scholarly journals Lower Limb Joint Kinetics During a Side-Cutting Task in Participants With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Simpson ◽  
Ethan M. Stewart ◽  
Alana J. Turner ◽  
David M. Macias ◽  
Harish Chander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
3 Dimensional

Context Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate altered lower limb movement dynamics during jump landings, which can contribute to recurrent injury. However, the literature examining lower limb movement dynamics during a side-cutting task in individuals with CAI is limited. Objective To assess lower limb joint kinetics and sagittal-plane joint stiffness during the stance phase of a side-cutting task in individuals with or without CAI. Design Cohort study. Setting Motion-capture laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Fifteen physically active, young adults with CAI (7 men, 8 women; age = 21.3 ± 1.6 years, height = 171.0 ± 11.2 cm, mass = 73.4 ± 15.2 kg) and 15 healthy matched controls (7 men, 8 women; age = 21.5 ± 1.5 years, height = 169.9 ± 10.6 cm, mass = 75.5 ± 13.0 kg). Intervention(s) Lower limb 3-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were recorded while participants completed 3 successful trials of a side-cutting task. Net internal joint moments, in addition to sagittal-plane ankle-, knee-, and hip-joint stiffness, were computed from 3-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data during the stance phase of the side-cutting task and analyzed. Main Outcome Measure(s) Data from each participant's stance phase were normalized to 100% from initial foot contact (0%) to toe-off (100%) to compute means, standard deviations, and Cohen d effect sizes for all dependent variables. Results The CAI group exhibited a reduced ankle-eversion moment (39%–81% of stance phase) and knee-abduction moment (52%–75% of stance phase) and a greater ankle plantar-flexion moment (3%–16% of stance phase) than the control group (P range = .009–.049). Sagittal-plane hip-joint stiffness was greater in the CAI than in the control group (t28 = 1.978, P = .03). Conclusions Our findings suggest that altered ankle-joint kinetics and increased hip-joint stiffness were associated when individuals with CAI performed a side-cutting task. These lower limb kinetic changes may contribute to an increased risk of recurrent lateral ankle sprains in people with CAI. Clinicians and practitioners can use these findings to develop rehabilitation programs for improving maladaptive movement mechanics in individuals with CAI.

Effect of prosthetic ankle units on the gait of persons with bilateral trans-femoral amputations

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexyne L. McNealy ◽  
Steven A. Gard
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Ankle Motion

In able-bodied individuals, the ankle joint functions to provide shock absorption, aid in foot clearance during the swing phase, and provides a rocker mechanism during stance phase to facilitate forward progression of the body. Prosthetic ankles currently used by persons with lower limb amputations provide considerably less function than their anatomical counterparts. However, increased ankle motion in the sagittal plane may improve the gait of persons with lower limb amputations while providing a more versatile prosthesis. The primary aim of this study was to examine and quantify temporal-spatial, kinematic, and kinetic changes in the gait of four male subjects with bilateral trans-femoral amputations who walked with and without prosthetic ankle units. Two prosthesis configurations were examined: (i) Baseline with only two Seattle LightFoot2 prosthetic feet, and (ii) with the addition of Endolite Multiflex Ankle units. Data from the gait analyses were compared between prosthetic configurations and with a control group of able-bodied subjects. The amputee subjects' freely-selected walking speeds, 0.74 ± 0.19 m/s for the Baseline condition and 0.81 ± 0.15 m/s with the ankle units, were much less than that of the control subjects (1.35 ± 0.10 m/s). The amputee subjects demonstrated no difference in walking speed, step length, cadence, or ankle, knee, and hip joint moments and powers between the two prosthesis configurations. Sagittal plane ankle range of motion, however, increased by 3–8° with the addition of the prosthetic ankle units. Compared to the control group, following initial contact the amputee subjects passively increased the rate of energy storage or dissipation at the prosthetic ankle joint, actively increased the power generation at the hip, and increased the extension moment at the hip while wearing the prosthetic ankle configuration. The amputee subjects increased the power generation at their hips, possibly as compensation for the reduced rate of energy return at their prosthetic ankles. Results from subject questionnaires administered following the gait analyses revealed that the prosthetic ankle units provided more comfort during gait and did not increase the perceived effort to walk. The subjects also indicated that they preferred walking with the prosthetic ankle units compared to the Baseline configuration. The results of the study showed that the prosthetic ankle units improved sagittal plane ankle range of motion and increased the comfort and functionality of the amputee subjects’ prostheses by restoring a significant portion of the ankle rocker mechanism during stance phase. Therefore, prosthetic ankle mechanisms should be considered a worthwhile option when prostheses are prescribed for persons with trans-femoral amputations.

