scholarly journals High School Athletes' Parents' Perceptions and Knowledge of the Skills and Job Requirements of the Certified Athletic Trainer

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1286-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Weitzel ◽  
Michael G. Miller ◽  
Erin R. Giannotta ◽  
Catherine J. Newman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainer

Context Parents play a crucial role in determining medical services for their children, and it is important they understand the scope of practice and skills of the athletic trainer (AT). Objective To understand parents' perceptions and knowledge of the skills and job requirements of the secondary school AT. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Sport meetings and banquets at 5 high schools in southwest Michigan during the fall, winter, and spring seasons. Patients or Other Participants A total of 539 parents whose children competed in at least 1 high school sport participated. Data Collection and Analysis A Parents' Perceptions and Knowledge of Certified Athletic Trainers Survey consisting of 32 questions, divided into 3 sections (demographics, perceptions, and knowledge), was developed and given to parents of high school athletes. One-way analyses of variance were used to determine significance among 3 categories of experience and perception and knowledge of ATs. Results Of the 539 parents who responded, 28% responded yes, and 72% responded no to having experience with an AT for their own injuries. When asked if they had experience with an AT due to their child's injuries, 60% responded yes. We found a difference among the 3 categories of experience for perception scores (P = .002) and knowledge scores (P < .001). Conclusions In the absence of past experience with an AT, parents' perceptions and knowledge of the skills and job requirements of the secondary school AT are limited. Athletic trainers should educate parents on their professional roles, which may enhance their ability to provide better health care.

scholarly journals The Self-Efficacy of Certified Athletic Trainers in Assessing and Managing Sport-Related Concussions

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Savage ◽  
Tracey Covassin
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers

Context:  Diagnostic and return-to-play assessments of athletes with sport-related concussions (SRCs) have changed dramatically over the past decade. Currently, SRC assessment and management has taken a multifaceted approach, with new SRC measures being developed yearly. However, to date, no researchers have examined certified athletic trainers' (ATs') self-efficacy in assessing and managing a patient with an SRC. Objective:  To examine the self-efficacy of ATs in assessing and managing athletes with SRCs, with a secondary purpose of examining job setting (high school and college). Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Web-based questionnaire. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 94 ATs (high school setting = 54.3%, n = 51; collegiate setting = 45.7%, n = 43) completed an online survey, for a response rate of 9.2%. Main Outcome Measure(s):  The survey contained 3 primary subsections: demographics, self-efficacy in assessing SRCs, and self-efficacy in managing SRCs. Possible self-efficacy ratings for SRC assessment and management in the survey ranged from 0 to 100. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed to identify differences in the self-efficacy of high school and collegiate ATs in assessing and managing athletes with SRCs. Results:  The self-efficacy of all 94 participants in their assessment of SRCs was 60.34 ± 14.5 and in their management of SRCs was 55.30 ± 14.1. Collegiate ATs reported higher self-efficacy in the assessment of SRCs using balance (P < .001) and the King-Devick test (P = .04), and their responses approached significance for vestibular-ocular motor screening (P = .05). Additionally, their self-efficacy in the management of SRCs was greater using balance (P < .001) and vestibular-ocular therapy (P = .01) compared with high school ATs. Conclusions:  Athletic trainers had moderate self-efficacy regarding their assessment and management of SRCs. Collegiate ATs had higher self-efficacy in newer SRC assessment and management tools than high school ATs.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Concussion and Reporting Behaviors in High School Athletes With or Without Access to an Athletic Trainer

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wallace ◽  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
Sally Nogle ◽  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Jeffrey Kovan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
Concussion Knowledge

