Un’etica per la salute a partire dal concetto di malattia in senso cognitivista / An ethic for health from the concept of disease in a cognitivist perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-494
Author(s):  
Antonio Scoppettuolo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Concept Of Disease ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Epochal Change ◽  
Theoretical Evolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

Un’etica della salute è possibile attraverso la ricognizione della soggettività che interpreta la malattia. Il saggio analizza l’evoluzione teoretica del concetto di malattia: dall’idea tradizionale di affezione del corpo al paradigma cognitivista delle più recenti elaborazioni filosofiche e bioetiche nate in ambito anglosassone come quella del filosofo australiano Stan Van Hooft. Il concetto tradizionale, pur cercando la sede della malattia a livello organico, non mette in discussione l’unitarietà e l’integrità somatica. L’epistemologia contemporanea, a partire dalla genetizzazione, invece ha scomposto il corpo in un aggregato biologico. Questo ha prodotto un cambio epocale dello sguardo e delle pratiche mediche e dello status stesso del malato nella società post genetica. Nella difficile concettualizzazione della salute (e dunque delle caratteristiche e dei limiti della malattia) che si muove tra gli estremi del sub ottimale e dell’ottimo, l’autore prende in esame il paradigma dei 4 livelli di soggettività di Van Hooft e ne aggiunge un quinto. Il quinto livello attraverso cui la malattia viene vissuta e interpretata dalla soggettività riguarda la dimensione relazionale del soggetto, la cui assenza descrive la malattia come mancanza di libertà. I livelli di funzionamento non sono prescrittivi ma di carattere metodologico perché permettono la comprensione della dimensione della malattia. Grazie a questa conoscenza è possibile costruire anche i principi che guidano la professione medico- scientifica che dipendono dal modo in cui l’azione terapeutica è pensata per il malato. ---------- Health ethics is possible by acknowledging that subjectivity interferes with the diseases. This essay analyzes the theoretical evolution of the concept of disease: from the traditional idea of the physical disease up to the latest philosophical and bioethical theories concerning the cognitivist view born in the Anglo-Saxon world such as the studies of the Australian philosopher Stan Van Hooft. The traditional conception, even if it has been looking for the location of the disease on an organic level, has never questioned about unitarity and the somatic integrity. Whereas contemporary epistemology, from the genotyping on, has discomposed the human body into a biological aggregate. All this has produced an epochal change of view both of the medical practices and of the clinical status of the patients in the post-genetic society. In the difficult conceptualization of health and consequently of the features and limitations of the diseases between suboptimal and optimal extremes, the author examines the paradigm of the 4 levels of subjectivity by Van Hooft and adds a fifth one to them. The fifth level, through which the disease is experienced and interpreted by the subjectivity, concerns the relational aspect of the subject, whose absence defines the disease as lack of freedom. The operating levels are not prescriptive but of methodological type because they allow to understand the extent of the disease. Thanks to this knowledge it is also possible to state the medical-scientific guidelines of the profession depending on how the therapeutic action on the patient is conceived.

Cristóbal Balenciaga. Explorations in Traditional Spanish Aesthetics

Costume ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Ana Balda Arana
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Religious Iconography

This article investigates how the traditional attire and religious iconography of Cristóbal Balenciaga's (1895–1972) country of origin inspired his designs. The arguments presented here build on what has already been established on the subject, provide new data regarding the cultural context that informed the couturier's creative process (with which the Anglo-Saxon world is less familiar) and conclude by investigating the reasons and timing of his exploration of these fields. They suggest why this Spanish influence is present in his innovations in the 1950s and 1960s and go beyond clichéd interpretations of the ruffles of flamenco dress and bullfighters’ jackets. The findings derive from research for the author's doctoral thesis and her curatorial contribution to the exhibition Coal and Velvet. Balenciaga and Ortiz Echagüe. Views on the Popular Costume (Balenciaga Museum, Getaria, Spain, 7 October 2016–7 May 2017).

scholarly journals A retrospective analysis and literature review of neoplastic appendiceal mucinous lesions

