scholarly journals AMRmap: An Interactive Web Platform for Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Data in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Y. Kuzmenkov ◽  
Ivan V. Trushin ◽  
Alina G. Vinogradova ◽  
Andrey A. Avramenko ◽  
Marina V. Sukhorukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Smart Data ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Organizational Principles ◽  
Web Platform

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial for identifying trends in resistance and developing strategies for prevention and treatment of infections. Globally, AMR surveillance systems differ in terms of organizational principles, comprehensiveness, accessibility, and usability of data presentation. Until recently, the data on AMR in Russia were scarcely available, especially to international community, despite the fact that the large prospective multicenter surveillance in Russia was conducted and data were accumulated for over 20 years. We describe the source of data, structure, and functionality of a new-generation web platform, called AMRmap (https://amrmap.net/), for analysis of AMR surveillance data in Russia. The developed platform currently comprises susceptibility data of >40,000 clinical isolates, and the data on abundance of key resistance determinants, including acquired carbapenemases in gram-negatives, are updated annually with information on >5,000 new isolates. The AMRmap allows smart data filtration by multiple parameters and provides interactive data analysis and visualization tools: MIC and S/I/R distribution plots, time-trends and regression plots, associated resistance plots, prevalence maps, statistical significance graphs, and tables.

scholarly journals Data handling as a basis for local antimicrobial resistance surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Alina G. Vinogradova ◽  
Alexey Yu. Kuzmenkov
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Local Levels

Continuing trends of antimicrobial resistance growth require a set of countermeasures, of which antimicrobial resistance surveillance at the global, national, and local levels plays one of the most important roles. Local surveillance systems are the most significant in controlling the changes in susceptibility of microorganisms in specific settings and contribute to the necessary activities, including prevention of epidemics. This paper presents basic principles and recommendations for handling antimicrobial resistance surveillance data, provides examples of table completion and metadata quick guide. A focus is made on specific issues and problems associated with surveillance data handling and the ways to resolve those problems are proposed.

scholarly journals Trends in Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Intra-Abdominal Infections to Ertapenem and Comparators in the United States According to Data from the SMART Program, 2009 to 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3606-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle H. Lob ◽  
Krystyna M. Kazmierczak ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Meredith A. Hackel ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Smart Data ◽  
Abdominal Infections

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance inEnterobacteriaceae, including resistance to carbapenems, is increasing worldwide. However, using U.S. Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) data for 2009 to 2013, no statistically significant decreasing susceptibility trends were found overall forEscherichia coliisolates from patients with intra-abdominal infections. In the subset of isolates from community-associated infections, susceptibility to levofloxacin decreased significantly and the increasing rate of multidrug-resistantE. coliapproached statistical significance. In 2013, ertapenem, imipenem, and amikacin showed the highest susceptibility rates (≥99%) and fluoroquinolones the lowest (<70%). The 10 non-ertapenem-susceptible isolates (0.3% of allE. coliisolates) encoded one or more carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, or non-ESBL β-lactamases.

scholarly journals Reporting epidemiology of antibiotic resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ambretti ◽  
Carlo Gagliotti ◽  
Francesco Luzzaro ◽  
Paolo Malacarne ◽  
Angelo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
The Us ◽  
Resistance Data ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Critical Aspects

The aim of antimicrobial resistance surveillance is to monitor temporal trends and provide clinicians with data to define empirical treatment protocols. The surveillance methods adopted in different settings can be significantly different and, therefore, no reference can be made to a single set of standards. This paper outlines the main features of analysis and reporting of antimicrobial resistance data according to the guidelines issued by the US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and the surveillance systems adopted in Europe. In this article the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of analyses will be discussed highlighting the critical aspects to be taken into account in surveillance data reporting.

Malaria elimination in India requires additional surveillance mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Rahi ◽  
Payal Das ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
Geographic Regions

Abstract Malaria surveillance is weak in high malaria burden countries. Surveillance is considered as one of the core interventions for malaria elimination. Impressive reductions in malaria-associated morbidity and mortality have been achieved across the globe, but sustained efforts need to be bolstered up to achieve malaria elimination in endemic countries like India. Poor surveillance data become a hindrance in assessing the progress achieved towards malaria elimination and in channelizing focused interventions to the hotspots. A major obstacle in strengthening India’s reporting systems is that the surveillance data are captured in a fragmented manner by multiple players, in silos, and is distributed across geographic regions. In addition, the data are not reported in near real-time. Furthermore, multiplicity of malaria data resources limits interoperability between them. Here, we deliberate on the acute need of updating India’s surveillance systems from the use of aggregated data to near real-time case-based surveillance. This will help in identifying the drivers of malaria transmission in any locale and therefore will facilitate formulation of appropriate interventional responses rapidly.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Maria Zolfo ◽  
Wendemagegn Enbiale ◽  
Khine Wut Yee Kyaw ◽  
Meika Bhattachan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Health Organization

