scholarly journals ASH FUSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS AND EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF INORGANIC ADDITIVES

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Fabrizio Corinaldesi
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Ash Fusibility ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Solid Biomass ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

<p>The increased consumption of solid biomass for energy production has raised a number of technical problems that are mainly related to the variability of the chemical-physical characteristics of feedstocks. The low melting temperature of their inorganic fraction is the main cause of these problems. In this work analysis and comparison of the thermal behaviour of ash from 20 different feedstocks highlighted that biomass materials with the same origin share similar qualitative and quantitative characteristics. A feedstock from a starch group, corn grain, was tested for the effects of four mineral additives (MgO, CaO, Ca- CO3, and SiO2) on ash deformation temperature. MgO and CaO seemed to be the most effective, raising ash melting temperature and enhancing the thermal behaviour of the feedstock. The results of supplementation of the initial corn grain, wheat straw and sunflower cake biomass demonstrated that the amount of additive to be used is a function of biomass type and can depend on its ash content.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral Additives on Fusion Behavior of Agricultural Residue Ashes during Combustion or Co-combustion with Lignite

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Despina Vamvuka ◽  
◽  
Maria Deli ◽  
Antonios Stratakis ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Initial Deformation ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Ash Fusibility ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Mineral Additives

In this work, the ash fusibility behaviour of selected agricultural residues and their blends with lignite was studied, by carrying out chemical, mineralogical, fusibility and thermogravimetric analyses and calculating slagging/fouling indicators for predicting deposition tendencies in boilers. Two additives, bauxite, and clinochlore, were used at varying amounts to reduce ash melting, followed by examining their anti-fusion mechanisms. Initial deformation and softening temperatures of biomass materials were low for combustion processes operating above 900 °C due to their high concentration in K, Na, and P compounds. When the additives were mixed with raw fuels or lignite/biomass blends, the initial deformation of ashes started at temperatures up to 340 °C higher, whereas the fluid temperature in most cases exceeded 1500 °C. Bauxite was more effective than clinochlore. The positive impact of additives was attributed to the mineralogical transformations during ashing to phases with a high melting point through reactions with K, Na-bearing minerals, or CaO of fuel ashes.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Ash Deposit Behavior during Co-Combustion of Bituminous Coal with Wood Pellets and Empty Fruit Bunches

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Yong Jeong ◽  
Lkhagvadorj Sh ◽  
Jong-Ho Kim ◽  
Byoung-Hwa Lee ◽  
Chung-Hwan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Ash Melting

In Korea, oil-palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs), which are byproducts of the crude palm-oil milling process, are among the most promising potential energy sources for power plants. However, the slagging and fouling characteristics of EFBs during combustion have not yet been fully studied. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the fundamental ash behavior of EFBs in comparison to that of wood pellets (WPs) using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) and a drop-tube furnace (DTF). Ash melting and the deposition of ash particles were investigated with traditional prediction indices at several biomass blending ratios. The results demonstrated that, as the ratio of WPs to EFBs increases, the melting temperature decreases and the slagging propensity increases because of the increased biomass alkali content. Moreover, the penetration derived using the TMA shows a higher melting peak at which rapid melting occurs, and the melting temperature distribution is decreased with increased biomass blending. Conversely, the DTF results show different phenomena for ash deposition under the same blending conditions. Blend ratios approaching 10% WP and 15% EFB result in gradual decreases in ash deposition tendencies because of the lower ash contents of the co-combusted mass compared to that of the single coal ash. Further biomass addition increases ash deposition, which is attributable to ash agglomeration from the biomass. Thus, this study demonstrates that blending ratios of 10% WP and 15% EFB provide optimal conditions for co-combustion with the selected bituminous coal. In addition, it is shown that the slagging propensity of EFB is higher than that of WP owing to its ash content and simultaneous agglomeration.

scholarly journals Thermal Properties of the Collagen of Jellyfish (Aurelia Coerulea) and their Relation to its Thermal Behaviour

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Rigby ◽  
M Hafey
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Melting Tempera Ture

It has been reported elsewhere (Rigby 1968a, 1968b) that for a number of poikilotherms sudden changes occur in physiological behaviour at temperatures which are the same as the melting temperature of their molecular collagen. A more general statement, which includes the above observations, is that the upper limit of the environmental temperature for an animal corresponds with the melting tempera. ture of its molecular collagen. A number of workers have contributed to this idea and details may be found in Rigby (1968a). It is not suggested that collagen is uniquely involved in these events, although this may be so. No doubt other body proteins are altered at the same time. The useful point is that collagen is one of the few easily prepared body proteins with a characteristic melting point, and as such can serve as an indicator in studies concerned with the temperature relation of poikilotherms. For example, animals, which can be adapted to reproduce at higher or lower temperatures than is usual for them, may produce a collagen which shows a parallel alteration in its melting temperature. Such an experiment would afford a test of the general assumption that the constitution and properties of a protein are determined only by genetic coding (see also Ruda1l1968).