Context: Increased sport participation and sport-related concussion incidence has led to an emphasis on having an appropriate medical professional available to high school athletes. The medical professional best suited to provide medical care to high school athletes is a certified athletic trainer (AT). Access to an AT may influence the reporting of sport-related concussion in the high school athletic population; however, little is known about how the presence of an AT affects concussion knowledge, prevention, and recognition. Objective: To evaluate knowledge of concussion and reporting behaviors in high school athletes who did or did not have access to an AT. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Survey. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 438 athletes with access to an AT and 277 without access to an AT. Intervention(s): A validated knowledge-of-concussion survey consisting of 83 items addressing concussion history, concussion knowledge, scenario questions, signs and symptoms of a concussion, and reasons why an athlete would not report a concussion. The independent variable was access to an AT. Main Outcome Measure(s): We examined the proportion of athletes who correctly identified knowledge of concussion, signs and symptoms of concussion, and reasons why high school student-athletes would not disclose a potential concussive injury by access to an AT. Frequency statistics, χ2 tests, independent t tests, and linear regression were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The underreporting of concussion among high school athletes was 55%. Athletes with access to an AT had more knowledge of concussion than did athletes without such access (P ≤ .001). Chi-square tests did not demonstrate a significant relationship between AT access and a higher percentage reporting concussions. Conclusions: High school athletes with access to an AT had more concussion knowledge, but they did not report suspected concussions to an authority figure more frequently than athletes without access to an AT.

Epidemiology of 10,000 High School Football Injuries: Patterns of Injury by Position Played

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Badgeley ◽  
Natalie M. McIlvain ◽  
Ellen E. Yard ◽  
Sarah K. Fields ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Patterns Of Injury

Background:With more than 1.1 million high school athletes playing annually during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years, football is the most popular boys’ sport in the United States.Methods:Using an internet-based data collection tool, RIO, certified athletic trainers (ATs) from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athletic exposure and football injury data during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years.Results:Participating ATs reported 10,100 football injuries corresponding to an estimated 2,739,187 football-related injuries nationally. The injury rate was 4.08 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) overall. Offensive lineman collectively (center, offensive guard, offensive tackle) sustained 18.3% of all injuries. Running backs (16.3%) sustained more injuries than any other position followed by linebackers (14.9%) and wide receivers (11.9%). The leading mechanism of injury was player-player contact (64.0%) followed by player-surface contact (13.4%). More specifically, injury occurred most commonly when players were being tackled (24.4%) and tackling (21.8%).Conclusions:Patterns of football injuries vary by position. Identifying such differences is important to drive development of evidence-based, targeted injury prevention efforts.

scholarly journals The Level of Medical Services and Secondary School-Aged Athletes

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. DeWitt ◽  
Scott A. Unruh ◽  
Srivatsa Seshadri
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Athletic Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

Context: Medical organizations have recommended that administrators, parents, and community leaders explore every opportunity to make interscholastic athletic programs safe for participation, including employing athletic trainers at practices and competitive events. Objective: To determine the overall level of medical services provided for secondary school-aged athletes at high school athletic events in a rural southern state, to evaluate the employment of athletic trainers in the provision of medical services in secondary schools, and to compare athletic training medical services provided at athletic events among schools of various sizes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Questionnaires were sent to administrators at 199 secondary schools. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 144 administrators, including interscholastic athletic directors and school principals, from 199 secondary schools participated (72% response rate). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed the Self-Appraisal Checklist for Health Supervision in Scholastic Athletic Programs from the American Academy of Pediatrics, which has been demonstrated to be valid and reliable. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to measure differences in groups. Results: We found differences in cumulative scores when measuring between institutional classifications (P≤.05). Cumulative scores for the Event Coverage section of the instrument ranged from 80.5 to 109.6 out of a total possible score of 126. We also found differences in several factors identified in the Event Coverage section (P≤.05). Conclusions: The number of coaching staff certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation or first aid was minimal. Most schools did not have a plan for providing minimal emergency equipment, ice, or water for visiting teams. We found that 88% (n = 7) of the 8 essential Event Coverage components that the American Academy of Pediatrics deems important were not addressed by schools represented in our study.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Team Sport Volume Surveyed Between High School and Club Sport Coaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596711983648
Author(s):  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Daniel A. Schaefer ◽  
Kevin M. Biese ◽  
Andrew M. Watson ◽  
Timothy A. McGuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High School Coaches ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Club Sport