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Matias-García ◽  
Fernando Mendoza-Moreno ◽  
Ana Blasco-Martínez ◽  
José Ignacio Busteros-Moraza ◽  
Manuel Diez-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chronic Abdominal Pain ◽  
Tumour Type ◽  
Appendiceal Neoplasm ◽  
Appendiceal Neoplasms ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Background At present, the term mucocele is outdated, and mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is preferred. Mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is an uncommon pathology that occurs predominantly in middle-aged women. Its classification and management have been the subject of debate in recent decades. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, clinical management and survival of these tumours diagnosed in our centre in the last 10 years. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal neoplasms between 2009 and 2018 in our centre. Variables such as sex, age, tumour type, clinical status, diagnosis, treatment and survival were collected. All data were analysed using the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistic® version 25. Results Twenty-nine patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal neoplasm were identified, and 24 corresponded to neoplastic appendiceal mucinous lesions (85.7%). The average age was 59.7 ± 17.6 years. Most patients were women (15 cases; 62.5%). Most of them presented with chronic abdominal pain (37.5%), and the diagnosis was performed by computed tomography (CT) (50%). The treatment was surgical in all cases. The surgical technique depended on the findings and histology of the tumour. Conclusion Mucinous appendiceal neoplasms are an uncommon entity, and their pathological classification and management have recently changed.

The Anglian collection of royal genealogies and regnal lists

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Dumville
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
British Library ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This collection of Old English royal records is found in four manuscripts: London, British Library, Cotton Vespasian B. vi; London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius B. v, vol. 1; Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 183; and Rochester, Cathedral Library, A. 3. 5. The present paper aims both to provide an accurate, accessible edition of the texts in the first three of these manuscripts and to discuss the development of the collection from its origin to the stages represented by the extant versions. We owe to Kenneth Sisam most of our knowledge of the history of the Anglo-Saxon genealogies. Although his closely argued discussion remains the basis for any approach to these sources, it lacks the essential aid to comprehension, the texts themselves. It is perhaps this omission, as much as the difficulty of the subject and the undoubted accuracy of many of his conclusions, that has occasioned the neglect from which the texts have suffered in recent years.

scholarly journals The Absurd Man in camusiana philosophy and poetry drummondiana: language as a source of (trans)formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Sara De Castro Cândido ◽  
Nàvia Regina Ribeiro da Costa ◽  
Ruzileide Epifânio Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Carlos Drummond De Andrade ◽  
The World ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
The Subject

This article seeks to an approach between the poetry of Carlos Drummond de Andrade, in Feeling of the world (1940), and the philosophy of Albert Camus, in The Myth of Sisyphus - the work of art as adventure of a spiritual destiny (2012), for, to think through by the language praticed by Drummond in two poems – Poem of necessity and Holding hands –, the be in the world and the passing of the man's condition of the being ontic to the be ontological, using also Durand (2012) and another theorists. Making use, as methodology, by the bibliographical research, and theory express of poetic text, concepts and analysis based on the phenomenological critique. Still in an interdisciplinary approach, to reflect the subject and its constitution as speech, will use theories of French line of discourse analysis (DA) and the line Anglo-Saxon (ADC), whose leading exponents are respectively, Michel Pêcheux and Norman Fairclough, relying on the concept of dialectical materialism. O Homem Absurdo na filosofia camusiana e na poesia drummondiana: a linguagem como fonte da (trans)formação Este artigo busca aproximações entre a poesia de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, em Sentimento do Mundo (1940), e a filosofia de Albert Camus, em O mito de Sísifo – a obra de arte como aventura de um destino espiritual (2012), para, por meio da linguagem praticada por Drummond em dois poemas – Poema da necessidade e Mãos dadas –, pensar o estar no mundo e a passagem do homem da condição de ser ôntico para ser ontológico, valendo-se, também, de Durand (2012) e de outros teóricos. Utiliza, como metodologia, a pesquisa bibliográfica e expressa teorias do texto poético, conceitos e análises com base na crítica fenomenológica. Ainda, numa atitude interdisciplinar, para refletir sobre o sujeito e sua constituição como discurso, baseia-se nas teorias da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa (AD) e de linha anglo-saxã (ADC), cujos principais expoentes são, respectivamente, Michel Pêcheux e Norman Fairclough, apoiando-se na concepção do materialismo dialético.

scholarly journals Complexity of the criminal procedural legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 396-416
Author(s):  
Vesna Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the paper is a short analytic elaboration of development of criminal procedure in Bosnia & Herzegovina and its entities during the period since disintegration of former Yugoslavia till today. The goal is also presentation of the most important new law solutions which are primarily result of the influence of elements of Anglo-Saxon criminal procedure as well as presentation of proces of unification & centralization the criminal procedure at the level of Bosnia & Herzegovina state.

