A taxonomic evaluation of the Thesium confine species complex (Santalaceae)

Background: Thesium L. is the largest genus in the family Santalaceae (sandalwood family). The last taxonomic revision of the southern African species dates back to 1925. An urgent revision of the genus is required as indicated in a recent national biosystematics research strategy for South Africa.Objectives: To revise the Thesium confine species complex (Thesium durum, T. confine and Thesium spartioides) and to update the typification, nomenclature, descriptions and distribution ranges.Method: Morphological characters were studied using own field collections as well as herbarium specimens from K, NU, PRE and PRU and images on Global Plants (JSTOR). Distribution ranges of the studied species were updated.Results: An examination of morphological characters revealed great similarity between T. spartioides and T. confine. Both species have an herbaceous habit, decumbent growth form, terminal (or less frequently axillary) inflorescences and a sympatric northern distribution in South Africa. Thesium durum differs from T. spartioides and T. confine in having a shrubby habit, erect growth form and axillary inflorescences and occurs in the southern part of South Africa.Conclusion: Thesium spartioides is synonymised under T. confine, and T. durum is retained as a separate species.

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A taxonomic revision of the family Harrimaniidae (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) with descriptions of seven species from the Eastern Pacific

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2408.1.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2408 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. DELAND ◽

C. B. CAMERON ◽

K. P. RAO ◽

W. E. RITTER ◽

T. H. BULLOCK

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Eastern Pacific ◽

Nomen Nudum ◽

Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

The Family ◽

The Status

The family Harrimaniidae (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) is revised on the basis of morphological characters. The number of harrimaniid genera is increased to nine by the addition of Horstia n. gen., Mesoglossus n. gen., Ritteria n. gen. and Saxipendium, a genus previously assigned to the monospecific family Saxipendiidae. The number of species is increased to 34, resulting from the description of five new species from the eastern Pacific — Horstia kincaidi, Mesoglossus intermedius, M. macginitiei, Protoglossus mackiei and Ritteria ambigua. A description is supplied for a sixth harrimaniid species, Stereobalanus willeyi Ritter & Davis, 1904, which previously had the status of a nomen nudum. Four harrimaniids previously assigned to the genus Saccoglossus are transfered to the genus Mesoglossus — M. bournei, M. caraibicus, M. gurneyi and M. pygmaeus, while Saccoglossus borealis is reassigned to the genus Harrimania. Notes on habitat and zoogeography are included for the seven foregoing species and a table of diagnostic characters for existing and new species and a dichotomous key to the enteropneust families and harrimaniid genera are provided. Finally, a phylogenetic hypothesis concerning the Harrimaniidae is postulated, with discussion on the evolution of the group.

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Mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence supporting the recognition of a new North Atlantic Pseudostichopus species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s002531540401046xh ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 1077-1084 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Francisco A. Solís-Marín ◽

David S.M. Billett ◽

Joanne Preston ◽

Alex D. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Molecular Study ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Species Status ◽

Separate Species ◽

The Family ◽

A New Species

A new species of the synallactid sea cucumber genus Pseudostichopus is described, P. aemulatus sp. nov., based on genetic (DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I [COI] gene) and morphological characters. A comparative molecular study with two other species of the same genus (P. villosus and P. mollis) and from a different family (Isostichopus fuscus) was carried out in order to clarify its taxonomic identity. The nucleotide distance between P. aemulatus sp. nov. and P. villosus and P. mollis is sufficient to support distinct species status. The estimated difference in the number of amino acids, coded for by a partially sequenced COI gene, within the species of the family Synallactidae ranged from 4 to 18. The phylogenetic analysis clearly supports separate species status of these sympatric morphotypes, as indicated by the morphological analysis.

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Corrigendum to: Systematics and distribution of world hyptiogastrine wasps (Hymenoptera : Gasteruptiidae)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/it01048_co ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 957 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. T. Jennings ◽

