scholarly journals Knee Joint Kinematics and Kinetics During a Lateral False-Step Maneuver

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace M. Golden ◽  
Michael J. Pavol ◽  
Mark A. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Internal Rotation Angle ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Abstract Context: Cutting maneuvers have been implicated as a mechanism of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in collegiate female basketball players. Objective: To investigate knee kinematics and kinetics during running when the width of a single step, relative to the path of travel, was manipulated, a lateral false-step maneuver. Design: Crossover design. Setting: University biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirteen female collegiate basketball athletes (age  =  19.7 ± 1.1 years, height  =  172.3 ± 8.3 cm, mass  =  71.8 ± 8.7 kg). Intervention(s): Three conditions: normal straight-ahead running, lateral false step of width 20% of body height, and lateral false step of width 35% of body height. Main Outcome Measure(s): Peak angles and internal moments for knee flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Results: Differences were noted among conditions in peak knee angles (flexion [P < .01], extension [P  =  .02], abduction [P < .01], and internal rotation [P < .01]) and peak internal knee moments (abduction [P < .01], adduction [P < .01], and internal rotation [P  =  .03]). The lateral false step of width 35% of body height was associated with larger peak flexion, abduction, and internal rotation angles and larger peak abduction, adduction, and internal rotation moments than normal running. Peak flexion and internal rotation angles were also larger for the lateral false step of width 20% of body height than for normal running, whereas peak extension angle was smaller. Peak internal rotation angle increased progressively with increasing step width. Conclusions: Performing a lateral false-step maneuver resulted in changes in knee kinematics and kinetics compared with normal running. The differences observed for lateral false steps were consistent with proposed mechanisms of ACL loading, suggesting that lateral false steps represent a hitherto neglected mechanism of noncontact ACL injury.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Maximum Isometric Strength and Ball Velocity in the Tennis Serve

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Baiget ◽  
Francisco Corbi ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes ◽  
Jaime Fernández-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between maximum isometric strength levels in different upper and lower limb joints and serve velocity in competitive tennis players as well as to develop a prediction model based on this information. Twelve male competitive tennis players (mean ± SD; age: 17.2 ± 1.0 years; body height: 180.1 ± 6.2 cm; body mass: 71.9 ± 5.6 kg) were tested using maximum isometric strength levels (i.e., wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion and extension; leg and back extension; shoulder external and internal rotation). Serve velocity was measured using a radar gun. Results showed a strong positive relationship between serve velocity and shoulder internal rotation (r = 0.67; p < 0.05). Low to moderate correlations were also found between serve velocity and wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion – extension, leg and back extension and shoulder external rotation (r = 0.36 – 0.53; p = 0.377 – 0.054). Bivariate and multivariate models for predicting serve velocity were developed, with shoulder flexion and internal rotation explaining 55% of the variance in serve velocity (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The maximum isometric strength level in shoulder internal rotation was strongly related to serve velocity, and a large part of the variability in serve velocity was explained by the maximum isometric strength levels in shoulder internal rotation and shoulder flexion.

Optimizing Whole-Body Kinematics During Single-Leg Jump Landing to Reduce Peak Abduction/Adduction and Internal Rotation Knee Moments: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dhruv Gupta ◽  
Jeffrey A. Reinbolt ◽  
Cyril J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Acl Injury Risk ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Knee abduction/adduction moment and knee internal rotation moment are known surrogate measures of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) load during tasks like sidestepping and single-leg landing. Previous experimental literature has shown that a variety of kinematic strategies are associated or correlated with ACL injury risk; however, the optimal kinematic strategies needed to reduce peak knee moments and ACL injury are not well understood. To understand the complex, multifaceted kinematic factors underpinning ACL injury risk and to optimize kinematics to prevent the ACL injury, a musculoskeletal modeling and simulation experimental design was used. A 14-segment, 37-degree-of-freedom, dynamically consistent skeletal model driven by force/torque actuators was used to simulate whole-body single-leg jump landing kinematics. Using the residual reduction algorithm in OpenSim, whole-body kinematics were optimized to reduce the peak knee abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation moments simultaneously. This optimization was repeated across 30 single-leg jump landing trials from 10 participants. The general optimal kinematic strategy was to bring the knee to a more neutral alignment in the transverse plane and frontal plane (featured by reduced hip adduction angle and increased knee adduction angle). This optimized whole-body kinematic strategy significantly reduced the peak knee abduction/adduction and internal rotation moments, transferring most of the knee load to the hip.