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, and Nepal is no exception. Countries are expected to report annually to the World Health Organization on their AMR surveillance progress through a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, in which Nepal enrolled in 2017. We assessed the quality of AMR surveillance data during 2019–2020 at nine surveillance sites in Province 3 of Nepal for completeness, consistency, and timeliness and examined barriers for non-reporting sites. Here, we present the results of this cross-sectional descriptive study of secondary AMR data from five reporting sites and barriers identified through a structured questionnaire completed by representatives at the five reporting and four non-reporting sites. Among the 1584 records from the reporting sites assessed for consistency and completeness, 77–92% were consistent and 88–100% were complete, with inter-site variation. Data from two sites were received by the 15th day of the following month, whereas receipt was delayed by a mean of 175 days at three other sites. All four non-reporting sites lacked dedicated data personnel, and two lacked computers. The AMR surveillance data collection process needs improvement in completeness, consistency, and timeliness. Non-reporting sites need support to meet the specific requirements for data compilation and sharing.

scholarly journals Different dose of new generation proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 205873842110303
Author(s):  
Wenwen Gao ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yanhui Yin ◽  
Shuwen Yu ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Eradication Rate ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clarithromycin Resistance ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
New Generation

The evidence on whether high-dose new generation proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) including rabeprazole and esomeprazole achieve a higher eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori has not been assessed. The primary comparison was eradication and adverse events (AEs) rate of standard (esomeprazole 20 mg bid, rabeprazole 10 mg bid) versus high-dose (esomeprazole 40 mg bid, rabeprazole 20 mg bid) PPIs. Sub-analyses were performed to evaluate the eradication rate between Asians and Caucasians, clarithromycin-resistance (CAM-R) strains, and clarithromycin-sensitivity (CAM-S) strains of different dose PPIs. We conducted a literature search for randomized controlled trials comparing high-with standard-dose esomeprazole and rabeprazole for H. pylori eradication and AEs. A total of 12 trials with 2237 patients were included. The eradication rate of high-dose PPIs was not significantly superior to standard-dose PPIs regimens: 85.3% versus 84.2%, OR 1.09 (0.86–1.37), P = 0.47. The high dose induced more AEs than those of the standard dose, but didn’t reach statistical significance (OR 1.25, 95% CI: 0.99–1.56, P = 0.06). Subgroup analysis showed that the difference in eradication rate of PPIs between high- and standard-dose groups were not statistically significant both in Asians (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.75–1.32, P = 0.97) and Caucasians (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.84–1.92, P = 0.26). Furthermore, there were similar eradication rates in CAM-S (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.58–2.5; P = 0.63) and CAM-R strains (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45–2.56; P = 0.87) between the standard-and high-dose groups. High and standard dosages of new generation of the PPIs showed similar H. pylori eradication rates and AEs as well as between Asian versus Caucasian populations, with or without clarithromycin-resistance. However, further studies are needed to confirm.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and gonorrhoea treatment in the Republic of Belarus, Eastern Europe, 2009–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaksandra Aniskevich ◽  
Iryna Shimanskaya ◽  
Iryna Boiko ◽  
Tatyana Golubovskaya ◽  
Daniel Golparian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
First Line ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Background Limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae are available in Eastern Europe. We investigated AMR in N. gonorrhoeae isolates in the Republic of Belarus from 2009 to 2019, antimicrobial treatment recommended nationally, and treatment given to patients with gonorrhoea. Methods N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 522) cultured in three regions of Belarus in 2009–2019 were examined. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antimicrobials was performed using Etest. Resistance breakpoints from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing were applied where available. A Nitrocefin test identified β-lactamase production. Gonorrhoea treatment for 1652 patients was also analysed. Statistical significance was determined by the Z-test, Fisher’s exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test with p-values of < 0.05 indicating significance. Results In total, 27.8% of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 24.7% to ciprofloxacin, 7.0% to benzylpenicillin, 2.7% to cefixime, and 0.8% to azithromycin. No isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, or gentamicin. However, 14 (2.7%) isolates had a ceftriaxone MIC of 0.125 mg/L, exactly at the resistance breakpoint (MIC > 0.125 mg/L). Only one (0.2%) isolate, from 2013, produced β-lactamase. From 2009 to 2019, the levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were relatively high and stable. Resistance to cefixime was not identified before 2013 but peaked at 22.2% in 2017. Only sporadic isolates with resistance to azithromycin were found in 2009 (n = 1), 2012 (n = 1), and 2018–2019 (n = 2). Overall, 862 (52.2%) patients received first-line treatment according to national guidelines (ceftriaxone 1 g). However, 154 (9.3%) patients received a nationally recommended alternative treatment (cefixime 400 mg or ofloxacin 400 mg), and 636 (38.5%) were given non-recommended treatment. Conclusions The gonococcal resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was high, however, the resistance to azithromycin was low and no resistance to ceftriaxone was identified. Ceftriaxone 1 g can continuously be recommended as empiric first-line gonorrhoea therapy in Belarus. Fluoroquinolones should not be prescribed for treatment if susceptibility has not been confirmed by testing. Timely updating and high compliance with national evidence-based gonorrhoea treatment guidelines based on quality-assured AMR data are imperative. The need for continued, improved and enhanced surveillance of gonococcal AMR in Belarus is evident.

