THE BURIAL CLUBS: OR HOW TO TURN SICK CHILDREN TO ACCOUNT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-939
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Political Satire ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Medical Gazette ◽  
Dublin Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Child's Death

The pernicious practice of killing infants to collect the insurance on their lives is vividly described in an editorial in The Dublin Medical Press of December 4, 1844.1 The editorials published in this Journal were especially noted for their fervor to correct evil medical practices and also for their biting political satire, usually directed against England. The juxtaposition of the former and latter will be apparent in the editorial excerpts below: In the last [London] Medical Gazette, we have again attention drawn to the horrible, the atrocious practice of destroying children for the purpose of obtaining money insured on their lives, or rather on their deaths. Our readers will scarcely believe us when we say it, but it seems there can be now no more doubt on the subject than there is that people were strangled by BURKE and HARE for the sake of their bodies to be sold for dissection. The plan is, to subscribe in the child's name to what is called a "burial club," a kind of "little go" insurance office, where for a penny a week a sum varying from £2 to £10is allowed on the child's death, and the same child may be entered into many clubs; so that the insurer or parent may receive as much as £5, £10, or £15 on the death of the insured infant, while the expense of interment is only about £3.A sum, as the writer says, "larger than the insurer in most cases ever previously possessd . . .

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Meredith McNeill Hale
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
South Sea ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Battle Scenes ◽  
Intensive Investigation

This concluding chapter focuses on the question of circulation and impact: to what extent did De Hooghe’s satires travel beyond The Netherlands in the seventeenth century and what influence did they have on English political satire of the eighteenth century? The appearance of motifs from De Hooghe’s satires in mezzotints of c.1690 and prints on the subject of the South Sea Bubble of 1720 will be discussed as will instances in which De Hooghe’s satires were reissued in the eighteenth century. However, a comparison of this handful of examples with the liberal use of De Hooghe’s triumphal allegories and battle scenes in such distant locations as Latin America and Russia reveals one of the qualities that epitomizes political satire—its dramatic circumscription by temporal and geographical boundaries. Satire’s embeddedness in a specific political, historical, and cultural moment and its dependence upon text that often channels the idiosyncrasies of spoken language, render it difficult—often impossible without intensive investigation—to understand beyond its immediate context. This is as true for twenty-first-century satires as it was for those produced in the late seventeenth century.

scholarly journals The Changing Management of Acute Bronchitis in Britain, 1940–1970: The Impact of Antibiotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Macfarlane ◽  
Michael Worboys
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Smoke Pollution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Impact

It has become commonplace in accounts of medicine in the second half of the twentieth-century to ascribe an “antibiotic revolution” to the years when penicillin became widely available from the early 1950s. However, to date there have been hardly any studies that demonstrate a major discontinuity in medical practices after mid-century, let alone that go on to specify their character. There would seem to be two key features of any “antibiotic revolution”: first and foremost that the treatment of diseases was transformed as doctors were able to cure illness caused by infections with specific drugs that eliminated causative bacteria; and second that the ambition of doctors to intervene with drugs in a number of diseases grew, as did the ability of the pharmaceutical industry to supply an increasing range of targeted and effective remedies. In this article we contribute towards an assessment of the first of these key features by discussing the changing management of acute bronchitis from the mid-1940s to the early 1960s. The disease was amongst the most prevalent and important of that period in Britain, being the single largest cause of consultations with general practitioners (GPs) through much of the 1950s. Bronchitis was also the subject of many high profile debates among doctors and health care agencies as concerns about its morbidity and mortality touched on such issues as smoke pollution, the costs of the National Health Service (NHS) and changes in the doctor–patient relationship. The evidence of contemporary studies shows that the treatment of acute bronchitis changed radically after the introduction of antibiotics, such that by the mid-1950s over 80 per cent of patients diagnosed with the condition were prescribed penicillin or another antibacterial drug—a shift that was not supported by any clinical trials or systematic evidence. How and why this change occurred are the questions we set out to answer.

scholarly journals Child Psychiatry for Undergraduates–A Trainee's Experience in a Teaching Programme