Filtering Ground Reaction Force Data Affects the Calculation and Interpretation of Joint Kinetics and Energetics During Drop Landings

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. McCaw ◽  
Jacob K. Gardner ◽  
Lindsay N. Stafford ◽  
Michael R. Torry
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Joint Moment ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Subsequent Calculation

An inverse dynamic analysis and subsequent calculation of joint kinetic and energetic measures is widely used to study the mechanics of the lower extremity. Filtering the kinematic and kinetic data input to the inverse dynamics equations affects the calculated joint moment of force (JMF). Our purpose was to compare selected integral values of sagittal plane ankle, knee, and hip joint kinetics and energetics when filtered and unfiltered GRF data are input to inverse dynamics calculations. Six healthy, active, injury-free university student (5 female, 1 male) volunteers performed 10 two-legged landings. JMFs were calculated after two methods of data filtering. Unfiltered: marker data were filtered at 10 Hz, GRF data unfiltered. Filtered: both GRF and marker data filtered at 10 Hz. The filtering of the GRF data affected the shape of the knee and hip joint moment-time curves, and the ankle, knee and hip joint mechanical power-time curves. We concluded that although the contributions of individual joints to the support moment and to total energy absorption were not affected, the attenuation of high-frequency oscillations in both JMF and JMP time curves will influence interpretation of CNS strategies during landing.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-Based Navigation in Total Knee Arthroplasty for the Management of Extra-Articular Deformity and Retained Femoral Hardware: Analysis of Component Alignment

Joints ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cozzi Lepri ◽  
Matteo Innocenti ◽  
Fabrizio Matassi ◽  
Marco Villano ◽  
Roberto Civinini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Total Knee

Abstract Purpose Recent advances in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include an accelerometer portable system designed to improve component position and alignment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether accelerometer navigation system can be a valuable option in complex TKAs for extra-articular deformity of the lower limb or in case of retained femoral hardware. Methods A group of 13 patients underwent TKA with an accelerometer navigation system. Three patients had a tibial extra-articular deformity, six had a femoral extra-articular deformity, and four had an intramedullary nail in the femur. Preoperative and postoperative mechanical axes were measured from full-length lower extremity radiographs to evaluate alignment. The alignment of prosthetic components in the frontal and sagittal planes was determined by postoperative radiographs. Results At 30-days postoperative radiographic check, the hip knee ankle angle was within 2.0° (0 ± 1) of the neutral mechanical axis. The alignment of the tibial component on the frontal plane was 90.0° (range 89–91) and on the sagittal plane 5.0° (range 3–7). The alignment of the femoral component on the frontal plane was 90.0° (range 89–91) and on the sagittal plane 3.0° (range 0–5). Conclusion The alignment of the prosthetic components has been accurate and comparable to other navigation systems in literature without any increase in surgical times. The accelerometer-based navigation system is therefore a useful technique that can be used to optimize TKA alignment in patients with extra-articular deformity or with lower limb hardware, where the intramedullary guides cannot be applied. Level of Evidence This is an observational study without a control group, Level III.

Acute exposure to foot orthoses affects joint stiffness characteristics in recreational male runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Taylor ◽  
H. Vincent ◽  
S. Atkins ◽  
J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Stiffness Characteristics

Commercially available foot orthoses are advocated for the treatment of chronic running injuries, such as patellofemoral pain, yet the mechanisms behind their effects are not well understood. This study aimed to examine the limb and joint stiffness characteristics when running with and without orthotics. Twelve recreational runners ran at 4.0 m/s. Limb stiffness was obtained using a spring-mass model of running by dividing the peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) by the amount of limb compression. Knee and ankle joint stiffness’s were calculated by dividing the peak sagittal plane joint moment by the joint angular excursion. Differences between orthotic and non-orthotic running conditions were contrasted using paired samples t-tests. The results indicate that both peak knee extensor moment (orthotic = 2.74±0.57 and no-orthotic = 3.12±0.62 Nm/kg) and knee stiffness (orthotic = 5.56±1.08 and no-orthotic = 6.47±1.40 Nm/kg rad) were significantly larger when running without orthotics. This study may give further insight into the mechanical effects of commercially available foot orthoses. The current investigation provides some evidence to suggest that orthoses may be able to improve patellofemoral pathologies in recreational runners although further investigation is required.

