scholarly journals Emotion-Abstraction Patterns and Cognitive Interventions in a Single Case of Standard Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sassaroli ◽  
Romina Brambilla ◽  
Eva Cislaghi ◽  
Roberta Colombo ◽  
Eva Cislaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Content ◽  
Cognitive Interventions

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) assumes that therapeutic change de-pends mainly on change of cognitive content, while, from a theoretical viewpoint, other processes are excluded. This study aims to explore standard CBT interventions using a model of therapeutic change that includes both emotional and cognitive processes, i.e., the therapeutic cycle model (TCM; Mergenthaler, 1985; 1996), which describes the pro-cesses of therapeutic change in terms of cycles involving both emotional arousal and ab-stract thinking activation. We classified standard CBT interventions in three main are-as: assessing, disputing, and reframing biased beliefs. In 10 individual cognitive therapy sessions with a 30-year-old patient affected by a panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA), this study aimed to explore whether cognitive interventions are not only related to abstract thinking but also to the emotional activation phases of TCM. Three inde-pendent judges assessed the presence of cognitive therapeutic interventions using the Comprehensive Psychotherapeutic Interventions Rating Scale (CPIRS; Trijsburg et al., 2002). A software program measured the TCM cognitive and emotional variables. The measures revealed significant correlations between cognitive therapeutic interventions and phases of abstract thinking activation during the therapeutic process. The results clarified the role of cognitive interventions in the therapeutic process as a useful instru-ment aimed to increase reality testing.

Beyond basic communication: The role of the mother tongue in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-892
Author(s):  
Michal Tannenbaum ◽  
Eden Har
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Understanding Emotions

Immigration is a crisis-prone, complex process, often involving the need to acquire a new language, frequently at the expense of the mother tongue. Thus, the phenomenon of immigrants requiring various forms of mental health assistance while having limited fluency in the therapist’s language is widespread. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has become a widely prevalent therapeutic approach in many countries, including countries absorbing immigrants. This article reviews case studies that relate to the use of CBT with immigrants, both in individual and group sessions, focusing on the position of the patient’s mother tongue in the process. Research has persistently shown that the mother tongue is emotionally significant—using it, being exposed to it, expressing emotions and understanding emotions expressed in it, having access to it and to memories encoded in it, and the like. Given these dimensions, it plays a potentially important role in the therapeutic process. The pivotal question, then, is whether a therapeutic process that is essentially emotional can be effective if the mother tongue is not an inherent part of it. This article addresses this issue while examining the mother tongue’s position in CBT, the therapists’ awareness of these issues, the accommodations, if any, made in this regard, the therapists’ point of view, and suggestions for improving the use of CBT with immigrants. It is written to be of relevance to a diverse audience including researchers from varied disciplinary backgrounds, therapists who work with multilingual patients (especially immigrants or members of other minority groups) or are multilingual themselves. Our aims, therefore, are to contribute to the theoretical understanding of the mother tongue’s centrality in emotional processes and to offer some practical recommendations for therapists and training institutions.

Suitability for Short-Term Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Myhr ◽  
Jeanne Talbot ◽  
Lawrence Annable ◽  
Gilbert Pinard
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Wide Range

The Suitability for Short-Term Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (SRS) defines 10 criteria to assess suitability for short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This study examines the relationships between pretreatment SRS scores and outcome of 113 patients treated with short-term CBT for a wide range of disorders. Using the reliable change index (RCI) as a measure of outcome, 65 individuals (57.5%) of the sample experienced statistically reliable improvement. Married status, employed status, female gender, and anxiety disorder as a primary diagnosis were positively correlated with posttreatment RCI. Awareness of emotion and security operations were the SRS items most strongly correlated with outcome. Also correlated were the two alliance potential items (in-session and out-of-session evidence) and the acceptance of personal responsibility for change. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis resulted in a three-variable model where married status, primary anxiety disorder, and mean SRS score accounted for 20% of the variance in RCI scores. We conclude that the SRS adds predictive value to the assessment of potential to succeed in CBT.

scholarly journals Predictors of outcome for telephone and face-to-face administered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 3205-3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stiles-Shields ◽  
M. E. Corden ◽  
M. J. Kwasny ◽  
S. M. Schueller ◽  
D. C. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Face To Face

BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be delivered efficaciously through various modalities, including telephone (T-CBT) and face-to-face (FtF-CBT). The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of outcome in T-CBT and FtF-CBT for depression.MethodA total of 325 depressed participants were randomized to receive eighteen 45-min sessions of T-CBT or FtF-CBT. Depression severity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were conducted with baseline participant demographics and psychological characteristics predicting depression outcomes, HAMD and PHQ-9, at end of treatment (week 18).ResultsThe demographic and psychological characteristics accurately identified 85.3% and 85.0% of treatment responders and 85.7% and 85.0% of treatment non-responders on the HAMD and PHQ-9, respectively. The Coping self-efficacy (CSE) scale predicted outcome on both the HAMD and PHQ-9; those with moderate to high CSE were likely to respond with no other variable influencing that prediction. Among those with low CSE, depression severity influenced response. Social support, physical functioning, and employment emerged as predictors only for the HAMD, and sex predicted response on the PHQ-9. Treatment delivery method (i.e. telephone or face-to-face) did not impact the prediction of outcome.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the predictors of improved depression are similar across treatment modalities. Most importantly, a moderate to high level of CSE significantly increases the chance of responding in both T-CBT and FtF-CBT. Among patients with low CSE, those with lower depressive symptom severity are more likely to do well in treatment.

scholarly journals Changes in Community Clinicians’ Attitudes and Competence following a Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torrey A. Creed ◽  
Margaret Ellen Crane ◽  
Amber Calloway ◽  
Thomas M Olino ◽  
Philip C. Kendall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Intensive Training

Objective: Although data suggest that knowledge of evidence-based practices (EBPs) and attitudes towards EBPs may be related, the relation between attitudes and competence in delivering EBPs has not been examined. This study examined how initial attitudes and competence relate to improvements in attitudes and competence following EBP training. Methods: Community clinicians (N=891) received intensive training in cognitive behavioral therapy skills followed by six months of consultation. Clinician attitudes were assessed using the Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale, and competence was assessed using the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale. Data was analyzed by fitting three latent change score models to examine the relationship between changes in attitudes and competence across the training and within its two phases (workshop phase, consultation phase).Results: Latent change models identified significant improvement in attitudes (Mslatent change≥1.07, SEs≤ 0.19, zs≥6.85, ps< .001) and competence (Mslatent change≥13.13, SEs≤3.53, zs≥2.30, ps<.001) across the full training and in each phase. Higher pre-workshop attitudes predicted significantly greater change in competence in the workshop phase and across the full training (bs≥1.58, SEs≤1.13, z≥1.89, p<.048, β≥0.09); however, contrary to our hypothesis, post-workshop attitudes did not significantly predict change in competence in the consultation phase (b=1.40, SE=1.07, z=1.31, p=.19, β=0.08). Change in attitudes and change in competence in the training period, the workshop phase, and the consultation phase were not significantly correlated. Conclusions: Results indicate that pre-training attitudes about EBPs present a target for implementation interventions, given their relation to changes in both attitudes and competence throughout training.

scholarly journals The Temporal Associations of Therapeutic Alliance and Manual Adherence With Depressive Symptom Change in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adult Outpatient Major Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Don ◽  
Ellen Driessen ◽  
Jaap Peen ◽  
Jan Spijker ◽  
Robert J. DeRubeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Symptom Change ◽  
Depression Change ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

Background: The therapeutic alliance is considered an important causal agent of psychotherapy efficacy. However, studies in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression have suggested that alliance might be more of a consequence rather than a cause of depressive symptom change, while adherence to CBT specific techniques was found to be associated with subsequent depression change. We aimed to add to this body of literature by assessing the temporal associations of both therapeutic alliance and manual adherence with depressive symptom change in a relatively large sample of depressed adult outpatients over the full course of CBT.Methods: Adults with a major depressive episode (n = 98) participating in a randomized clinical trial were offered 22 weeks of CBT and rated the Penn Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq-I) at weeks 5 and 22. Therapists rated their adherence to the CBT manual after each session and observers assessed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores at weeks 0, 5, 10, and 22. Linear mixed model analyses were used to assess the associations of alliance and adherence with prior and subsequent depression change.Results: HAq-I Relationship and manual adherence ratings were not significantly associated with prior nor with subsequent depression change (p > 0.14). Prior depression change was associated with the HAq-I subscale Perceived helpfulness at the end of treatment (r = 0.30, CI = 0.03–0.56, p = 0.03).Conclusion: We were not able to replicate prior depression change in CBT for depression to be associated with improved quality of the therapeutic alliance when using a more “pure” measure of the therapeutic relationship. Limitations of this study include the subjective alliance and adherence assessments. Our findings indicate the need to appropriately distinguish between the perceived helpfulness and the relationship factors when examining therapeutic alliance.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rasmussen ◽  
Angelina F. Gómez ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Associated Symptoms

