scholarly journals Meibomian gland imaging: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanne L. Nicholas ◽  
Wayne D.H. Gillan
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Meibomian Glands ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Valuable Role

The meibomian glands of the upper and lower eyelids play a valuable role in secreting the lipidlayer of the tear film. Disturbances in meibomian gland function may result in altered secretion andvariations in tear composition which may lead to meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporativedry eye, leading to ocular discomfort. To diagnose and monitor the structural and functionalchanges occurring within the glands of the eyelids, various imaging techniques are available.Some of the methods used to evaluate the tears and therefore the meibum within the tears includeevaporimetry, interferometry, tear osmolarity and meibometry. With these techniques, changesin the lipid layer of the tear film can be quantified and alterations in meibomian gland functionassessed. Meibography is an additional method that can be used; it has the unique feature ofallowing the assessment of meibomian gland morphology during ocular surface disease processes.The aim of this review is to create an improved understanding of the meibomian glands and theways that they may be investigated in order to expand on the treatment methods available.

scholarly journals Effects of warm compress on tear film, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in dry eyes after corneal refractive surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyi Zhou ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Jianmin Shang ◽  
Xingtao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gland Function

Abstract Background To assess the effects of warm compress (WC) on tear film lipid layer, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in patients with dry eye following femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). Methods We enrolled 37 eyes of 37 participants, each with dry eye for more than 2 years following SMILE (25 eyes) or LASEK (12 eyes). WC was performed using a spontaneously heating eye mask. Tear film break-up time (TBUT), tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT), blink pattern, Meibomian secretory function scores (MGS), visual acuity, spherical equivalent (SE), keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT) and aberration were assessed before and after WC. Results After WC, the following mean values all increased relative to baselines: CCT, SE, minimum (Min-), maximum (Max-) and average (Ave-) TFLLT, TBUT, total MGS (TMGS), number of glands secreting any liquid (MGL), and complete blink rate (CBR) (p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.042). Partial blink frequency (PBF) and partial blink rate (PBR) decreased (p = 0.002 in both cases). The decrease of PBF was higher in SMILE subgroup than in LASEK (p = 0.030). TBUT variation was positively correlated with that of Ave-TFLLT and TMGS (p = 0.046, 0.028, respectively). Max-TFLLT variation was correlated with that of TMGS (p = 0.020). Conclusions WC may temporarily increase tear film thickness and stability, decrease partial blink, and partly augment Meibomian gland function in dry eye patients after corneal refractive surgeries. Future studies are required to investigate long term clinical efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals Effects of Warm Compress on Tear Film, Blink Pattern and Meibomian Gland Function in Dry Eyes After Corneal Refractive Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyi Zhou ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Jianmin Shang ◽  
Xingtao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
Gland Function

Abstract Background To assess the effects of warm compress (WC) on tear film lipid layer, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in patients with dry eye following femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). Methods We enrolled 37 eyes of 37 participants, each with dry eye for more than 2 years following SMILE (25 eyes) or LASEK (12 eyes). WC was performed using a spontaneously heating eye mask. Safety parameters and effectiveness parameters (tear film break-up time, TBUT; tear film lipid layer thickness, TFLLT; blink pattern, and Meibomian secretory function scores, MGS) were assessed before and after WC. Results After WC, the following mean values all increased relative to baselines: central corneal thickness, spherical equivalent, minimum (Min-), maximum (Max-) and average (Ave-) TFLLT, TBUT, total MGS (TMGS), number of glands secreting any liquid (MGL), and complete blink rate (CBR) (p values ranging from < 0.0001 to 0.042). Partial blink frequency (PBF) and partial blink rate (PBR) decreased (p = 0.002 in both cases). The decrease of PBF was higher in SMILE subgroup than in LASEK (p = 0.030). TBUT variation was positively correlated with that of Ave-TFLLT and TMGS (p = 0.046, 0.028, respectively). Max-TFLLT variation was correlated with that of TMGS (p = 0.020). Conclusions WC may temporarily improve tear film quality and blink pattern, augment Meibomian gland function, and relieve dry eye symptoms after corneal refractive surgery, particularly that using the SMILE technique.

scholarly journals Mean Tear-Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Video Display Terminal Time as Risk Factors for Abnormal Blinking in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Shi-Nan Wu ◽  
Zhe Cheng ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
Hui-Ye Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Video Display ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Gland Function

