or Romania); and high levels of adaptability (exhibited by intensely digitalized economies such Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, etc.).

Development of tools for ecological quality assessment in Polish marine areas according to the Water Framework Directive. Part I - Nutrients

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Łysiak-Pastuszak ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzymiński ◽  
Łukasz Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Marine Areas

Development of tools for ecological quality assessment in Polish marine areas according to the Water Framework Directive. Part I - NutrientsAssessment of the ecological status of an aquatic environment according to the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the determination of a link between the observed status of the marine ecosystem and catchment loading as well as the establishment of criteria for ecological status definitions. This article presents the results of a study identifying links between environmental pressures in the Polish sector of the Baltic Sea and state parameters applied in the assessment of eutrophication. Strong, statistically significant correlations were found between riverine loads of nutrients and their marine concentrations even in relatively short time data series.

scholarly journals International Insertion Quality: the European Union (EU-27) Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Eduardo Terán-Yépez ◽  
Andrea Guerrero-Mora
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The One ◽  
Technological Intensity ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Qualitative Changes

.This research has a double aim. On the one hand, to introduce the International Insertion Quality (IIQ) construct. On the other hand, to present a classification of the European Union (EU-27) countries to establish which of them have a better IIQ. For this purpose, first, the IIQ construct is presented. Second, the evolution of the exports technological intensity degree of the EU-27 countries between the periods 2001-2003 and 2015-2017 is analyzed. Then, the evolution of the exports' diversification degree, both, by products and by destination markets in the same periods, is studied. This allows to observe in perspective the qualitative changes that have taken place between the two reference periods. In addition, a classification matrix of countries according to their quality of insertion in international trade is presented. The results allow arguing that Germany and France are the countries that have a higher IIQ. Also, there are nations that have a high technological content, but moderate markets diversification and/or products concentration; and other countries that have geographical and/or goods diversification, despite the fact that their exports contain a medium-low-level of technological intensity. This research allows concluding which EU-27 countries should work on their commercial policies to encourage the diversification of their exports and/or the development of products with greater technological content.

Role of hydrological and hydromorphological factors in ecological quality of medium-sized lowland streams

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
Gunta Springe ◽  
Laura Grinberga ◽  
Agrita Briede
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Lowland Streams ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Biological Quality Elements ◽  
Stream Width ◽  
Stream Depth

The development of biological communities is an important research issue regarding biological quality elements. However, it is still uncertain how different organism groups and their metrics are affected by different environmental factors. A study of high-quality sites of medium-sized lowland streams typical for Latvia (ecoregion Baltic province) was carried out with an emphasis on hydrological and hydromorphological characteristics. The investigations were carried out within the STAR project using the project designated standard methods. We found that the level of saprobity according to benthic macroinvertebrates was mainly linked with substrate type and stream depth. The trophic diatom index for diatoms on a soft substratum had a negative correlation with altitude and a positive correlation with distance from the source and also stream depth. There were no significant correlations between macrophyte trophic indices and environmental factors associated with stream hydrological conditions. The European fish index was influenced mainly by stream width and distance from the source, which agrees with the results of other researchers. In general, a direct or indirect role of hydrological and hydromorphological factors was evident in the forming of communities characterizing stream ecological quality.

Zróżnicowanie kapitału ludzkiego w województwach Polski w świetle badań własnych

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Agata Surówka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Over Time

In the economy of the 21st century one of the most important resources and factors determining the strengths and competitiveness of regions is human capital. This role in regional development has been noticed in the policy of the European Union. The article presents the results of research into the diversity of human capital in Poland. The category was determined using fifteen indicators, and their selection was dictated by the availability of data across voivodships and their comparability over time. The aim was to verify the diversity of the human capital of voivodships in Poland within the regional structure of the country. The research included an attempt to measure and take into account changes in their diversity in dynamic terms (2007–2018). The research tool was factor analysis. The results allowed the assessment and observation of differences in the classification of voivodship groups. The schooling coefficients of individual types of schools have an impact on the grouping and diversity of similar voivodships in terms of human capital. Demographic processes are particularly unfavorable in the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The dynamic approach allows us to claim that groups of objects are characterized by a different specificity. The most favorable quality of human capital was assessed in the Mazowieckie voivodeship. It was observed that the voivodships in Poland also differentiate the indicators characterizing the working and post-working age population. The goal is characterized by variability in time. Given the dynamic dimensions of the category, achieving them in a different way seems very important.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECTS PHARMACOTHERAPY AS THE BASIS OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DRUG THERAPY IN HEALTHCARE

