scholarly journals Community perceptions and response to flood risks in Nyando District, Western Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen Nyakundi ◽  
Stephen Mogere ◽  
Isaac Mwanzo ◽  
Andre Yitambe
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Impact

In Kenya, the ability of local people to resist the impact of disasters has not been given adequate attention. A descriptive cross sectional study sought to investigate community perceptions and responses to flood risks in low and high risk areas of the Nyando District, Western Kenya. A total of 528 households, six government officials and have project managers of Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) were interviewed. Additionally, seven Focus Group Discussions(FGDs) involving three women, two male and two teacher groups were conducted. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Program. The Chi-square test was used to determine associations and di'erences between variables. In the study, 83% of the respondents were aware of Traditional Flood Knowledge (TFK) and 80% acknowledged its use. Perception of the risk is influenced by several variables, most notably past experience of major floods and having survived them. Residents in the high risk areas had signfficantly higher levels of awareness and use of traditional flood knowledge. they were more aware of the nature of the flood related health risks they were exposed to and appeared better prepared for future flood risk. They were, however, more dependent on external aid. On the other hand, residents living in the low risk area reported better success with their response mechanisms.

Do Hospitals with a Higher Level of Maternal Care Designation Have Better Maternal Outcomes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhu Srinivas ◽  
Katy Kozhimannil ◽  
Peiyin Hung ◽  
Laura Attanasio ◽  
Judy Jou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Background A recent document by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine introduced the concept of uniform levels of maternal care (LMCs). Objective We assessed LMC across hospitals and measured their association with maternal morbidity, focusing on women with high-risk conditions. Study Design We collected data from hospitals from May to November 2015 and linked survey responses to Statewide Inpatient Databases (SID) hospital discharge data in a retrospective cross-sectional study of 247,383 births admitted to 236 hospitals. Generalized logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between hospitals' LMC and the risk of severe maternal morbidity. Stratified analyses were conducted among women with high-risk conditions. Results High-risk pregnancies were more likely to be managed in hospitals with higher LMC (p < 0.001). Women with cardiac conditions had lower odds of maternal morbidity when delivered in level I compared with level IV units (adjusted odds ratio: 0.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.99; p = 0.049). There were no other significant associations between the LMC and severe maternal morbidity. Conclusion A higher proportion of high-risk pregnancies were managed within level IV units, although there was no overall evidence that these births had superior outcomes. Further prospective evaluation of LMC designation with patient outcomes is necessary to determine the impact of regionalization on maternal outcomes.

scholarly journals IS SPIRITUALITY HELPING TO OVERCOME ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND MENTAL STRESS AMONG BLIND ADOLESCENTS? : A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF A BLIND SCHOOL, MEERUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Anuradha Davey ◽  
Kaynat Nasser ◽  
Sanjeev Davey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Coping Ability ◽  
The Impact

Background Vision impairment can extend from no vision – visual impairment – or exceptionally low vision to not having the option to see specific hues. Serious vision misfortune or visual deficiency can influence your kid's development and learning. Early mediation can enable your kid to contact his maximum capacity. Otherworldliness gives an individual a feeling of rising above their prompt conditions and an intrapersonal development of direction and importance for their own life, with an inward feeling of association and trust in their own interior assets. Objective The goals of this study were to examine the impact of spirituality on both coping skills and vision-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the effect of psychological manifestations among Sparsh Govt. Blind Inter College, Partapur Meerut. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted and purposive sampling was used. Percentages and chi square test was used to find the most common and association of different psychological manifestations. Result In our study, 13.8% had depression of varying degree. The most common psychological manifestation was anxiety (46.7%) among them and 11.7% of students were feeling stress in their life. Students with depression and stress affected coping ability while stress had no affect Conclusion It was found in the study that spirituality was positively associated with coping ability and hence with general mental health. Moreover, spirituality was associated significantly with vision-specific HRQOL. The results showed that spirituality played a mediating role in the linkage between vision impairment and general mental health among adolescents of Sparsh Govt. Blind Inter College, Partapur, Meerut.