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Margaret Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Royal Hospital ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Undergraduate Study ◽  
General Psychiatry ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Block Placement ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The University

Although the Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University of Glasgow came into being with the establishment of a Chair only in 1977, the subject had been taught to medical undergraduates since the early 60s. This was possible, even without a formal academic base, because of the long-established Scottish tradition that NHS consultants and their junior medical staff accept as a matter of course, and usually as something of a privilege, to participate in the teaching of medical students. As the Department of Child and Family Psychiatry was based in the main paediatric teaching hospital at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, it was a natural development that this should also be the location for the teaching of the specialty, and throughout its development in Glasgow this course has been a part of the final year block placement of undergraduates for instruction in child health and paediatrics. Over the years there has also been some participation in the lecture course in general psychiatry which takes place in the fourth year of undergraduate study.

Un’etica per la salute a partire dal concetto di malattia in senso cognitivista / An ethic for health from the concept of disease in a cognitivist perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-494
Author(s):  
Antonio Scoppettuolo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Concept Of Disease ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Epochal Change ◽  
Theoretical Evolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

Un’etica della salute è possibile attraverso la ricognizione della soggettività che interpreta la malattia. Il saggio analizza l’evoluzione teoretica del concetto di malattia: dall’idea tradizionale di affezione del corpo al paradigma cognitivista delle più recenti elaborazioni filosofiche e bioetiche nate in ambito anglosassone come quella del filosofo australiano Stan Van Hooft. Il concetto tradizionale, pur cercando la sede della malattia a livello organico, non mette in discussione l’unitarietà e l’integrità somatica. L’epistemologia contemporanea, a partire dalla genetizzazione, invece ha scomposto il corpo in un aggregato biologico. Questo ha prodotto un cambio epocale dello sguardo e delle pratiche mediche e dello status stesso del malato nella società post genetica. Nella difficile concettualizzazione della salute (e dunque delle caratteristiche e dei limiti della malattia) che si muove tra gli estremi del sub ottimale e dell’ottimo, l’autore prende in esame il paradigma dei 4 livelli di soggettività di Van Hooft e ne aggiunge un quinto. Il quinto livello attraverso cui la malattia viene vissuta e interpretata dalla soggettività riguarda la dimensione relazionale del soggetto, la cui assenza descrive la malattia come mancanza di libertà. I livelli di funzionamento non sono prescrittivi ma di carattere metodologico perché permettono la comprensione della dimensione della malattia. Grazie a questa conoscenza è possibile costruire anche i principi che guidano la professione medico- scientifica che dipendono dal modo in cui l’azione terapeutica è pensata per il malato. ---------- Health ethics is possible by acknowledging that subjectivity interferes with the diseases. This essay analyzes the theoretical evolution of the concept of disease: from the traditional idea of the physical disease up to the latest philosophical and bioethical theories concerning the cognitivist view born in the Anglo-Saxon world such as the studies of the Australian philosopher Stan Van Hooft. The traditional conception, even if it has been looking for the location of the disease on an organic level, has never questioned about unitarity and the somatic integrity. Whereas contemporary epistemology, from the genotyping on, has discomposed the human body into a biological aggregate. All this has produced an epochal change of view both of the medical practices and of the clinical status of the patients in the post-genetic society. In the difficult conceptualization of health and consequently of the features and limitations of the diseases between suboptimal and optimal extremes, the author examines the paradigm of the 4 levels of subjectivity by Van Hooft and adds a fifth one to them. The fifth level, through which the disease is experienced and interpreted by the subjectivity, concerns the relational aspect of the subject, whose absence defines the disease as lack of freedom. The operating levels are not prescriptive but of methodological type because they allow to understand the extent of the disease. Thanks to this knowledge it is also possible to state the medical-scientific guidelines of the profession depending on how the therapeutic action on the patient is conceived.