Evaluation of the relationship of tibiofemoral kinematics before and after total knee replacement in an in vitro model of cranial cruciate deficiency in the dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Howie ◽  
Timothy Foutz ◽  
Curtis Cathcart ◽  
Jeff Burmeister ◽  
Steve Budsberg
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Tibiofemoral Kinematics ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryObjective: To investigate the relationship between tibiofemoral kinematics before and after total knee replacement (TKR) in vitro.Animals: Eight canine hemipelves.Methods: A modified Oxford Knee Rig was used to place cadaveric limbs through a range of passive motion allowing the kinematics of the stifle to be evaluated. Four measurements were performed: a control stage, followed by a cranial cruciate transection stage, then following TKR with the musculature intact stage, and finally TKR with removal of limb musculature stage. Joint angles and translations of the femur relative to the tibia, including flexion-extension versus adduction-abduction, flexion-extension versus internal-external rotation, as well as flexion-extension versus each translation (cranial-caudal and lateral-medial) were calculated.Results: Significant differences were identified in kinematic data from limbs following TKR implantation as compared to the unaltered stifle. The TKR resulted in significant decreases in external rotation of the stifle during flexion-extension compared to the limb prior to any intervention, as well as increasing the abduction. The TKR significantly increased the caudal translation of the femur relative to the tibia compared to the unaltered limb. When compared with the cranial cruciate ligament-transection stage, TKR significantly decreased the ratio of the external rotation to flexion.Discussion: All three test periods showed significant differences from the unaltered stifle. The TKR did not completely restore the normal kinematics of the stifle.

The Biomechanical Effect of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Knee Joint Function

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Gill ◽  
Louis E. DeFrate ◽  
Conrad Wang ◽  
Christopher T. Carey ◽  
Shay Zayontz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Posterior Translation ◽  
Muscle Loading ◽  
Tibial Translation

Background The effectiveness of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in restoring normal kinematics under physiologic loading is unknown. Hypothesis Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not restore normal knee kinematics under muscle loading. Study Design In vitro biomechanical study. Methods Kinematics of knees with an intact, resected, and reconstructed posterior cruciate ligament were measured by a robotic testing system under simulated muscle loads. Anteroposterior tibial translation and internal-external tibial rotation were measured at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of flexion under posterior drawer loading, quadriceps muscle loading, and combined quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading. Results Reconstruction reduced the additional posterior tibial translation caused by ligament deficiency at all flexion angles tested under posterior drawer loading. Ligament deficiency increased external rotation and posterior translation at angles higher than 60° of flexion when simulated muscle loading was applied. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reduced the posterior translation and external rotation observed in posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees at higher flexion angles, but differences were not significant. Conclusion Under physiologic loading conditions, posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not restore six degree of freedom knee kinematics. Clinical Relevance Abnormal knee kinematics may lead to development of long-term knee arthrosis.

scholarly journals The Effects of a 9-Week Hip Focused Weight Training Program on Hip And Knee Kinematics and Kinetics in Experienced Female Dancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Sandro Rajic ◽  
Hayley S. Legg ◽  
Philipp Maurus ◽  
Sandro R. Nigg ◽  
Daniel J. Cleather
Keyword(s):  
Weight Training ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Dominant Weight ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics ◽  
Experienced Female

Abstract Increased involvement of the hip musculature during some movements is associated with enhanced performance and reduced injury risk. However, the impact of hip dominant weight training methods on movement strategy has seen limited attention within the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a 9-week hip dominant weight training intervention promotes a more hip dominant movement strategy leading to an improvement in countermovement jump performance. Twenty-two experienced female dancers were recruited and separated into an intervention (age 24.4 ± 6.3 years, body height 165.5 ± 5.8 cm, body mass 65.9 ± 5.6 kg) and a control (age 22.9 ± 5.6 years, body height 163.3 ± 5.4 cm, body mass 57.4 ± 6.8 kg) group. The intervention group participated in a 9-week hip dominant training intervention, which consisted of a wide stance back squat, Romanian deadlift, hip thrusters, and a bent over row. Hip and knee kinematics and kinetics, and countermovement jump performance were assessed pre and post training. Significant interaction effects were found for peak hip joint moment (p = 0.030, η2 = 0.214) and countermovement jump performance (p = 0.003, η2 = 0.356), indicating an increase in peak hip joint moment and countermovement jump performance for the intervention group. Specifically, the intervention group showed a mean increase in jump height of 11.5%. The data show that the use of a hip dominant weight training strategy can improve hip contribution in the propulsion phase of the countermovement jump. Strength and conditioning specialists should incorporate hip dominant weight training exercises to increase hip strength and improve performance.