Lower limb joint kinetics and ankle joint stiffness in the sprint start push-off

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Charalambous ◽  
Gareth Irwin ◽  
Ian N. Bezodis ◽  
David Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Joint Kinetics

scholarly journals How Well Do Commonly Used Co-contraction Indices Approximate Lower Limb Joint Stiffness Trends During Gait for Individuals Post-stroke?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Li ◽  
Mohammad S. Shourijeh ◽  
Di Ao ◽  
Carolynn Patten ◽  
Benjamin J. Fregly
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Antagonist Muscle ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Model Based

Muscle co-contraction generates joint stiffness to improve stability and accuracy during limb movement but at the expense of higher energetic cost. However, quantification of joint stiffness is difficult using either experimental or computational means. In contrast, quantification of muscle co-contraction using an EMG-based Co-Contraction Index (CCI) is easier and may offer an alternative for estimating joint stiffness. This study investigated the feasibility of using two common CCIs to approximate lower limb joint stiffness trends during gait. Calibrated EMG-driven lower extremity musculoskeletal models constructed for two individuals post-stroke were used to generate the quantities required for CCI calculations and model-based estimation of joint stiffness. CCIs were calculated for various combinations of antagonist muscle pairs based on two common CCI formulations: Rudolph et al. (2000) (CCI1) and Falconer and Winter (1985) (CCI2). CCI1 measures antagonist muscle activation relative to not only total activation of agonist plus antagonist muscles but also agonist muscle activation, while CCI2 measures antagonist muscle activation relative to only total muscle activation. We computed the correlation between these two CCIs and model-based estimates of sagittal plane joint stiffness for the hip, knee, and ankle of both legs. Although we observed moderate to strong correlations between some CCI formulations and corresponding joint stiffness, these associations were highly dependent on the methodological choices made for CCI computation. Specifically, we found that: (1) CCI1 was generally more correlated with joint stiffness than was CCI2, (2) CCI calculation using EMG signals with calibrated electromechanical delay generally yielded the best correlations with joint stiffness, and (3) choice of antagonist muscle pairs significantly influenced CCI correlation with joint stiffness. By providing guidance on how methodological choices influence CCI correlation with joint stiffness trends, this study may facilitate a simpler alternate approach for studying joint stiffness during human movement.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Joint Kinetics During Moderately Sloped Running

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Telhan ◽  
Jason R. Franz ◽  
Jay Dicharry ◽  
Robert P. Wilder ◽  
Patrick O. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context: Knowledge of the kinetic changes that occur during sloped running is important in understanding the adaptive gait-control mechanisms at work and can provide additional information about the poorly understood relationship between injury and changes in kinetic forces in the lower extremity. A study of these potential kinetic changes merits consideration, because training and return-to-activity programs are potentially modifiable factors for tissue stress and injury risk. Objective: To contribute further to the understanding of hill running by quantifying the 3-dimensional alterations in joint kinetics during moderately sloped decline, level, and incline running in a group of healthy runners. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Three-dimensional motion analysis laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nineteen healthy young runners/joggers (age  =  25.3 ± 2.5 years). Intervention(s): Participants ran at 3.13 m/s on a treadmill under the following 3 different running-surface slope conditions: 4° decline, level, and 4° incline. Main Outcome Measure(s): Lower extremity joint moments and powers and the 3 components of the ground reaction force. Results: Moderate changes in running-surface slope had a minimal effect on ankle, knee, and hip joint kinetics when velocity was held constant. Only changes in knee power absorption (increased with decline-slope running) and hip power (increased generation on incline-slope running and increased absorption on decline-slope running in early stance) were noted. We observed an increase only in the impact peak of the vertical ground reaction force component during decline-slope running, whereas the nonvertical components displayed no differences. Conclusions: Running style modifications associated with running on moderate slopes did not manifest as changes in 3-dimensional joint moments or in the active peaks of the ground reaction force. Our data indicate that running on level and moderately inclined slopes appears to be a safe component of training regimens and return-to-run protocols after injury.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Loading during Gait in Patients Long Period after Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliska Kubonova ◽  
Zdenek Svoboda ◽  
Miroslav Janura ◽  
Jiri Gallo ◽  
Sarka Duskova
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Limb Loading ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the study was to assess lower limb loading during walking after unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision. Twenty-three THA revision subjects (12 men, 11 women) were divided into three groups according to time since surgery as 1 to 6 years, 6 to 11 years, and over 11 years. Two force plates were used to measure the ground reaction force during the stance phase. On the operated limb, compared to nonoperated limb, we found lower first vertical peak in the group of 1 to 6 years after revision and lower propulsion peak in the group of 6 to 11 years since revision. In the group of 11 years since THA revision, no significant difference was found. With advancing years after surgery, the stance phase duration got reduced and propulsion peak increased in the operated limb; minimal vertical force decreased and the time of minimal vertical force increased in the nonoperated limb. The study findings suggest the tendency to a more gradual and safer weight acceptance on the operated limb during the first years after THA revision, followed by limitation of foot propulsion. Despite this fact, lower limb loading can be considered as symmetrical across the whole measured period.