LII The Genesis of John Oldham's Satyrs Upon the Jesuits

PMLA ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 58 (4_1) ◽  
pp. 958-970
Author(s):  
Weldon M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
English School ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early Restoration ◽  
Literary Quality

Cursory critics of John Oldham have quite correctly noted that his Satyrs Upon the Jesuits are distinguished from the rougher popular satire of the early Restoration by their more pretentious literary quality, the generalized nature of the satire, and the greater concentration and force of the invective. But beyond noting Oldham's acknowledged indebtedness to Persius, Horace, Ben Jonson, and Buchanan's Franciscanus, such critics have been generally somewhat vague on the subject of his literary patterns. Currently accepted views seem to be divided between two theories, stressing the classical or the neo-classical elements in his work: (1) According to one view, advanced by Mr. C.W. Previté-Orton, the lurid, violent tone of the poems is derived directly from Juvenal. (2) According to the analysis of Mr. A. F. B. Clark, the direct inspiration of the Satyrs was Boileau's Le Lutrin, which Oldham was engaged in translating at the time he began their composition. It is obvious from a survey of critical comments on Oldham that no English influence has been given much consideration, and that Oldham's almost complete separation from the popular English school of political satire has been generally taken for granted.

scholarly journals A ESCOLARIZAÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS CRÔNICA OU GRAVEMENTE ENFERMAS: (in)visibilidades

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Marcos Cezar de Freitas ◽  
Cristiane Flores dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
National Data ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The University ◽  
Formación Docente

Este artigo apresenta reflexão resultante da pesquisa sobre grupos de pesquisa dedicados ao tema da escolarização de crianças crônica ou gravemente enfermas. Mais do que um levantamento de base quantitativa, o objetivo central foi o de apresentar um questionamento à estrutura universitária brasileira quanto ao lugar da questão no âmbito do tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Foram considerados aspectos históricos para possibilitar compreender a presença do tema na tradição da educação especial brasileira. Foram abordados autores, obras e categorias analíticas que têm configurado as redes e repertórios acadêmicos desse campo. O quadriênio de avaliação da CAPES foi utilizado como critério para levantar grupos de pesquisa no CNPQ e a abrangência foi nacional, uma vez que as plataformas de busca das agências de fomento à pesquisa serviram de base para obtenção de dados. As referências ao ensino de graduação e a projetos de extensão se restringiram ao Estado de São Paulo, considerando a inviabilidade de obter dados nacionais a respeito, nos limites de um único artigo. A análise demonstrou onde, o quê e quem produziu a respeito entre 2013 e 2016. Nas considerações finais a fragmentação universitária sobre o objeto foi abordada e a predominância de dados de pesquisa sobre dados relacionados à presença do tema nos universos da formação de professores e dos projetos de extensão foi analisada.Palavras-chave: escolarização; crianças enfermas; pesquisa; universidade.THE SCHOOLING OF CHRONICALLY OR SEVERELY ILL CHILDREN: (in)visibilities.AbstractThis article presents reflection resulting from research on groups dedicated to the theme of schooling of chronically or severely ill children. More than a quantitative basis survey, the main objective was to present a question to the Brazilian university structure as to the place of the issue within the tripod teaching, research and extension. Historical aspects were considered to make it possible to understand the presence of the theme in the tradition of Brazilian special education. Authors, works and analytical categories that have shaped the networks and academic repertoires of this field were approached. The CAPES evaluation quadrennium was used as a criterion to raise research groups at CNPq and the scope was national, since the search platforms of the research funding agencies were the basis for data collection. References to undergraduate education and extension projects were restricted to the State of São Paulo, considering the impossibility of obtaining national data on the subject, within the limits of a single article. The analysis showed where, what and who produced about it between 2013 and 2016. In the final considerations the university fragmentation about the object was addressed and the predominance of research data on data related to the presence of the theme in the universes of teacher education and extension projects was analyzed.Keywords: schooling; sick children; research; university.LA ESCOLARIDAD DE LOS NIÑOS CON ENFERMEDADES CRÓNICAS O SEVERAS: (in)visibilidades.ResumenEste artículo presenta una reflexión resultante de la investigación sobre grupos de investigación dedicados al tema de la escolarización de niños con enfermedades crónicas o graves. Más que una encuesta de base cuantitativa, el objetivo principal era presentar una pregunta a la estructura universitaria brasileña sobre el lugar del problema dentro de la enseñanza, investigación y extensión. Se consideraron aspectos históricos que permitieron comprender la presencia del tema en la tradición de la educación especial brasileña. Se abordaron los autores, trabajos y categorías analíticas que han conformado las redes y los repertorios académicos de este campo. Se utilizó como criterio el cuatrienio de evaluación CAPES para formar grupos de investigación en CNPq y el alcance fue nacional, ya que las plataformas de búsqueda de las agencias de financiación de la investigación fueron la base para la recopilación de datos. Las referencias a proyectos de educación y extensión de pregrado se restringieron al Estado de São Paulo, considerando la imposibilidad de obtener datos nacionales sobre el tema, dentro de los límites de un solo artículo. El análisis mostró dónde, qué y quién produjo al respecto entre 2013 y 2016. En las consideraciones finales se abordó la fragmentación universitaria sobre el objeto y el predominio de los datos de investigación sobre datos relacionados con la presencia del tema en los universos de formación docente y proyectos de extensión.Palabras clave: escolaridad; niños enfermos; investigación; universidad.