High-risk behaviors and demographic features: a cross-sectional study among Iranian adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ghahremani ◽  
Mahin Nazari ◽  
Maryam Changizi ◽  
Mohamad Hossein Kaveh
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Demographic Features

Abstract Background and objectives High-risk behaviors are considered to be a serious threat among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of unhealthy and high-risk behaviors and their relationship with demographic features in adolescents living in Shiraz, Iran. Materials and methods The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 483 students in the 10th grade of high school. The data were collected using a demographic information form and a modified adolescents high-risk behaviors questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the test-retest method. Afterwards, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (IBM), version 22 and were analyzed using the chi-square (χ2) test, logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results High-risk health behaviors were significantly correlated to adolescents’ gender, parents’ occupations and education levels, length of residency in Shiraz and talking about important things with one’s parents (p < 0.03). Gender predicted 52% of variance of bullying behaviors at school [Exp(B) = 0.502, p < 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.261–0.996]. In fact, most high-risk behaviors were associated with gender (p < 0.001). Indeed, bullying was mostly reported in boys, while being hopeless or sad, suicide attempts and appropriate weight loss behaviors were mostly reported among girls. Additionally, the frequency of smoking cigarettes and using hookahs was higher among girls compared to boys (23.1% for smoking cigarettes and 39.6% for using hookahs). However, no significant correlation was observed between gender and smoking cigarettes and using hookahs (p > 0.704 for smoking cigarettes and p > 0.118 for using hookahs). The most prevalent high-risk behaviors were physical fighting (51.1%), being sad or hopeless (35.2%), alcohol abuse (26.7%), overweight (14.7%) and obesity (8.1%) in both genders. Based on the results, only 26.5% of the adolescents had sufficient physical activity. Besides, the adolescents’ weight scores were significantly correlated to eating green salads (p < 0.01), which was seen more among overweight adolescents. Conclusion The findings indicated that adolescents’ gender and their parents’ roles should be taken into consideration in designing health promotion programs, such as mental health and its related skills. This would eventually result in the prevention and reduction of unhealthy habits.

scholarly journals Low Back Pain among Medical Students in Belgrade (Serbia): A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidora Vujcic ◽  
Nemanja Stojilovic ◽  
Eleonora Dubljanin ◽  
Nebojsa Ladjevic ◽  
Ivana Ladjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To examine the prevalence of low back pain, to identify self-perceived triggers of low back pain, and to investigate the impact of perceived pain on the daily activities and mood among medical students. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 459 fourth year students at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade during December 2014. The anonymous questionnaire was used for data collection. In data analysis, the chi-square test and t-test were used. Results. The lifetime prevalence of low back pain was 75.8%, 12-month prevalence 59.5%, and point prevalence 17.2%. Chronic low back pain was experienced by 12.4% of the students. Both the lifetime (p=0.001) and the 12-month (p=0.001) low back pain prevalence rates were significantly higher among female medical students. Mental stress during an exam period (p=0.001), sitting at the university (p=0.002), fatigue (p=0.043), improper body posture (p=0.005), and lack of exercise (p=0.001) as self-perceived triggers of low back pain were significantly more often reported by female students, compared to males. Regarding daily functioning, the experience of low back pain mostly affects students sleeping (14.6%) and walking (12.0%). Conclusions. The prevalence of LBP is high among Belgrade medical students and significantly affects their everyday functioning.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE OF MARRIAGEABLE AGE, EDUCATION, MATCHMAKING AND CHILD MARRIAGE IN FEMALES IN BANJARNEGARA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Reni Sumanti ◽  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Dhesi Ari Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Background: Teenage marriage is still found in developing countries, including Indonesia. The percentage of teenage marriage in females in Indonesia is 11.5%. Various factors related to teenage marriage are education, knowledge, economy, and culture. Impacts caused by teenage marriages include pregnancy in adolescence which results in increased maternal and infant deaths, dropouts, and poor quality of the family. The prevalence of teenage marriage in Banjarnegara in 2016 was 23%, higher than the national prevalence.Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between factors related to knowledge of marriageable age, education, matchmaking and child marriage in females in Banjarnegara Indonesia.Methods: This was a correlational cross sectional study. There were 96 respondents selected using proportionated stratified random sampling Chi square and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: Findings show that there were statistically significant correlations between knowledge of marriageable age, education and child marriage. There was no signifciant relationship between matchmaking and child marriage, Respondents with low knowledge were 0.5 times more likely to have child marriage compared with those with high knowledge (p = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.320-0.782).Conclusion: Knowledge of marriageable age is cosidered as the dominant factor affecting child marriage in Banjarnegara Indonesia. It is suggested that health care providers should continuously promote about the impact of child marriage to increase the knowledge of marriageable age.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis: The Hidden Part of the Iceberg