A. D. Austin

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Zealand ◽

South America ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Family ◽

New Hebrides ◽

New Britain

This study examines the phylogeny, taxonomy, distribution and biology of the gasteruptiid subfamily Hyptiogastrinae and, at the same time, presents an overview of the family. Following a cladistic analysis of 35 discrete morphological characters, two monophyletic genera are recognised, Hyptiogaster Kieffer and Pseudofoenus s. l. Kieffer. As a consequence, the genera Aulacofoenus Kieffer, Crassifoenus Crosskey, and Eufoenus Szépligeti are synonymised with Pseudofoenus. A total of 88 species are recognised for the subfamily, 10 species of Hyptiogaster, which are restricted to mainland Australia, and 78 species of Pseudofoenus, 40 of which are described as new. Pseudofoenus has a restricted Gondwanan distribution and is found in Australia including Tasmania (65 spp.), New Guinea and New Britain (5 spp.), the south-west Pacific (New Caledonia, New Hebrides and Fiji – 2 spp.), New Zealand (4 spp.) and South America (2 spp.). No new species have been recorded from either New Zealand or South America. For Pseudofoenus, information on the distribution of each species, their biology (if known) and an identification key are presented.Following a taxonomic revision, the following new species are described: P. baileyi, sp. nov., P. baitetaensis, sp. nov., P. beverlyae, sp. nov., P. caperatus, sp. nov., P. cardaleae, sp. nov., P. carrabinensis, sp. nov., P. claireae, sp. nov., P. collessi, sp. nov., P. coorowensis, sp. nov., P. crosskeyi, sp. nov., P. douglasorum, sp. nov., P. eliseae, sp. nov., P. ericae, sp. nov., P. eustonensis, sp. nov., P. feckneri, sp. nov., P. gressitti, sp. nov., P. gullanae, sp. nov., P. hackeri, sp. nov., P. imbricatus, sp. nov., P. iqbali, sp. nov., P. kadowi, sp. nov., P. karimuiensis, sp. nov., P. kelleri, sp. nov., P. leinsterensis, sp. nov., P. macdonaldi, sp. nov., P. malkini, sp. nov., P. marshalli, sp. nov., P. masneri, sp. nov., P. mitchellae, sp. nov., P. morganensis, sp. nov., P. nalbarraensis, sp. nov., P. pumilis, sp. nov., P. schmidti, sp. nov., P. stevensi, sp. nov., P. tasmaniensis, sp. nov., P. taylori, sp. nov., P. umboiensis, sp. nov., P. walkeri, sp. nov. and P. zborowskii, sp. nov. The synonymy of Aulacofoenus, Crassifoenus and Eufoenus with Pseudofoenus result in the following new combinations: from Aulacofoenus: P. bungeyi (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. deletangi (Schletterer), comb. nov., P. fallax (Schletterer), comb. nov., P. fletcheri (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. goonooensis (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. infumatus (Schletterer), comb. nov., P. kurmondi (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. loxleyi (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. marionae (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. perenjorii (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. swani (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. thoracicus (Guérin Menéville), comb. nov., P. whiani (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov. and P. wubinensis (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov.; from Crassifoenus: P. houstoni (Jennings & Austin), comb. nov., P. grossitarsis (Kieffer), comb. nov and P. macronyx (Schletterer), comb. nov.; and from Eufoenus: P. antennalis (Schletterer), comb. nov., P. australis (Westwood), comb. nov., P. crassitarsis (Kieffer), comb. nov., P. darwini (Westwood), comb. nov., P. extraneus (Turner), comb. nov., P. ferrugineus (Crosskey), comb. nov., P. floricolus (Turner), comb. nov., P. inaequalis (Turner), comb. nov., P. melanopleurus (Crosskey), comb. nov., P. minimus (Turner), comb. nov., P. nitidiusculus (Turner), comb. nov., P. patellatus (Westwood), comb. nov., P. pilosus (Kieffer), comb. nov., P. reticulatus (Crosskey), comb. nov., P. rieki (Crosskey), comb. nov., P. ritae (Cheesman), comb. nov. and P. spinitarsis (Westwood), comb. nov. Pseudofoenus microcephalus (Crosskey), comb. nov. is transferred from Hyptiogaster and Eufoenus flavinervis (Kieffer) remains incertae sedis.

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COI barcoding of plant bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6070 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e6070 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Junggon Kim ◽

Sunghoon Jung

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distance ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Research Fields ◽

Average Maximum ◽

The Family ◽

Coi Barcoding ◽

Interspecific Genetic Distance ◽

Intraspecific Genetic Distance ◽

Identification Tool

The family Miridae is the most diverse and one of the most economically important groups in Heteroptera. However, identification of mirid species on the basis of morphology is difficult and time-consuming. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of COI barcoding for 123 species of plant bugs in seven subfamilies. With the exception of threeApolygusspecies—A. lucorum,A. spinolae, andA. watajii(subfamily Mirinae)—each of the investigated species possessed a unique COI sequence. The average minimum interspecific genetic distance of congeners was approximately 37 times higher than the average maximum intraspecific genetic distance, indicating a significant barcoding gap. Despite having distinct morphological characters,A. lucorum,A. spinolae, andA. watajiimixed and clustered together, suggesting taxonomic revision. Our findings indicate that COI barcoding represents a valuable identification tool for Miridae and can be economically viable in a variety of scientific research fields.