Objective: To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and the role of the tear-film lipid layer thickness (LLT) as a function of duration of video display terminal (VDT) use in children.Methods: Children attending the Optometry Clinic of Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University were recruited for the study between June 2019 and June 2020. Time spent viewing a VDT (VDTt) over the previous 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured over a 10 s period using the Lipiview® interferometer (Tear Science, Morrisville, NC, USA), and participants were allocated into groups with normal blinking (NBG, blink rate &lt; 20 blinks/min) and abnormal blinking (ABG, blink rate ≥ 20 blinks/min). T-test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the differences in tear film (TF) stability indexes and meibomian gland function indexes between the two groups. Binary logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for abnormal blinking and protective factors related to children's use of VDT, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also conducted.Results: A total of 167 children were included, with no statistically significant differences in age or sex between the two groups. According to the t-test, VDTt was significantly higher in ABG than NBG, while TF stability indices including tear break up time, LLT and the height of the tear meniscus, were significantly higher in NBG than ABG (P &lt; 0.001). The results also showed better meibomian gland function in NBG than ABG (P &lt; 0.05). Binary logistic analysis showed that VDTt is an important risk factor for abnormal blinking, and the average of LLT (AVG) was found to be an important protective factor for children using a VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 1.5 h and 57.5 nm, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve value of VDTt and AVG was 0.833 and 0.969, respectively (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: In children, VDTt is an important risk factor for abnormal blinking, and the AVG is an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods.

scholarly journals MODERN ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND TREATMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONS OF MEIBOMIAN GLANDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEDEA GOBEJISHVILI ◽  
NINO NIKURADZE ◽  
LEVAN MIKELADZE
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Meibomian Glands

The article analyzes the effectiveness of an integrated approach to the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, preparation of the eyelids using the copyright mechanical eye massager to evacuate the secretion of the meibomian glands. As a result, we get an improvement in the condition of the eyelids and the ocular surface due to the restoration of the lipid layer of the tear film, an increase in the protective properties of the tear film and an increase in the number of normally functioning meibomian glands.

scholarly journals Dry eye disease and its treatment in women over 45 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
E.A. Drozdova ◽  
◽  
V.E. Balan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meibomian Glands ◽  
Nano Emulsion

Epidemiological studies demonstrate an increase in age-related prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and its higher occurrence in women. In addition to age-related alterations of structures producing tear film, the reduction of androgen levels and other regulating hormones is important for DED development. The role of estrogens and progesterone in the regulation of lacrimal and meibomian gland activity is still disputable. Additional factors of DED development in women are a high rate of comorbidities affecting gland functions, use of cosmetics and cosmetic procedures, contact lens wearing. The results are partial atrophy of meibomian glands, changes in the quality and amount of their secret, increased tear evaporation. Cationic nano-emulsion that addresses the deficiency and stabilize the lipid layer, increases water content, and reduces tear osmolarity is recommended for DED in women. Keywords: dry eye disease, tear film, meibomian glands, postmenopausal, lipid layer, tear osmolarity, artificial tears, cationic nano-emulsion. For citation: Drozdova E.A., Balan V.E. Dry eye disease and its treatment in women over 45 years. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(2):103–107. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-2-103-107.

The lipid layer of tears: dependent on meibomian gland function

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. McCulley ◽  
Ward E. Shine
Keyword(s):  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Gland Function

scholarly journals Ocular Surface Workup in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Treated with Intense Regulated Pulsed Light

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Vigo ◽  
Leonardo Taroni ◽  
Federico Bernabei ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Stefano Sebastiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Pulsed Light ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Break Up

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes of signs and symptoms in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treated with intense regulated pulsed light (IRPL), and to further investigate which parameter could predict positive outcomes of the procedure. Twenty-eight patients who bilaterally received three IRPL sessions at day 1, 15, and 45 satisfied the criteria and were included in the study. Non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibography, tear osmolarity, and ocular discomfort symptoms were measured before and 30 days after the last IRPL session. Qualified or complete success was defined in the presence of an improvement of symptoms associated with an increase of NIBUT (< or ≥ 20%). After IRPL treatment, median NIBUT and LLT increased from 7.5 to 10.2 s and 2.0 to 3.0, respectively (p <0.001); tear osmolarity decreased from 304.0 to 301.0 mOsm/L (p = 0.002). Subjective symptoms improved after IRPL in 26 patients. Qualified success was reached in 34 eyes, while complete success in 16 eyes. Patients with lower baseline break-up time (BUT) values showed better response to treatment (p = 0.04). In conclusion, IRPL improved signs and symptoms in MGD patients, while lower baseline NIBUT values were predictive of better response to IRPL.

scholarly journals Image-based quantitative analysis of tear film lipid layer thickness for meibomian gland evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonha Hwang ◽  
Hee-Jae Jeon ◽  
Kin Choong Yow ◽  
Ho Sik Hwang ◽  
EuiHeon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Lipid Layer

scholarly journals Androgen and meibomian gland dysfunction: from basic molecular biology to clinical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-922
Author(s):  
Li-Xiang Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

Meibomian gland, the largest sebaceous gland of the body, is responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid layer of the tear film to prevent excessive evaporation. The loss of normal functions of meibomian gland, known as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), is a chronic disease and is the leading cause of dry eye symptoms in the clinics. Studies have found sex hormones, especially androgen, play vital roles in the regulation of the functions of meibomian gland. Recently, androgen has also been preliminarily applied in clinics for the treatment of MGD and showed promising results, especially in people with endogenous androgen deficiency. This review summarized the mechanisms of the function of androgen on meibomian gland based on molecular, animal, and clinical studies, and proposed evidence-based views about its potential applications for the treatment of MGD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document