Background: Club sport participation is increasingly common among high school athletes. Sport participation characteristics may vary widely between the high school and club sport settings. However, there have been no large-scale comparisons of sport participation volume between high school and club teams from similar sports. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the sport participation characteristics of high school and high school–aged club teams. We hypothesized that club team athletes would participate in more months per year and hours per week and would take more overnight trips than high school athletes and that club team coaches would be less likely to track their athletes’ sport volume than high school coaches. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 769 coaches (266 female; 34.6%) from 3 sports (basketball, volleyball, soccer) completed an anonymous online questionnaire regarding their team’s sport volume and their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding sport specialization. Coaches were eligible to participate if they had served as the head or assistant coach of a high school sport team or high school–aged club sport team in the past 12 months. Results: Overall, 64.6% (n = 497) were coaches of a high school team, and 35.4% (n = 272) were coaches of a club team with high school–aged athletes. Club coaches’ teams played more months out of the year and took more overnight trips for competitions than high school coaches’ teams but participated in fewer hours per week of practices or competitions during their season. There were no differences between club and high school coaches in tracking their athletes’ sport volume, with most coaches in both settings reporting that they do not track the amount of time that their athletes participate in other sports. Conclusion: Significant differences in sport participation volume exist between the teams of high school and club coaches.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Parenthood and Working of Female Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School and Collegiate Settings

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leamor Kahanov ◽  
Alice R. Loebsack ◽  
Matthew A. Masucci ◽  
Jeff Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Employment Setting ◽  
National Athletic Trainers Association ◽  
Original Survey

Abstract Context: Female athletic trainers (ATs) are currently underrepresented in the collegiate setting. Parenting and family obligations may play a role in this underrepresentation. Objective: To examine female ATs' perspectives on parenting and working in the secondary school and collegiate employment settings. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Online survey. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 1000 nonstudent, female certified ATs who were currently members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association. Main Outcome Measure(s): An original survey was developed to assess perceptions related to motherhood and work responsibilities. Descriptive statistics were used to assess age, years of experience as a certified AT, employment position, and parent or nonparent status. A correlation matrix was conducted to determine factors among parent and nonparent status, perceptions of motherhood, and employment-setting decisions. Results: Of the 1000 surveys sent via e-mail, 411 (41.1%) female ATs responded. Responses indicated that a majority of the female ATs worked in the secondary school setting. Sixty-one percent of the respondents did not have children. Past female ATs' experiences indicated a perception that motherhood created more challenges or struggles (or both) in the work and family settings. Whether parents considered children a factor in employment-setting changes produced conflicting results: no significant correlations or differences were found among responses. Conclusions: Parenting considerations had influences on both the home and employment settings. Although parents and nonparents had different views on the implications of parenting in the workplace, both groups agreed that parenting could affect the work environment and the choice to change employment settings and careers. Administrative decisions need to be considered in relation to parenting concerns. Mentoring that includes employment-setting choices relative to life goals should be provided to ATs, regardless of sex.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Concussion-Reporting Behaviors Among High School Athletes: A Preliminary Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
Tamara C. Valovich McLeod ◽  
Laura A. Linnan ◽  
Frederick O. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Concussive Injury

Context: Many athletes continue to participate in practices and games while experiencing concussion-related symptoms, potentially predisposing them to subsequent and more complicated brain injuries. Limited evidence exists about factors that may influence concussion-reporting behaviors. Objective: To examine the influence of knowledge and attitude on concussion-reporting behaviors in a sample of high school athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Participants completed a validated survey instrument via mail. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 167 high school athletes (97 males, 55 females, 5 sex not indicated; age = 15.7 ± 1.4 years) participating in football, soccer, lacrosse, or cheerleading. Intervention(s): Athlete knowledge and attitude scores served as separate predictor variables. Main Outcome Measure(s): We examined the proportion of athletes who reported continuing to participate in games and practices while symptomatic from possible concussion and the self-reported proportion of recalled concussion and bell-ringer events disclosed after possible concussive injury. Results: Only 40% of concussion events and 13% of bell-ringer recalled events in the sample were disclosed after possible concussive injury. Increased athlete knowledge of concussion topics (increase of 1 standard deviation = 2.8 points) was associated with increased reporting prevalence of concussion and bell-ringer events occurring in practice (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60, 3.21) and the reporting prevalence of bell-ringer-only events overall (PR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.38, 2.54). Athlete attitude scores (increase of 1 standard deviation = 11.5 points) were associated with decreases in the proportion of athletes stating they participated in games (PR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66, 0.82) and practices (PR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.77) while symptomatic from concussions. Conclusions: Most recalled concussion events in our study were not reported to a supervising adult. Clinicians should be aware that knowledge and attitude influence concussion reporting. Clinicians and administrators should make concussion education a priority and encourage an optimal reporting environment to better manage and prevent concussive injuries in young athletes.