scholarly journals Towards an integrated animal health surveillance system in Tanzania: making better use of existing and potential data sources for early warning surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeth George ◽  
Barbara Häsler ◽  
Erick Komba ◽  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Mark Rweyemamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Spatial Coverage

Abstract Background Effective animal health surveillance systems require reliable, high-quality, and timely data for decision making. In Tanzania, the animal health surveillance system has been relying on a few data sources, which suffer from delays in reporting, underreporting, and high cost of data collection and transmission. The integration of data from multiple sources can enhance early detection and response to animal diseases and facilitate the early control of outbreaks. This study aimed to identify and assess existing and potential data sources for the animal health surveillance system in Tanzania and how they can be better used for early warning surveillance. The study used a mixed-method design to identify and assess data sources. Data were collected through document reviews, internet search, cross-sectional survey, key informant interviews, site visits, and non-participant observation. The assessment was done using pre-defined criteria. Results A total of 13 data sources were identified and assessed. Most surveillance data came from livestock farmers, slaughter facilities, and livestock markets; while animal dip sites were the least used sources. Commercial farms and veterinary shops, electronic surveillance tools like AfyaData and Event Mobile Application (EMA-i) and information systems such as the Tanzania National Livestock Identification and Traceability System (TANLITS) and Agricultural Routine Data System (ARDS) show potential to generate relevant data for the national animal health surveillance system. The common variables found across most sources were: the name of the place (12/13), animal type/species (12/13), syndromes (10/13) and number of affected animals (8/13). The majority of the sources had good surveillance data contents and were accessible with medium to maximum spatial coverage. However, there was significant variation in terms of data frequency, accuracy and cost. There were limited integration and coordination of data flow from the identified sources with minimum to non-existing automated data entry and transmission. Conclusion The study demonstrated how the available data sources have great potential for early warning surveillance in Tanzania. Both existing and potential data sources had complementary strengths and weaknesses; a multi-source surveillance system would be best placed to harness these different strengths.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Gonorrhea: The Influence of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Surveillance Data on Treatment Guidelines: Alberta, Canada 2001–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Plitt ◽  
Curtiss Boyington ◽  
Karen Sutherland ◽  
Marguerite Lovgren ◽  
Peter Tilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance

scholarly journals Children against antibiotics misuse and antimicrobial resistance: assessing effectiveness of storytelling and picture drawing as public engagement approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Bernard Appiah ◽  
David Anum-Hagin ◽  
Martha Gyansa-Luterrodt ◽  
Elfreda Samman ◽  
Franklin Konadu Addo Agyeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Engagement Interventions

Background: Interventions delivered in schools have been found to be effective in improving knowledge of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among school-aged children, particularly those in high-income countries, but the evidence is largely lacking in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to design, implement and assess storytelling in one school and picture drawing in another school as engagement approaches for improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about antibiotics and AMR among schoolchildren in Ghana.  Methods: Two schools with a total population of 375 schoolchildren ages 11-15 years in Tema, a city in Ghana, participated in public engagement interventions involving storytelling in one school and picture drawing in another school. The interventions included eight weeks of engagement led by science teachers and a competition held in each school. For quantitative outcome-based evaluation, schoolchildren were randomly sampled in each school (31 in the storytelling school and 32 in the picture-drawing school). Purposive sampling was also used to select 20 schoolchildren in each school for qualitative outcome-based evaluation. Respondents completed identical knowledge, attitudes and beliefs questionnaires and were interviewed at two time points (before and at most a week) after key interventions to assess changes in antibiotics and AMR knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. McNemar test was conducted to assess statistical significance between baseline and endline scores. Framework analysis was used for analysing the qualitative data. Results: Picture drawing had more significant effects (both positive and negative) on schoolchildren’s AMR knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, whereas storytelling had a negative effect on children’s AMR knowledge and no significant impact on beliefs and attitudes.  Conclusions: Our project’s findings suggest that public engagement interventions that use picture drawing and storytelling may influence the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of schoolchildren regarding antibiotic misuse and AMR. However, modifications are required to make them much more effective.

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