scholarly journals Stigma -5, 22, -Diene-3-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside: A new antimicrobial glycoside from Tetrapleura tetraptera

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 021-042
Author(s):  
Olajide Olutayo Olawumi ◽  
Fatokun Ayodeji Olakunle ◽  
Okwute Simon Koma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Validation ◽  
Microbial Spectrum

Indigenous medical practices have been the subject of much attention in the literature of various disciplines to date but the specificity, mode of action and clinical efficacy of most traditional plants have not been established in a manner consistent with standards of modern pharmacognosy and pharmacology. In order to find antimicrobial lead compounds and to provide scientific validation for the use of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum.& Thonn.) in traditional medicine . Extensive chromatographic separation of stem bark and leaf extracts led to the isolation of three distinct compounds. Anti-microbial spectrum of these obtained compounds revealed that stigma-5, 22, - diene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus (32 mm), Streptococcus pyrogenes (30 mm) and Candida tropicalis (30 mm). It is therefore recommended for further work for a possible development of new drugs.

"HINT OF JUGULAR AND CORDS": Beckett and Modern Medicine

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Ulrika Maude
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Subject

Beckett's writing is informed by medical practices and beliefs. While the references to medicine are often explicit, they also manifest themselves in implicit ways. The late prose and TV works, in particular, are suggestive of medical imaging technologies, which digitise and replicate the body, reproducing it as code or pixellated image. These two-dimensional fragmented images that give the subject or physician an understanding of anatomy and physiology, also virtualise the body, suggesting, often in problematic ways, its rewritability. This article explores instances of this tension in Beckett's work.

scholarly journals Health-saving technologies for improved service in private medical clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
M. I. Muslimov
Keyword(s):  
Subject Area ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The Subject

The article introduces the concept of health-saving and discusses the forms of activities aimed at preserving and improving health. We discuss current issues and concerns in medicine and the routes of addressing them through innovations in medical practices. The emphasis is placed on health-saving technologies and their prospects in the subject area.

scholarly journals Historia 2.0 — nowe media i przeszłość. Na obrzeżach socjologii pamięci

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Agata Zysiak
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Virtual Presence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Child's Death ◽  
Society Today

The article deals with the changing customs connected with the phenomenon of death that has been understood and experienced in a different way in traditional, modern and post-modern society. Today these changes appear in a new context — the Internet. Like many issues important to every individual, the subject of death has got many virtual representations. The authors have confined their analysis to three aspects of the presence of this issue on the Internet, and three types of Internet sites. They focus on: a) the blog of a man dying from cancer, that is on the experience of dying in the virtual presence of others; b) the assistance and emotional support given by Internet groups to parents in the critical situation of their child’s death; and c) the virtual cemetery as a way of commemorating our nearest and dearest. The examples under discussion show that the need for finding consolation after the death of a close person has not changed over the ages and the Internet only provides other forms of its satisfaction.

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