scholarly journals Colourimetric analysis of some powdered medicinal herbs from Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adepoju Ogunkunle ◽  
Jennifer Ideh
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Tool Setting ◽  
Typical Colour

Background: The organoleptic evaluation of herbal drugs is as old as science, but the authentication of herbs on the basis of their fluorescence characteristics is difficult and sometimes impracticable because humans are limited by their sense of colour recognition.Aim: This article undertakes a computer-aided examination of some powdered herbal materials with a view to characterising them calourimetrically, thus providing a reliable organoleptic clue for their authentication, against possible misidentification.Setting: Research was conducted in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.Methods: Seventeen herbal materials (i.e. stem bark, root/root bark, vines, fruit calyx, leaf sheath and seed) used for two traditional powdered drugs were collected and pulverised into powders. Their colours were digitised by scanning the surface of the powders in petri dishes using a CamScanner installed on a Samsung Galaxy Tablet 10.1 Model 7500, and were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by uploading the images into the online Cool Hypertext Preprocessor (Cool PHP) software tool, setting the number of colours at five, thus giving consideration to only five dominant colour shades in each image, all expressed as hexadecimal codes. The codes were uploaded into Chir.ag/art, another online tool, to read off the colour names. The relative mean percentage, frequency and relative colour intensity (RCI) of each colour shade were calculated, and the colour with the highest RCI was taken as the first or typical colour of each herb.Results: Nine of the 62 colours observed, namely Lucky, Sandrift, Cannon Pink, Potters Clay, Mandalay, Ferra, Domino, Russet and Roti, were highly restricted in distribution, each being the first or typical colour in only one species of the herbs (i.e. Enantia chlorantha, Garcinia kola, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Khaya senegalensis, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Sorghum bicolor, Theobroma cacao, Uvaria chamae and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides respectively). These colours were therefore substantially diagnostic of those herbs. Another nine colours among the most frequently observed colours and the number of species that had them were Pesto (9), Shadow (8), Driftwood (8), Barley Corn (5), Domino (4), Roman Coffee (4), Cape Palliser (4), Himalaya (4) and Husk (4); these were less diagnostic of the herbs in question. Based on the distribution of these colours, a diagnostic PHP colour chart was constructed for the authentication of the powdered medicinal herbs.Conclusion: Powders of the 17 medicinal herbs analysed have been characterised colourimetrically with each species being unambiguously diagnosed. The study has therefore circumvented the subjectivity of the human sense of colour recognition in medicinal herb authentication.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Documentation of the Composition of Two Powdered Herbal Formulations (Antimalarial and Haematinic) Using Ethnomedicinal Information from Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adepoju Tunde Joseph Ogunkunle ◽  
Tosin Mathew Oyelakin ◽  
Abosede Oluwaseyi Enitan ◽  
Funmilayo Elizabeth Oyewole
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Herbal Formulations