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
R. Kh. Khafisianova ◽  
I. M. Burykin ◽  
G. N. Aleeva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
National Programs

Optimization of pharmacotherapy, as improving the quality of care is an important goal of modern medicine. The solution to this problem can be realized with the development and adoption of clear formal criteria. Using aprocess-based approach, we have developed a method for detecting defects in pharmacotherapy. We have analyzed the prospects of using this approach to research the quality of pharmacotherapy in health care and the formation of national programs to improve the quality of care.

scholarly journals CRITERIA OF THE QUALITY OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND THEIR IMPROVEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (81) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ilona Bulgakova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Proceeding ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The theoretical issues of criminal proceeding quality and its criteria, which have not been comprehensively discussed in the juridical literature of Latvia, are analyzed in this article. The purpose of the article is to represent the research on the classification of quality criteria. The objectives of the article are to analyze the quality criteria of the criminal proceeding, its types depending on the origin of the source of the criterion, on the resource used in terms of quality assessment, and also depending on the milestone or stage of the criminal proceeding. The applied research methods: the method of analysis of literature, the comparative legal method, and the method of induction

scholarly journals Grazing Potential—A Functional Plankton Food Web Metric for Ecological Water Quality Assessment in Mediterranean Lakes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Stamou ◽  
Matina Katsiapi ◽  
Maria Moustaka-Gouni ◽  
Evangelia Michaloudi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Ecological Water Quality

Grazing potential (GP, in % day−1) was estimated for the plankton communities of 13 Greek lakes covering the trophic spectrum, in order to examine its sensitiveness in discriminating different classes of ecological water quality. Lakes with high GP values exhibited high zooplankton biomass dominated by large cladocerans or/and calanoids while lakes with low GP values had increased phytoplankton biomass and/or domination of small-bodied zooplankton indicating intensive fish predation. GP successfully distinguished among ecological water quality classes (estimated using the phytoplankton water quality index PhyCoI) indicating its potential use as a metric for ecological water quality assessment. As a next step, PhyCoI index was modified to include GP as a metric in order to enhance the phytoplankton-based ecological status classification of lakes incorporating zooplankton as a supporting factor. The PhyCoIGP successfully assessed the ecological water quality in accordance with PhyCoI classification whereas it was significantly correlated with the eutrophication proxy TSISD based on Secchi Depth. Thus, we propose to use the modified phytoplankton index PhyCoIGP for monitoring the ecological water quality of lakes.

scholarly journals APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF TRADE FLOWS IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF COMMODITY EXPORT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Kovbatiuk ◽  
George Kovbatiuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
International Standard Industrial Classification

The quality of the analysis of the structure of merchandise exports depends on the groups of trade flows, according to which the study is carried out, therefore, the choice of the classification on the basis of which the analytical study of the export structure is carried out can give answers regarding the choice of the further direction of development of foreign trade. The article discusses the main approaches to the classification of trade flows, identifies their features, advantages and disadvantages. It has been determined that the most common of these are the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), Lall classification used by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTADstat) and the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISGC) or The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). The national classification of trade flows includes the Ukrainian Classification of Goods for Foreign Economic Activity (UKT FEA), compiled on the basis of the Harmonized System of Description and Coding of Goods and the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union (used in 207 countries), which promotes the closest relationship between foreign trade statistics and production statistics. Different classifications of trade flows are based on different approaches and different classification features. On the one hand, each classification should cover all groups of goods, on the other hand, show the quality component of exports. The Lall classification, which takes into account the technological complexity of exported goods, is most consistent with these two requirements. This classification is based on the available indicators of technological activity in production. It corresponds to the concept of most analysts regarding the technological rating of manufactured products. The success of a country's export directly depends on the quality of exported goods, therefore, the analysis of the structure of merchandise exports should be based on approaches that take this indicator into account.

Classification of the ecological quality of the Aysen and Baker Fjords (Patagonia, Chile) using biotic indices

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Quiroga ◽  
Paula Ortiz ◽  
Brian Reid ◽  
Dieter Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Biotic Indices
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