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Taxonomic revision of Carex chungii (Cyperaceae; sect. Mitratae) and allied species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.317.1.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 317 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

XIAO-FENG JIN

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Entire Range ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Literature Survey ◽

The Other ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Specific Rank

In this paper, Carex chungii and other five names at species rank, plus one variety and one form, all from of C. sect. Mitratae, were revised. They constitute a group of morphologically very similar taxa, difficult to tell apart. Our study was based on literature survey, fieldwork, herbarium specimens, statistical analysis of morphological characters and SEM observations of achenes and perigynia. Analysis of morphological data of 94 individuals from eleven populations using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed five clusters, which we consequently considered to correspond to five species. The achenes of Carex genkaiensis were strikingly different from all the other species regarding achene apex contracted into a 0.2–0.5 mm long neck-like appendage (vs. into a discoid-annulate style-base), as well as its perigynium indumentum (pubescent vs. sparsely pubescent). Carex anhuiensis, C. xuanchengensis and C. truncatirostris f. erostris are all synonymized to C. truncatirostris. The previously recognized Carex kamagariensis from Japan is synonymized to C. chungii. Carex chungii var. rigida is recognized as specific rank and the new name C. nanpingensis is proposed. Our study is the first effort to address the taxonomy of this complicate group as a whole in its entire range.

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Taxonomic significance of vegetative and reproductive morphology in southern Africa Rhynchosia sect. Rhynchosia (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae)

Webbia ◽

10.36253/jopt-7965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 51-67

Author(s):

Abdulwakeel Ayokun-nun Ajao ◽

Annah Ntsamaeeng Moteetee

Keyword(s):

Southern Africa ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Camera Lucida ◽

Reproductive Morphology ◽

Type Section ◽

Size Type ◽

Taxonomic Studies

Rhynchosia is the largest genus in the subtribe Cajaninae, tribe Phaseoleae. Due to the lack of a recent taxonomic revision in the genus, the species are poorly known and as a result, are difficult to identify. As part of our ongoing taxonomic studies on the genus in southern Africa, this paper presents a comparative study of vegetative and floral morphological variation in the 47 species currently recognised in the type section Rhynchosia in the region. This is with a view to provide useful diagnostic morphological characters that can be used to correctly identify species in the type section and in other sections. The study used morphological data from field observation, herbarium specimens, and literature. Stems, leaves, and floral structures were examined with a dissecting microscope. A stereoscope with a camera lucida attachment was used to draw the reproductive morphology. Although morphological characters seem to overlap between the sections, characters such as leaflets size, type of indumentum on leaflet surfaces, stipules shape, type and length of inflorescences, presence or absence of indumentum on standard petals, presence and absence of sculpturing on wing petals, as well as length of upper lobes of the calyx are useful in identifying species.

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Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the spider mite genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus using morphology (Acari : Tetranychidae)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is12071 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabio A. Hernandes ◽

Reinaldo J. F. Feres

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Monophyletic Clade ◽

Taxonomic Review ◽

The Family

Despite their great importance as pests of cultivated plants worldwide, members of the family Tetranychidae have never been subjected to a thorough cladistic analysis to reveal the history and relationships among related genera. Herein, we provide the first phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic review of species of the genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus using morphological characters. The results indicate a monophyletic clade uniting the aforementioned genera, although none of the three genera were recovered as monophyletic. We reinstate the tribe Aponychini as the taxon containing those three genera. Aponychus bambusae and A. aequilibris are herein considered junior synonyms of Stylophoronychus vannus and A. corpuzae, respectively.