scholarly journals The immediate effect of ipsilateral and contralateral sacroiliac joint manipulation on the hip range of motion and kicking velocity in soccer players

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zia ul Mustafa Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Sacroiliac Joint ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Right

Background There is a close biomechanical relationship that exists between the sacroiliac and hip joints. It is essential to have optimum hip range of motion originating from the pelvis in both the kicking and support limbs as both limbs play a role in achieving a high speed kicking velocity. Due to the strenuous activity of soccer players, both hip ranges of motion may be decreased, thus predisposing the player to injuries. This may also affect the kicking velocity. The effects of sacroiliac joint manipulation on hip range of motion and kicking velocity were investigated. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ipsilateral sacroiliac joint manipulation versus contralateral sacroiliac joint manipulation on bilateral hip range of motion and kicking velocity. Methods There were three groups of twenty soccer players. The ipsilateral sacroiliac joint manipulation group, the contralateral sacroiliac joint manipulation group, and the sham laser intervention group. The case history, physical, regional, lumbar and hip exams were done in the Chiropractic Day Clinic. The hip ranges of motion were measured pre- and post- Chiropractic manipulation in all three groups on both limbs in the Fred Crookes Sports Centre (Durban University of Technology). Hip ranges of motion were measured by the Saunders (The Saunders Group, Chaska, MN) digital inclinometer. The kicking velocity of all players were measured pre- and post- manipulation by a speed sport radar gun (Bushnell Speedster Speed Gun; Bushnell Inc, Lenexa, KS). This was a purposive, investigational study trial where the data was reduced and analysed with the help of a statistician, using the statistical software SPSS version 20.0.The statistical aspect of the research encompassed the following: descriptive statistics used Fischer values, Eta tests, frequency, cross-tabulation tables and various types of graphs (bar charts, scatter graphs etc.); Inferential statistics used Pearson’s and/or Spearman’s correlations at a significance level of 0.05; testing of hypotheses used chi-square tests for nominal data and ordinal data at a level of significance of 0.05. Results The ipsilateral group showed statistically significant results for the right hip in flexion, extension, internal rotation and external rotation, as well as for extension, internal rotation and external rotation in the left hip. The contralateral group showed statistically significant results for the right hip in extension, internal rotation and external rotation, as well as for extension and internal rotation in the left hip. There was a statistically significant improvement in the kicking velocity of the ipsilateral and contralateral group after treatment. There was a strong association between the perception changes to the actual kicking velocity in the soccer players. There was a correlation between the change in hip range of motion and change in kicking velocity, however statistically it was not significant. Conclusion The manipulation of ipsilateral or contralateral sacroiliac joint has an effect on the right and left hip range of motion

scholarly journals The Effects of Gluteal Strength and Activation on the Relationship Between Femoral Alignment and Functional Valgus Collapse During a Single-Leg Landing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Hogg ◽  
Terry Ackerman ◽  
Anh-Dung Nguyen ◽  
Scott E. Ross ◽  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Internal Rotation Angle ◽  
Abduction Strength