THE BURIAL CLUBS: OR HOW TO TURN SICK CHILDREN TO ACCOUNT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-939
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Political Satire ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Medical Gazette ◽  
Dublin Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Child's Death

The pernicious practice of killing infants to collect the insurance on their lives is vividly described in an editorial in The Dublin Medical Press of December 4, 1844.1 The editorials published in this Journal were especially noted for their fervor to correct evil medical practices and also for their biting political satire, usually directed against England. The juxtaposition of the former and latter will be apparent in the editorial excerpts below: In the last [London] Medical Gazette, we have again attention drawn to the horrible, the atrocious practice of destroying children for the purpose of obtaining money insured on their lives, or rather on their deaths. Our readers will scarcely believe us when we say it, but it seems there can be now no more doubt on the subject than there is that people were strangled by BURKE and HARE for the sake of their bodies to be sold for dissection. The plan is, to subscribe in the child's name to what is called a "burial club," a kind of "little go" insurance office, where for a penny a week a sum varying from £2 to £10is allowed on the child's death, and the same child may be entered into many clubs; so that the insurer or parent may receive as much as £5, £10, or £15 on the death of the insured infant, while the expense of interment is only about £3.A sum, as the writer says, "larger than the insurer in most cases ever previously possessd . . .

Social enterprise in Rwanda: an overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Remy Rwamigabo
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Current Governance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the context, the concept and the main types of social enterprises in Rwanda, and to present its main institutional and contextual trajectories. Design/methodology/approachThe author carried out a literature review and interviews. Six categories were identified; each one is illustrated by one emblematic case. FindingsThe paper presents the evolution of economically oriented social organizations in Rwanda, mostly under the form of cooperatives and NGOs and with inspiration from traditional forms of mutual help. The context of emergence of social enterprise in Rwanda was shaped, among other factors, by Anglo-Saxon influence. Other factors include notably the aftermath of the 1994 genocide against Tutsi, the current governance prevailing in the country and the current entrepreneurships trends. The paper also underlines the absence of research on the subject in Rwanda. Six categories of social enterprises in Rwanda and their main features have been identified and analyzed, namely, NGOs, cooperatives, informal organizations, social entrepreneurs, public/private partnerships and companies carrying out social activities. Finally, the paper analyzes the institutional and contextual trajectories of social enterprise in Rwanda. Originality/valueThe paper explores and provides insights into the specificities and the current trends of social enterprise in Rwanda with a view to fostering further analysis for several research avenues.

The Bargi Invasion of Bengal

1925 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678
Author(s):  
J. N. Samaddar
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Good Material ◽  
The Subject

Like the invasion of the Danes in England, the incursions of the Bargi in Bengal, were characterized by murder and rapine and every species of atrocity. There is, however, a good deal of difference between the two, for we have nothing comparable to the Anglo-Saxon chronicle to record the latter, and in the matter of other materials, we are sadly lacking. The Nagpur Marhattas have left no historical records. Consequently there are no Marhatta sources. Neither are there any letters in Marathi, at least to my knowledge, on the subject, as these raids were undertaken by the now defunct house of Nagpur. Mr. Hill in his Bengal in 1756–7, has given us a brief summary of the English Factory Records of Fort William, and the old records of the East India Company might, if thoroughly searched, yield good material. The time, however, demanded for this is beyond our power to afford. Besides the above and occasional references here and there, there are, of course, three ether books which can be profitably consulted for the purpose—Salimulla's Tarikh-i-Bangla, Riyazu-s-salatin, and the Seir Mutaherin. This practically exhausts our list of authorities for studying the subject, so far as they are available to the general student.

Review of periodical articles

Urban History ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-169
Author(s):  
BÄRBEL BRODT ◽  
PAUL ELLIOTT ◽  
BILL LUCKIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Geography ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Periodical Literature ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
English Articles ◽  
Medieval Archaeology ◽  
The City