The safety of many African traditional herbal remedies is doubtful due to lack of standardization. This study therefore attempted to standardize two polyherbal formulations from Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, with respect to the relative proportions (weight-for-weight) of their botanical constituents. Information supplied by 41 local herbal practitioners was statistically screened for consistency and then used to quantify the composition of antimalarial (Maloff-HB) and haematinic (Haematol-B) powdered herbal formulations with nine and ten herbs, respectively. Maloff-HB contained the stem bark ofEnantia chloranthaOliv. (30.0),Alstonia booneiDe Wild (20.0),Mangifera indicaL. (10.0),Okoubaka aubrevilleiPhelleg & Nomand (8.0),Pterocarpus osunCraib (4.0), root bark ofCalliandra haematocephalaHassk (10.0),Sarcocephalus latifolius(J. E. Smith) E. A. Bruce (8.0),Parquetina nigrescens(Afz.) Bullock (6.0), and the vines ofCassytha filiformisL. (4.0), while Haematol-B was composed of the leaf sheath ofSorghum bicolorMoench (30.0), fruit calyx ofHibiscus sabdariffaL. (20.0), stem bark ofTheobroma cacaoL. (10.0),Khaya senegalensis(Desr.) A. Juss (5.5),Mangifera indica(5.5), root ofAristolochia ringensVahl. (7.0), root bark ofSarcocephalus latifolius(5.5),Uvaria chamaeP. Beauv. (5.5),Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides(Lam.) Zepern & Timler (5.5), and seed ofGarcinia kolaHeckel (5.5). In pursuance of their general acceptability, the two herbal formulations are recommended for their pharmaceutical, phytochemical, and microbial qualities.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies On The Phytochemical Screening And In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Garcinia Kola Stem And Root Barks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip O. Amira ◽  
Adebayo S. Daramola ◽  
Ayobioloja A. Philomina ◽  
Salau A. Ibukun
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Phytochemicals are natural chemicals of plant origin that have implicated in anti-disease mechanism. Antioxidant are insulator of the process of the oxidation even at relatively small concentration and this have diverse physiological role in the body. They are naturally occurring in the medicinal plants, vegetables, leaves and roots that have defense mechanism and protect from various diseases as well inhibit, or delay the oxidation of other molecules by inhibiting the initiation or propagation of oxidizing chain reaction. Garcinia kola is a tropical flowering plant grown mainly in West and Central Africa. Garcinia kola is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, comparative studies on the phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity on aqueous extracts of stem and root of Garcinia kola were investigated to assess their antioxidant properties in different antioxidant property determination assays. Aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola stem and root bark revealed the presence of tannins, resin, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates and alkaloids. In addition, the aqueous root bark extract of the plant contained phlobatanins and sterols while its stem bark aqueous extract contained terpenoids. The IC50 (μg/ml) values of the stem bark extract were 108.35 ± 7.70, 122.81 ± 3.98, 0.20 ± 0.01, 0.16 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ±0.01 for total antioxidant capacity (AAE), ferric reducing antioxidant activity (AAE), diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and metal chelating activity respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 (μg/ml) values of the root bark extract were 31.54 ± 2.72, 30.50 ± 0.96, 2.26 ± 0.13, 4.36 ± 0.52 and 0.75 ± 0.04 for total antioxidant capacity (AAE), ferric reducing antioxidant activity (AAE), diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and metal chelating activity respectively. Consequently, both the stem bark and root bark extracts generally exhibited remarkable in vitro antioxidant properties with respect to the parameters investigated.

Gakolanone: a new benzophenone derivative from Garcinia kola Heckel stem-bark

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seide M. Akoro ◽  
Olapeju O. Aiyelaagbe ◽  
Patricia A. Onocha ◽  
James B. Gloer
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Garcinia Kola Heckel

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and TLC Profile of Fruits and Flowers of Alstonia venenata R. Br.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. K. ◽  
George E. ◽  
Kunjumon M. ◽  
Thankamani I.
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Spray Reagent ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Ceric Sulphate

Alstonia venenata R. Br. belonging to the family Apocynaceae is a tall evergreen shrub distributed throughout Peninsular India. Stem-bark, root-bark, fruits and leaves are used by many tribal communities and also in Ayurveda. The study investigates the phytochemical composition of hexane, butanol, methanol and water extracts of Alstonia venenata fruits and flowers as well as the TLC profile of hexane extracts of fruits and flowers. Quantitative data of the wet and dry weight, yields from different solvent fractions and percentage yields were noted. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds from the various extracts. Alkaloids were present in all the fractions tested. Methanol extracts of fruits and flowers showed the presence of major phytoconstituents. TLC profile of hexane extracts of fruits and flowers were developed using anisaldehyde sulphuric acid/ceric sulphate (steroids/terpenoids) and Dragendorff’s spray reagents (alkaloids). Petroleum ether: Chloroform: Methanol (5: 4.5: 0.5) showed good resolution for the hexane extracts of fruit and flower when treated with Dragendorff’s spray reagent. Petroleum ether: Chloroform (1:1) was best for the hexane exacts of flowers and fruits when sprayed with ceric sulphate spray reagent

scholarly journals In vivo antioxidant effect of aqueous root bark, stem bark and leaves extracts of Vitex doniana in CCl4 induced liver damage rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadejo Olubukola Adetoro ◽  
James Dorcas Bolanle ◽  
Sallau Balarebe Abdullahi ◽  
Ozigi Abdulrahaman Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Vitex Doniana ◽  
In Vivo Antioxidant Effect