Context: A bias toward femoral internal rotation is a potential precursor to functional valgus collapse. The gluteal muscles may play a critical role in mitigating these effects. Objective: Determine the extent to which gluteal strength and activation mediate associations between femoral alignment measures and functional valgus collapse. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-five females (age = 20.1 [1.7] y; height = 165.2 [7.6] cm; weight = 68.6 [13.1] kg) and 45 males (age = 20.8 [2.0] y; height = 177.5 [8.7] cm; weight = 82.7 [16.5] kg), healthy for 6 months prior. Intervention(s): Femoral alignment was measured prone. Hip-extension and abduction strength were obtained using a handheld dynamometer. Three-dimensional biomechanics and surface electromyography were obtained during single-leg forward landings. Main Outcome Measures: Forward stepwise multiple linear regressions determined the influence of femoral alignment on functional valgus collapse and the mediating effects of gluteus maximus and medius strength and activation. Results: In females, less hip abduction strength predicted greater peak hip adduction angle (R2 change = .10; P = .02), and greater hip-extensor activation predicted greater peak knee internal rotation angle (R2 change = .14; P = .01). In males, lesser hip abduction strength predicted smaller peak knee abduction moment (R2 change = .11; P = .03), and the combination of lesser hip abduction peak torque and lesser gluteus medius activation predicted greater hip internal rotation angle (R2 change = .15; P = .04). No meaningful mediation effects were observed (υadj < .01). Conclusions: In females, after accounting for femoral alignment, less gluteal strength and higher muscle activation were marginally associated with valgus movement. In males, less gluteal strength was associated with a more varus posture. Gluteal strength did not mediate femoral alignment. Future research should determine the capability of females to use their strength efficiently.

scholarly journals Patient-specific resurfacing implant knee surgery in subjects with early osteoarthritis results in medial pivot and lateral femoral rollback during flexion: a retrospective pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moewis ◽  
René Kaiser ◽  
Adam Trepczynski ◽  
Christoph von Tycowicz ◽  
Leonie Krahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Medial Pivot ◽  
Femoral Rollback

Abstract Purpose Metallic resurfacing implants have been developed for the treatment of early, small, condylar and trochlear osteoarthritis (OA) lesions. They represent an option for patients who do not fulfill the criteria for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or are too old for biological treatment. Although clinical evidence has been collected for different resurfacing types, the in vivo post-operative knee kinematics remain unknown. The present study aims to analyze the knee kinematics in subjects with patient-specific episealer implants. This study hypothesized that patient-specific resurfacing implants would lead to knee kinematics close to healthy knees, resulting in medial pivot and a high degree of femoral rollback during flexion. Methods Retrospective study design. Fluoroscopic analysis during unloaded flexion–extension and loaded lunge was conducted at > 12 months post-surgery in ten episealer knees, and compared to ten healthy knees. Pre- and post-operative clinical data of the episealer knees were collected using a visual analog scale (VAS), the EQ 5d Health, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaires. Results A consistent medial pivot was observed in both episealer and healthy knees. Non-significant differences were found in the unloaded (p = 0.15) and loaded (p = 0.51) activities. Although lateral rollback was observed in both groups, it was significantly higher for the episealer knees in both the unloaded (p = 0.02) and loaded (p = 0.01) activities. Coupled axial rotation was significantly higher in the unloaded (p = 0.001) but not in the loaded (p = 0.06) activity in the episealer knees. Improved scores were observed at 1-year post-surgery in the episealer subjects for the VAS (p = 0.001), KOOS (p = 0.001) and EQ Health (p = 0.004). Conclusion At 12 month follow-up, a clear physiological knee kinematics pattern of medial pivot, lateral femoral rollback and coupled axial external femoral rotation during flexion was observed in patients treated with an episealer resurfacing procedure. However, higher femoral rollback and axial external rotation in comparison to healthy knees was observed, suggesting possible post-operative muscle weakness and consequent insufficient stabilization at high flexion.

scholarly journals Validation of a Device to Measure Knee Joint Angles for a Dynamic Movement

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirel Ajdaroski ◽  
Ruchika Tadakala ◽  
Lorraine Nichols ◽  
Amanda Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Flexion Extension

Participation in sports has risen in the United States over the last few years, increasing the risk of injuries such as tears to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. Previous studies have shown a correlation between knee kinematics when landing from a jump and this injury. The purpose of this study was to validate the ability of a commercially available inertial measurement units (IMUs) to accurately measure knee joint angles during a dynamic movement. Eight healthy subjects participated in the study. Validation was performed by comparing the angles measured by the wearable device to those obtained through the gold standard motion capture system when landing from a jump. Root mean square, linear regression analysis, and Bland–Altman plots were performed/constructed. The mean difference between the wearable device and the motion capture data was 8.4° (flexion/extension), 4.9° (ab/adduction), and 3.9° (rotation). In addition, the device was more accurate at smaller knee angles. In our study, a commercially available wearable IMU was able to perform fairly well under certain conditions and was less accurate in other conditions.

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