Mean Tear-Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Video Display Terminal Time as Risk Factors for Abnormal Blinking in Children

Objective: To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and the role of the tear-film lipid layer thickness (LLT) as a function of duration of video display terminal (VDT) use in children.Methods: Children attending the Optometry Clinic of Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University were recruited for the study between June 2019 and June 2020. Time spent viewing a VDT (VDTt) over the previous 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured over a 10 s period using the Lipiview® interferometer (Tear Science, Morrisville, NC, USA), and participants were allocated into groups with normal blinking (NBG, blink rate < 20 blinks/min) and abnormal blinking (ABG, blink rate ≥ 20 blinks/min). T-test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the differences in tear film (TF) stability indexes and meibomian gland function indexes between the two groups. Binary logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for abnormal blinking and protective factors related to children's use of VDT, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also conducted.Results: A total of 167 children were included, with no statistically significant differences in age or sex between the two groups. According to the t-test, VDTt was significantly higher in ABG than NBG, while TF stability indices including tear break up time, LLT and the height of the tear meniscus, were significantly higher in NBG than ABG (P < 0.001). The results also showed better meibomian gland function in NBG than ABG (P < 0.05). Binary logistic analysis showed that VDTt is an important risk factor for abnormal blinking, and the average of LLT (AVG) was found to be an important protective factor for children using a VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 1.5 h and 57.5 nm, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve value of VDTt and AVG was 0.833 and 0.969, respectively (P < 0.001).Conclusion: In children, VDTt is an important risk factor for abnormal blinking, and the AVG is an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods.

Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences

Objective To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and compare these between boys and girls. Methods Children attending the Children's Optometry Clinic between June 2019 and June 2020 were recruited for the study. The time they had spent viewing video displays (VDTt) over the past 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured and all participants were allocated to groups based on their blink rate (<20 times/min = normal blinking group, NBG; ≥20 times/min = abnormal blinking group, ABG). Tear film (TF) stability was also evaluated. The corresponding statistical methods are used to analyze the data. Results A total of 87 boys and 80 girls were enrolled in the study. No significant difference in age was found between the 2 groups. There was a significant difference in TF stability between the two groups (P<0.05). According to binary logistic analysis, VDTt and ocular protection index (OPI) are important risk factors for abnormal blinking, with cut-off values of 1.75 hours and 1.014 respectively in boys; and 1.25 hours and 1.770 respectively in girls. The average of lipid layer thickness was an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 58.5 nm in boys and 53.5nm in girls. Conclusion Risk factors for abnormal blinking in both boys and girls include VDTt and OPI.

INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN AKUNTANSI DI YOUTUBE MENYONGSONG INDONESIA EMAS 2045

— Indonesia is currently launching an era of demographic bonuses in which the productive population is more dominant than the non-productive population. They are the golden generation that will realize Indonesia Golden 2045. The subject of this research is about innovation in accounting learning to realize the educational goals of 2020, namely capacity building, modernization of the learning process with the use of technology, strengthening services, easy access, and can be felt by all levels of society. The method used is qualitative, data in the form of accounting learning videos on YouTube which are analyzed logically-inductively and then presented descriptively. The results of the study note that there is already an accounting learning video on YouTube but its nature is scattered so that it cannot be used as a complete learning medium for this purpose it is necessary to collaborate with several parties to create an integrated Accounting Learning account and complete one course in accordance with the established curriculum. In order for the video display to suit the tastes of the learner, the making involves students across campus. A complete accounting learning video can be used as a learning media with a blended learning system so that face-to-face meeting is more effective for practice and case studies. Keywords: Accounting Learning; Millennial Generation; YouTube; Indonesia Gold 2045.

Immediate Effects of Different Screen Sizes on Visual Fatigue in Video Display Terminal Users

Objectives: Computer usage has rapidly grown. This is because it helps to resolve problems, i.e., encountered in daily life by individuals. Various monitor screens that have been developed affect the user’s eyes. Screen size is one of the relevant impacts. Thus, this study compared the immediate effects of two computer screen sizes on visual fatigue in Video Display Terminal (VDT) users. Methods: Twenty female VDT users participated in this study. Using a randomized block design for the study, the study participants randomly drew a ballot to determine the order of using an 18.5-inch and 23-inch computer screen size. The research participants were assessed by a visual fatigue score, critical flicker frequency, and dry eye score before and after using both computer screen sizes. They were tested in an ergonomic computer workstation for 2 hours. Besides, where they rested between each workstation for ≥30 minutes or until presetting no eye fatigue symptoms. The relevant data were compared between before and after using the computers and between the two different screen sizes. Results: The collected results suggested no significant difference in the visual fatigue score, critical flicker frequency, and dry eye score between using either computer screen sizes (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in the visual fatigue score, critical flicker frequency, and dry eye score between before and after computer screen usage (P<0.05). Discussion: Using both computer screen sizes resulted in increased visual fatigue, reduced critical flicker frequency, and increased dry eyes. The present study results can provide information in determining how to reduce risk factors and prevent visual fatigue from continuous computer use for a long time.

Supervised Learning Based Peripheral Vision System for Immersive Visual Experiences for Extended Display

Video display content can be extended to the walls of the living room around the TV using projection. The problem of providing appropriate projection content is hard for the computer and we solve this problem with deep neural network. We propose the peripheral vision system that provides the immersive visual experiences to the user by extending the video content using deep learning and projecting that content around the TV screen. The user may manually create the appropriate content for the existing TV screen, but it is too expensive to create it. The PCE (Pixel context encoder) network considers the center of the video frame as input and the outside area as output to extend the content using supervised learning. The proposed system is expected to pave a new road to the home appliance industry, transforming the living room into the new immersive experience platform.