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that is tailored to the unique clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is currently the psychosocial treatment of choice for BDD. Researchers have made great strides in understanding the cognitive-behavioral processes that contribute to the development and maintenance of BDD. CBT for BDD is based on this theoretical understanding and has been shown to be highly effective in reducing BDD symptom severity and associated symptoms. The key components of CBT include identifying and rationally disputing maladaptive appearance-related thoughts, and exposure with response prevention for feared and avoided situations. CBT for BDD also integrates educating the patient on the mental and behavioral processes involved in the BDD experience with mindfulness/perceptual retraining (e.g., techniques aimed at helping patients to view their appearance with a neutral, global, and aware perspective) to augment the therapeutic process. Advanced cognitive strategies are used to address negative core beliefs. Because BDD is typically characterized by poor or absent insight, motivational interviewing is often needed to overcome ambivalence towards treatment.

Treatment-Resistant Panic Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borwin Bandelow ◽  
Eckart Rüther
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Number Of Patients

AbstractA substantial number of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia may remain symptomatic after standard treatment (including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, or irreversible monamine oxidase inhibitors). In this review, recommendations for the treatment of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia who do not respond to these drugs are provided. Nonresponse to drug treatment could be defined as a failure to achieve a 50% reduction on a standard rating scale after a minimum of 6 weeks of treatment in adequate dose. When initial treatments have failed, the medication should be changed to other standard treatments. In further attempts at treatment, drugs should be used that have shown promising results in preliminary studies, such as venlafaxine. Combination treatments may be used, such as the combination of an selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a benzodiazepine. Psychological treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy have to be considered in all patients, regardless whether they are nonresponders or not. According to existing studies, a combination of pharmacologic treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy can be recommended.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Process of Improvement in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2292
Author(s):  
Anders Malkomsen ◽  
Jan Ivar Røssberg ◽  
Toril Dammen ◽  
Theresa Wilberg ◽  
André Løvgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Therapy Termination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Patients Experience

Background: There is a substantial lack of qualitative research concerning individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, we wanted to explore how patients suffering from MDD experience improvement in CBT. Method: Patients with MDD (N = 10) were interviewed at therapy termination with semi-structured qualitative interviews. The transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: We identified three elements that were relevant to the process of improvement for all patients: the therapeutic relationship, the therapeutic interventions and increased insight. There is a dynamic interrelationship and synergy between these elements that may explain why patients considered the same elements as helpful, but often in different ways and at different stages of therapy. Conclusions: Highlighting the synergies and interrelationship between the elements that patients experience as helpful, may help therapists to learn from and utilize these experiences. This is a reminder of the importance of always being attentive to the individual processes of patients.

scholarly journals SENSORY INTEGRATION VERSUS COGNITIVEBEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON BEHAVIORAL ISSUES IN LEARNING-DISABLED CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Syeda Iffat Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Behavioral Issues ◽  
Group A

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Number of studies demonstrated that children with learning disabilities suffers from emotional-behavioral problems, however neurophysiologic approaches are efficient to produce better health-related outcomes thus this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of sensory integration versus cognitive-behavioral therapy on behavioral issues of learning-disabled children. METHODOLOGY A Randomized Controlled Trial included 30 learning disabled-children, diagnosed by Psychologist on the standardized criteria, divided into Group-A (n=15) and B (n=15) where Group-A performed Sensory Integration while B performed Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for 4 weeks. Data was collected at baseline and post the intervention on Behavioral Problem Scale and Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale respectively. RESULTS Both the groups showed significant results (p<0.05), however Group-A showed marked reduction in BPS in comparison to B while CTRS was observed with slight greater improvement in Group-B than A. CONCLUSION It was concluded that sensory integration is as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy in improving behavioral problems of learning-disabled children. KEYWORDS Learning, Behavior, Children, Cognitive-Function, Disability Evaluation, Rehabilitation.

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