scholarly journals PRACTICE OF SMOKING

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042
Author(s):  
Ijaz Ahmed Shah ◽  
Khalil Ahmed Shahid ◽  
Saleem Adil
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Masses

Introduction: Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year. More than fivemillion of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600 000 are theresult of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Unless urgent action is taken, theannual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 20301. To reduce this heavy morbidityand mortality due to tobacco use, can only be reduced by educating the masses regardingharmful effects of tobacco use. This cross sectional study was conducted with the objective,to assess the awareness and factors responsible for smoking among adolescents in AbbasiaHigher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School, Bahawalpur. Settings: The studywas carried out in Abbasia Higher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School. Duration:From 1 May 2011 to 15 June 2011. Subject/Methods: A preformed questionnaire was usedto collect data from 150 subjects included in this study. Results: Of all the subjects, 74%were aware of smoking, 22.67% were smokers. According to this study, 76.47% of smokerssaid that they smoked to enjoy some occasion, 17.65% smoked due to stress and 5% forexam preparation. Conclusions: Students were well aware of smoking hazards; prevalence ofsmoking was higher in Umm ul Qura High School students.

scholarly journals National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Acute Skin Trauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1053-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel W. Beam ◽  
Bernadette Buckley ◽  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Mario Ciocca
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
National Athletic Trainers Association ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainer

Objective:  To present recommendations for the cleansing, debridement, dressing, and monitoring of acute skin trauma in patients. Background:  Acute skin trauma is common during participation in athletic and recreational activities. Clinical decisions and intervention protocols after injury vary among athletic trainers and are often based on ritualistic practices. An understanding of cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques; clinical features of infection and adverse reactions; and monitoring of acute skin trauma is critical for certified athletic trainers and other allied health and medical professionals to create a local wound environment that promotes healing and lessens the risk of complications. Recommendations:  These guidelines are intended to provide the certified athletic trainer and others participating in athletic health care with specific knowledge about and recommendations for the management of acute skin trauma.

scholarly journals Compliance With the National Athletic Trainers' Association Inter-Association Task Force Preseason Heat-Acclimatization Guidelines in High School Football

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Riana R. Pryor ◽  
Yuri Hosokawa ◽  
Samantha E. Scarneo-Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heat Acclimatization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Association Task ◽  
National Athletic Trainers Association ◽  
Football Programs

Context In 2009, the National Athletic Trainers' Association Inter-Association Task Force (NATA-IATF) released preseason heat-acclimatization guidelines for gradually acclimatizing high school (HS) athletes to the environment during the first 2 weeks of the preseason and reducing the risk of exertional heat illness. However, researchers who studied the 2011 preseason found a low level of overall compliance. Objective To assess compliance with the NATA-IATF guidelines during the 2017 preseason and compare the findings with 2011 preseason data and between states mandating and not mandating the guidelines. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Preseason HS football, 2017. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1023 athletic trainers working with HS football (14.2% response rate). Main Outcome Measure(s) Using a survey, we acquired information from athletic trainers on their HS football programs, including location and compliance with 17 NATA-IATF guidelines during the 2017 football preseason. The outcome measures were full compliance with all 17 NATA-IATF guidelines and compliance with ≥10 NATA-IATF guidelines. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared findings between (1) the 2017 and 2011 preseasons and (2) states whose HS athletic associations imposed a full or partial or no mandate to follow the NATA-IATF guidelines. Results Overall, 3.9% reported full compliance with NATA-IATF guidelines; 73.9% complied with ≥10 guidelines. The proportion reporting full compliance was higher in 2017 than in 2011 but not statistically different (3.9% versus 2.5%; PR = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.96, 2.46). However, the proportion reporting compliance with ≥10 guidelines was higher in 2017 (73.9% versus 57.9%; PR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.36). The proportion of respondents reporting their HSs were fully compliant was highest among the with-mandate group (9.4%), followed by the partial-mandate group (4.6%) and the without-mandate group (0.6%). Group differences retained significance when we examined compliance with ≥10 guidelines. Conclusions Although full compliance with NATA-IATF guidelines remained low, many HS football programs complied with ≥10 guidelines.

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