Few – if any - would deny that cartography is one of the most essential disciplines within the multi-layered scope of urban history. Elizabeth Baigent pays tribute to the possibilities and problems posed by maps in her ‘Fact or fiction? Town maps as aids and snares to the historian’, Archives: The J. of the British Records Association, 29, 110 (2004), 24–37. By looking at a map of Gloucester, compiled in 1455, and two late medieval Bristol maps (one by Robert Ricart, the other by William Smith), she outlines their usefulness as well as the problems that the modern urban historian faces. Although medieval maps can clearly help to identify ‘lost’ streets, and to elucidate the town's social geography, it is essential to consider the purpose for which any individual map was drawn, the context in which it was published (and re-published) and not least the skills of the cartographer concerned. Cartography may be an essential tool for the urban historian, but there are many other tools and topics, and this year's medieval urban periodical literature again reflects the wide scope of the subject. This is especially true for the German language periodicals which tend to relate to traditionally powerful concepts rather than to recent departures. This trend largely reflects the nature of those periodicals concerned for they are almost entirely devoted to strictly local, or at most regional concerns. They are naturally home to brief essays on mainly local matters, particularly the commemoration of anniversaries of urban charters (e.g., Paul Wietzorek, ‘Zum Titelbild: 100 Jahre Stadtwappen Zons – 1904–2004’, Der Niederrhein. Die Zeitschrift des Vereins Niederrhein, 71, 1 (2004), 2–5; Paul Wietzorek, ‘Zum Titelbild: 750 Jahre Stadtrechte Grieth 1254–2004’, ibid., 71, 2 (2004), 54–5; Paul Wietzorek, ‘Zum Titelbild: 650 Jahre Stadt Dahlen (Rheindalen) 1354–2004’, ibid., 71, 3 (2004), 114–15), overviews of town histories (e.g. Eberhard Lebender, ‘Die Weizackerstadt Pyritz. Ein Gang durch die Geschichte – von der Bronzezeit bis zur Zerstörung 1945’, Pommern. Zeitschrift für Kultur und Geschichte, 42, 2 (2004), 8–17) and recent archaeological excavations (e.g., Sven Spiong, ‘Archäologische Ausgrabung an der Paderborner Stadtmauer’, Die Warte, 65, 123 (2004), 23–6; Sven Spiong, ‘Den Stiftsherren auf der Spur: Archäologische Ausgrabung nördlich der Busdorfkirche in Paderborn’, ibid., 65, 124 (2004), 9–10). Anna Helena Schubert's ‘Archäologische Untersuchungen im Bereich der “Untersten Stadtmühle” in Olpe’, Heimatstimmen aus dem Kreis Olpe, 75, 3 (2004), 195–202, is another example of local archaeological case studies. Olpe received its urban charter in 1311; in the German context such an urban charter necessarily involved fortification. Schubert is concerned whether the ‘lower mill’ which was situated outside the first urban wall was erected at the same time or at a later date than this wall, yet has to admit that despite extensive archaeological excavation this question has to remain – at least for the time – unanswered. English articles on local excavations are too numerous to be dealt with adequately in this short review. Two examples may suffice: Robert Cowie's ‘The evidence from royal sites in Middle Anglo-Saxon London’, Medieval Archaeology, 48 (2004), 201–8, looks at the evidence for palaces c. 650 – c. 850 that emerged from recent archaeological investigations in the Cripplegate area of the City and at the Treasury in Whitehall. Mary Alexander, Natasha Dodnell and Christopher Evans have published ‘A Roman cemetery in Jesus Lane, Cambridge’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 93 (2004), 67–94. 32 corpses were unearthed (three of them decapitated), and modest grave goods were found. This cemetery seems to have served a suburban settlement within the lower Roman town. Pottery assemblage indicates industrial activity. The excavation added significantly to our knowledge of the layout and scale of Roman Cambridge. Cambridge clearly remained a significant centre during the fourth century and sustained an economic and commercial role.

scholarly journals The Changing Management of Acute Bronchitis in Britain, 1940–1970: The Impact of Antibiotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Macfarlane ◽  
Michael Worboys
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Smoke Pollution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Impact

It has become commonplace in accounts of medicine in the second half of the twentieth-century to ascribe an “antibiotic revolution” to the years when penicillin became widely available from the early 1950s. However, to date there have been hardly any studies that demonstrate a major discontinuity in medical practices after mid-century, let alone that go on to specify their character. There would seem to be two key features of any “antibiotic revolution”: first and foremost that the treatment of diseases was transformed as doctors were able to cure illness caused by infections with specific drugs that eliminated causative bacteria; and second that the ambition of doctors to intervene with drugs in a number of diseases grew, as did the ability of the pharmaceutical industry to supply an increasing range of targeted and effective remedies. In this article we contribute towards an assessment of the first of these key features by discussing the changing management of acute bronchitis from the mid-1940s to the early 1960s. The disease was amongst the most prevalent and important of that period in Britain, being the single largest cause of consultations with general practitioners (GPs) through much of the 1950s. Bronchitis was also the subject of many high profile debates among doctors and health care agencies as concerns about its morbidity and mortality touched on such issues as smoke pollution, the costs of the National Health Service (NHS) and changes in the doctor–patient relationship. The evidence of contemporary studies shows that the treatment of acute bronchitis changed radically after the introduction of antibiotics, such that by the mid-1950s over 80 per cent of patients diagnosed with the condition were prescribed penicillin or another antibacterial drug—a shift that was not supported by any clinical trials or systematic evidence. How and why this change occurred are the questions we set out to answer.

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