Experimental Study on MSW Incineration Fly Ash Melting Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2949-2952
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Shu Zhong Wang ◽  
Zhi Qiang Wu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Hai Yu Meng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Msw Incineration ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Ash Melting

This paper studies the effects of calcium oxide and iron oxide in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash on the melting temperature of fly ash by using different samples. In addition, this paper also studied the variation of fly ash melting temperature in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere by experiment.

Characterization Copper (II) Chloride Modified Montmorillonite filled PLA Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Abu Hannifa Abdullah ◽  
Kamal Yusoh ◽  
Mohamad Faiz Mohamed Yatim ◽  
Siti Amirah Nor Effendi ◽  
Wan Siti Noorhashimah W. Kamaruzaman
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite

The thermal behaviour of polymer layered silicate nanocomposite were characterised to compare the improvement of the nanocomposite with the pristine polymer. It is known that pristine polymers have some weakness in its thermal properties especially biodegradable polymers. The approach of making the nanocomposite out of modified layered silicate and biodegradable polymer is to enhance the thermal behaviour of the biodegradable polymer. The nanocomposites were produced by solution method technique using dichloromethane as a solvent and the two types of nanoclay were used. One was modified with transition metal ion and another type of nanoclay is pristine nanoclay. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterise the structure of the nanoclay after the modification and the type of nanocomposite obtained. Melting temperature and degradation temperature of the nanocomposite were obtained by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. Decrease in both thermal degradation temperature and melting temperature of the nanocomposites were observed.

Ash Fusibility Based on Modes of Occurrence and High-Temperature Behaviors of Mineral Matter in Coals

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinye Cheng ◽  
Kexin Han ◽  
Zhenyu Huang ◽  
Zhihua Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Modes Of Occurrence ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Ash Fusibility ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Common

Complete quantitative data of the chemical (proximate, ultimate, and ash analyses) and mineral (in low-temperature ash (LTA) and various high-temperature ashes (HTA)) compositions of 21 coals were used to investigate the modes of occurrences and high-temperature behaviors of the minerals in coals and their influence on ash fusibility. The common minerals present in the low-temperature ashes (LTA) are kaolinite, quartz, muscovite, calcite, gypsum, pyrite, and siderite. The samples were divided into two groups according to the hemispherical temperature for a comparative study of the behavior of mineral matters. Results show that the average number of mineral species (ANMS) and amorphous substances (AS) in the LTAs of the two groups are essentially the same. The ANMS in both the low and high (ash fusion temperatures, AFT) ash samples go through the same tendency of a slight reduction at first, an increase, and finally, a significant reduction. As the temperature increases, the ANMS in the low-AFT ash is initially higher and then lower than the high-AFT ash, whereas the tendency of the AS is quite the opposite. The ash melting process is divided into three stages, and the AFTs are related to different degrees of the eutectic stage.

Effect of High-Efficiency Flux on the Melting Characteristics of Coal Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 3094-3097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xu Li ◽  
Zi Li Zhang ◽  
Yong Xin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Ash Melting

High-efficiency flux was developed to lower the ash fusion temperature of coal LQ and reduce the addition content in coal gasification process. The effect of high-efficiency flux on the coal ash melting temperature and mineral transformation were studied by ash fusion temperature detector and XRD (X-ray diffractometer) respectively in reducing atmosphere. Compared with limestone flux, the high-efficiency flux can decrease the coal ash melting temperature effectively with half addition content. The ash flow temperature (FT) of coal LQ can be lowered to less than 1350°C with the addition of 3% high-efficiency flux ,while limestone flux need to add more than 8% to reach to this temperature. With the high-efficiency flux added, cordierite, anorthite and Mg-Fe-Al oxide were formed at high temperature, which is the main reason to sharply decrease the ash fusion temperature.

scholarly journals High Frequency Induction Tube Furnace for Determining Ash Melting Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Igor Kurytnik ◽  
Stanisław Lis ◽  
Marcin Tomasik ◽  
Piotr Nawara
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Tube Furnace ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
High Frequency Induction

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PEAT ASH FUSIBILITY OF KIROV REGION DEPOSITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
V. A. Kuzmin ◽  
I. A. Zagrai ◽  
I. A. Desiatkov
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Ash Fusibility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Particles

The paper deals with the issues related to the effect of slagging within the steam boilers furnaces and shows the determination results on peat ash fusibility of Kirov region deposits. Fusibility properties of peat ash (temperatures of deformation, sphere, hemisphere and flow) from the four industrial areas (Dymny, Pishchalsky, Karinsky, Gorokhovsky) depending on its chemical composition are presented. Melting temperature of the mineral part of the peat, determined by GOST, is averaged and does not reflect the actual melting temperature of the individual particles in fly ash. The existence of such separate particles having a melting temperature below the average melting temperature of the ash makes it difficult to find the operating temperature of the torch to reach the minimum of the furnace slagging during peat combustion. The comparison of melting characteristics of peat ash with the reference literature data is performed. The initial slagging temperature is calculated depending on the ratio of the acidic and basic oxides in peat ash.

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