Antioxidative, antimitotic, and DNA-damaging activities of Garcinia kola stem bark, Uvaria chamae root, and Olax subscorpioidea root used in the ethnotherapy of cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo D. Popoola ◽  
Olufunsho Awodele ◽  
Folashayo Babawale ◽  
Oluwatoyin Oguns ◽  
Olawale Onabanjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Scge Assay

AbstractGarcinia kola (GK) stem bark, Uvaria chamae (UC) root, and Olax subscorpioidea (OS) root are components of various indigenous/traditional anticancer regimens. It is, therefore, possible that they might combat oxidative stress and impair cellular proliferation linked to carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative, mito-depressive, and DNA-damaging activities of the three plant extracts in order to provide further mechanistic insights into their potential anticancer roles in documented cancer remedies that include them. Antioxidative properties were investigated in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays and an animal model of drug (cisplatin)-induced oxidative stress. The Allium cepa assay and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay were used to assess mito-depressive and DNA-damaging activities. GK and OS showed significantly higher antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay than ascorbic acid; OS had the lowest IC50 of the three plants in the NO assay, comparable to that of ascorbic acid. Pretreatment with the extracts produced an ameliorative and protective effect against the cisplatin-induced oxidative stress as shown by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and improved or restored reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. In the Allium test, the three extracts produced significant decreases in root growth and also significant cytotoxicity as evidenced by decreased mitotic index. Each of the extracts also showed significantly increased tail DNA (%) in the SCGE assay, indicating the significant DNA-damaging effect. Taken together, this study demonstrates the possible chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potentials of the three study extracts, which may explain the roles of their source plants in traditional remedies in the therapy of cancers.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of root bark and stem bark of Shyonaka

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabinarayan Acharya ◽  
BR Patel ◽  
B Ravishankar ◽  
Krunal Doshi ◽  
R Ilanchezhian
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Constituents and Anthelmintic Activity Evaluation of Albizia Adiantifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright Essential Oils FromNigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinsola Akande ◽  
Sherifat Aboaba ◽  
Guido Flamini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Significant Difference

Albizia adiantifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright (Fabaceae) is a plant used traditionally in treating different health ailments which includes worm infections. The essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation in an all glass Clevenger apparatus, and characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). In vitro petri-dish anthelmintic activity was carried out using adult earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. The leaves, stem bark and root bark EOs afforded a total of 40, 26 and 20 constituents representing 90.9%, 94.1% and 90.9% of the total oil fractions respectively. The classes of compounds identified in the leaves, stem bark and root bark are oxygenated monoterpenes (4.1%, 1.7% and 4.0% respectively), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (39.5%, 67.3% and 42.6% respectively), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (18.7%, 22.3% and 30.1% respectively), non-terpene derivatives (12.1%, 2.6% and 14.2% respectively) and apocarotenoids (16.5% and 0.2% in the leaves and stem-bark). β-caryophyllene (23.0%), E-geranylacetone (7.4%), acorenone (6.4%), viridiflorol (6.4%), α-zingiberene (6.3%) and ar-curcumene (4.6%) were the major constituents in the leaves oil, β-caryophyllene (39.3%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (10.4%), α-zingiberene (9.6%), ar-curcumene (7.2%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%) and α-humulene (5.6%) were the major constituents in the stem bark oil, while β-caryophyllene (32.1%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (13.1%), caryophyllene oxide (8.4%), pentadecanal (6.1%) and α -humulene (4.4%) were the major constituents in the root bark oil. β -caryophyllene dominated the oils. The leaf EO was the most active against E. eugeniae worm. All the oils showed a relatively higher activity compared to Albendazole, in a concentration dependent manner. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in activity.

scholarly journals Triterpenoids from Anthocleista grandiflora (Gentianaceae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Magadula ◽  
Dulcie A. Mulholland ◽  
Neil R. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Root Bark

The stem bark of Anthocleista grandiflora (Gentianaceae) has yielded five triterpenoids, baruol, 3-deacetylmongolenin, anthocleistone, 6-ketoanthocleistone and lupenone together with scopoletin and (+)-de- O-methyllasiodiplodin. 3-Deacetyl-mongolenin was isolated from the leaves while the root bark yielded, in addition to the above compounds, the secoiridoid, sweroside.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document