scholarly journals Compliant surface after ACL reconstruction and its effects on gait - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.13528

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Lisboa Tellini ◽  
Karina Oliveira Lima ◽  
Sandra Regina Alouche ◽  
Leia Bernardi Bagesteiro
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compliant Surface ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Acl Surgery ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
And Gender

Previous studies of gait analysis in patients following reconstructive anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery have shown changes in kinematics, kinetics and energy patterns in the lower limb. Usually these patients perform complaint surface training during clinical treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in selected gait kinematic parameters following ACL reconstruction while walking on an unstable surface. We tested 16 subjects: eight patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, at four weeks after the surgical intervention; and eight healthy subjects (control group) matched by age and gender. Participants walked at a self-selected comfortable speed on an 8 m-walkway while sagittal plane kinematic data of the principal lower limb joints (hip, knee and ankle) were collected using 60-Hz cameras. We compared the joint angles under three conditions: (A) walking on stable ground, (B) walking on a foam mat (5 cm thick; 33 kg m-3 density) and (C) back at the normal ground. Results showed that ACL patients were slower and had smaller range of motion at all joints as compared to the control group under all conditions; however the repeated exposure to unstable surface may help changes in such patients. Further investigation is necessary to expand our understanding and may improve the development of more effective rehabilitation treatments.  

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging of the Gluteal Muscles During the Y-Balance Test in Individuals With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra F. DeJong ◽  
L. Colby Mangum ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Balance Test

Context Impairments in dynamic postural control and gluteal muscle activation have been associated with the development of symptoms related to long-term injury, which are characteristic of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Ultrasound imaging (USI) provides a visual means to explore muscle thickness throughout movement; however, USI functional-activation ratios (FARs) of the gluteal muscles during dynamic balance exercises have not been investigated. Objective To determine differences in gluteus maximus and gluteus medius FARs using USI, Y-Balance Test (YBT) performance, and lower extremity kinematics in individuals with or without CAI. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty adults with CAI (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.70 ± 2.32 years, height = 172.74 ± 11.28 cm, mass = 74.26 ± 15.24 kg) and 20 adults without CAI (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.20 ± 2.79 years, height = 173.18 ± 15.16 cm, mass = 70.89 ± 12.18 kg). Intervention(s) Unilateral static ultrasound images of the gluteal muscles during quiet stance and to the point of maximum YBT reach directions were obtained over 3 trials. Hip, knee, and ankle sagittal-plane kinematics were collected with motion-capture software. Main Outcome Measure(s) Gluteal thickness was normalized to quiet stance to yield FARs for each muscle in each YBT direction. We averaged normalized reach distances and obtained average peak kinematics. Independent t tests, mean differences, and Cohen d effect sizes were calculated to determine group differences for all outcome measures. Results The CAI group had anterior-reach deficits compared with the control group (mean difference = 4.37%, Cohen d = 0.77, P = .02). The CAI group demonstrated greater anterior gluteus maximus FARs than the control group (mean difference = 0.08, Cohen d = 0.57, P = .05). Conclusions The CAI group demonstrated YBT reach deficits and alterations in proximal muscle activation. Increased reliance on the gluteus maximus during dynamic conditions may contribute to distal joint dysfunction in this population.

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