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4066
Author(s):  
Nicola Capasso ◽  
Raffaele Palladino ◽  
Emma Montella ◽  
Francesca Pennino ◽  
Roberta Lanzillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. We compared the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM in multiple sclerosis (MS), low-risk, and high-risk populations and explored possible clinical correlates. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited MS patients, low-risk (university staff from non-clinical departments), and high-risk individuals (healthcare staff from COVID-19 wards) from 11 May to 15 June 2020. We used lateral flow immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM. We used t-test, Fisher’s exact test, chi square test, or McNemar’s test, as appropriate, to evaluate between-group differences. Results. We recruited 310 MS patients (42.3 ± 12.4 years; females 67.1%), 862 low-risk individuals (42.9 ± 13.3 years; females 47.8%), and 235 high-risk individuals (39.4 ± 10.9 years; females 54.5%). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM in MS patients (n = 9, 2.9%) was significantly lower than in the high-risk population (n = 25, 10.6%) (p < 0.001), and similar to the low-risk population (n = 11, 1.3%) (p = 0.057); these results were also confirmed after random matching by age and sex (1:1:1). No significant differences were found in demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory features. Among MS patients positive to SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM (n = 9), only two patients retrospectively reported mild and short-lasting COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions. MS patients have similar risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the general population, and can be asymptomatic from COVID-19, also if using treatments with systemic immunosuppression.

Cross-sectional study ofOpisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma in communities within a high-risk area in northeast thailand

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Haswell-Elkins ◽  
Eimorn Mairiang ◽  
Pisaln Mairiang ◽  
Jittaroen Chaiyakum ◽  
Nittaya Chamadol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Viverrini Infection

Determinants associated high-risk fertility behaviours among reproductive aged women in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fertility Behaviour

Abstract Background The high prevalence of maternal high-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) has multiple negative consequences for both the mother and the child. However, very few studies to date have been done on this issue, thus, we set out to determine the factors that increase the risk of HRFB in Bangladeshi women of reproductive age 15-49 years. Methods The study utilised the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 dataset. The Pearson's chi-square test was performed to determine the relationships between the outcome and the independent variables, while multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the potential determinants associated with HRFB. Results Overall 67.7% women had HRFB among them 45.6% were at single risk and 22.1% were at multiple high-risks. Women’s age (35-49 years: AOR=6.42 95% CI: 3.95-10.42 & 15-24 years: AOR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.38), practicing Islam (AOR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.18-7.58), having normal childbirth (AOR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.12-1.68), had more than three children (AOR=4.60, 95% CI: 4.14-6.15), unwanted pregnancy (AOR=9.98, 95% CI: 5.61-17.74) and not using birth control tools (AOR=1.33, 95% CI:1.14-1.55) were significantly associated with increasing risk of having HRFB. Alternatively, women and their partners’ higher education were associated with reducing HRFB. Conclusion A significant proportion of Bangladeshi women had high-risk fertility behaviour which is quite alarming. Therefore, the public health policy makers in Bangladesh should emphasis on this issue and design appropriate interventions to reduce the maternal HRFB.

scholarly journals Impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension on fetal growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Raymond Surya ◽  
Lidia F. Nembo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Mother ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
The Impact

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is still a major cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study to investigate the impact of PIH on fetal growth.Methods: A longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted by 2,076 obstetric patients registered in the book of delivery emergency room BLUD RSUD Ende/ Ende hospital from September 1st 2014 to August 31st 2015. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was classified into gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and severe preeclampsia. Categorical comparative chi-square continued by logistic regression analysis were performed to examine the effect of PIH to infants’ growth outcome.Results: Women with preeclampsia had higher number of preterm delivery (26.7%). Infants born from preeclamptic women had lower birth weight (median 2,575 gram; p<0.001), birth length (median 49 cm; p<0.001), and also head circumference (median 32 cm; p<0.001). Severe preeclampsia contributed statistically significance to SGA (OR=1.90; 95% CI=1.20-3.01; adjusted OR=1.91; 95% CI=1.20-3.01) and LGA (OR=2.70; 95% CI=1.00-7.29; adjusted OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.07-8.00). Based on birth weight independent of gestational age, severe preeclampsia had an impact to VLBW (OR=11.45; 95% CI=2.77-47.38; adjusted OR=8.68; 95% CI=1.57-48.04) and LBW (OR=6.57; 95% CI=4.01-10.79; adjusted OR=5.71; 95% CI=3.33-9.78) where it showed statistical significance.Conclusion: PIH women who had SGA or VLBL or LBW infants were caused by the hypoperfusion model as the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Meanwhile, LGA infants born by preeclamptic women were due to the compensation of the decrease from uteroplacental perfusion or other diseases such as obese mother or gestational.diabetes mellitus.

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