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Molecular phylogeny of Acrobeloides and Cephalobus (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) reveals paraphyletic taxa and recurrent evolution of simple labial morphology

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854106779799178 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 819-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Steven Nadler ◽

Ashleigh Smythe

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Lateral Field ◽

The Core ◽

Morphological Taxonomy ◽

Dominant Feature ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractMembers of the family Cephalobidae (Nematoda) are among the most common and morphologically striking soil nematodes. Many members of Cephalobidae have extensive lip elaborations called probolae, but two taxonomically problematic genera, Acrobeloides and Cephalobus, have simple, low probolae. We sequenced a portion of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA for 33 cultures of Acrobeloides and Cephalobus. A phylogenetic analysis of these data, plus sequences representing other members of Cephalobina, revealed a core clade of 22 closely related taxa, but did not represent Acrobeloides and Cephalobus as monophyletic. The dominant feature used in morphological taxonomy of Cephalobidae, the lip region, was homoplastic according to the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Contrary to previous suggestions, taxa with simple probolae have arisen multiple times from taxa with complex probolae. Cultures were also examined for mode of reproduction (presumed parthenogenetic vs sexual) and three morphological characters commonly used in generic diagnoses: the shape of the corpus in profile; the number of lateral incisures; and the terminal extent of the lateral field. Most cultures, including all 22 members of the core clade, lacked males and were presumed to be parthenogenetic, but several independent origins of sexually reproducing taxa were found. Of the morphological characters, only the corpus shape was consistent with the molecular phylogeny, however, the utility of this character is also questioned. Many genera with complex probolae were also paraphyletic, including Nothacrobeles, Zeldia and Cervidellus, indicating the need for more comprehensive phylogenies and a broad taxonomic revision of the family.

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In situ morphometric study of the Diuris punctata species complex (Orchidaceae), with implications for conservation

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb08014 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 289 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zoë F. Smith ◽

Elizabeth A. James ◽

Cassandra B. McLean

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Flower Colour ◽

Population Level ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Population Variation ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

Floral Characters

Taxa within the Diuris punctata species complex exhibit high levels of variation at both species and population level. Morphometric data collected in situ were used to investigate species boundaries of four Victorian Diuris species within the Diuris punctata species complex. Morphological characters and taxonomic groups identified in the present study were compared to those described under the current taxonomic treatment. Sixty-five multistate and continuous characters, including seven vegetative and 58 floral characters, were measured in situ across the range of each species within Victoria. The importance of flower colour in distinguishing taxa was highlighted but characters used were generally indiscrete. Certain characters used in current taxonomic descriptions, e.g. floral fragrance, were found to be uninformative. D. fragrantissima was confirmed as a separate taxon within the D. punctata group, justifying its recognition as a unique entity for conservation. Clustering of D. daltonii within D. punctata suggests that the recent elevation of the D. punctata var. daltonii to species level is not justified. The in situ measurement of morphological characters made it possible to incorporate sufficient sampling to encompass intra-specific and intra-population variation and is a feasible method to overcome sampling limitations encountered when herbarium specimens and limited destructive sampling are used.

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Distribution and diversity of Fagaceae in Hidalgo, Mexico

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 660

Author(s):

Susana Valencia-A. ◽

Gabriel Flores-Franco ◽

Jaime Jiménez-Ramírez ◽

Mauricio Mora-Jarvio

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Sierra Madre Oriental ◽

Red Oaks ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Sierra Madre ◽

The Family ◽

Herbarium Data ◽

High Diversity

Background: The family Fagaceae is one of the most important in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere. Fagus and Quercus are distributed in Mexico, the former in Northeastern Mexico, while the latter reaches a high diversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico. In Hidalgo state, located mainly in the Sierra Madre Oriental, knowledge of the Fagaceae diversity is still uncertain.Questions and/or hypothesis: We carried out a taxonomic revision of the genus and species of Fagaceae in Hidalgo state. We determined how many and which species are distributed in Hidalgo. We also present a morphological description and ecological characters of each one.Studied species: The species of the family FagaceaeStudy site: Hidalgo state, Mexico.Method: We collected herbarium specimens, made field observations and reviewed herbarium data of Fagaceae specimens at FCME, INEGI, MEXU, ENCB, SLPM, HUMO, XAL and partly BH herbaria. In addition, we checked taxonomic literature and protologues of each species.Results: We found one species of Fagus and 43 of Quercus, 22 of which belong to the section Quercus (white oaks) and 21 to section Lobatae (red oaks). Morphological descriptions, altitudinal and geographical distribution, vegetation types of each species and a dichotomous key for species identification are presented. Illustrations and photographs of the species are also included.Conclusions: A high diversity of Fagaceae species is present in Hidalgo state. In Mexico, Hidalgo ranks in fifth place for oak species diversity, just behind Oaxaca (50 species), Puebla (50), San Luis Potosí (45), and Jalisco (45).

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