scholarly journals Isolation of Haemophilus somnus from dairy cattle in KwaZulu-Natal : an emerging cause of 'dirty cow syndrome' and infertility? : short communication

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Last ◽  
M.D. Macfarlane ◽  
C.J. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Haemophilus Somnus ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Natural Breeding

Haemophilus somnus was consistently isolated from vaginal discharges of dairy cows submitted from field cases of vaginitis, cervicitis and/or metritis in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands during the period July 1995 - December 2000 and from the East Griqualand area in November/December 2000. The purulent vaginal discharges, red granular vaginitis and cervicitis, and pain on palpation described in these cases was very similar to that reported in outbreaks of H.somnus endometritis syndrome in Australia, Europe and North America. In all the herds involved in these outbreaks, natural breeding with bulls was employed. Although there was a good cure rate in clinically-affected animals treated with tetracyclines, culling rates for chronic infertility were unacceptably high. Employment of artificial insemination in these herds improved pregnancy rates in cows that had calved previously, but many cows that had formerly been infected failed to conceive.

scholarly journals Oestrus synchronisation in postpartum dairy cows using repetitive prostaglandin doses: Comparison between D-cloprostenol and dinoprost

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Marín ◽  
Jose Sánchez ◽  
Guillermo Vizuete ◽  
Luis Quintela ◽  
Laura Molina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This trial evaluated the reproductive performance in an early routine oestrus induction programme using two different PGF2α preparations in dairy cattle. D-cloprostenol sodium (n = 192; Group A) or dinoprost (n = 187; Group B) was administered between days 35 and 42 post partum. Also, a group of non-treated cows (n = 135; Group C) was included as control. Pedometers were used to detect oestrus, and also secondary oestrous signs and vaginal mucus quality were assessed prior to artificial insemination (AI). When oestrus was not detected for 14 days after PGF2α administration, the treatment was repeated, up to a maximum of three times. There were no differences between the study groups in oestrus detection (A = 73.48%, B = 73.01%, C = 79.26%; P = 0.428), good mucus quality (A = 96.45%, B = 91.30%, C = 93.45%; P = 0.203) and the presence of mounting lesions (A = 98.58, B = 94.93%, C = 98.13; P = 0.414). First-service pregnancy rates were 19.78%, 15.64% and 32.03% in Groups A, B and C, respectively (P = 0.003). There were no inter-group differences for the interval from parturition to first AI. However, a significantly shorter interval from parturition to conception (92.17 days, 99.45 days, 118.93 days; P = 0.002) and significantly less services per conception (2.12, 2.18, 2.66; P = 0.003) were observed in Groups A and B in comparison with Group C. The use of PGF2α resulted in better fertility in a repetitive, routine postpartum programme, although no differences between Dcloprostenol and dinoprost were detected.

scholarly journals Short communication: Test for nonpregnancy in dairy cows based on plasma progesterone concentrations before and after timed artificial insemination

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 5858-5865 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Wilsdorf ◽  
D.H. Keisler ◽  
S.E. Poock ◽  
W.R. Lamberson ◽  
R.C. Escalante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination

scholarly journals Efficiency of Intravulval Lip Route of Prostaglandin F2a Administration on Estrus Synchron

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A. Srikandakumar ◽  
A. Mohammed ◽  
A. AI-Abri
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
Different Doses

Estrus was synchronized in dairy cattle using the synthetic prostaglandin F2a (PG) analog Estnunate (Coopers Animal Health Ltd., Berkhamsed, England. UK; 250 ug/ml of cloprostenol). PG was administered by two routes at two different doses, 500 ug by im route (control) and 125 pg by intravulval lip (ivu) route (treatment). All animals were bred by artificial insemination (AI) to detected estrus using the am-pm breeding rule (BR). First service conception rate (FSCR) for all dairy cows and heifers was 70% for the control and 54% for the treatment groups (P>0.05). The FSCR was also not different (P>0.05) between Holstein (HOL) and Australian Milking Zebu (AMZ) breeds (HOL 52% and AMZ 78%). Moreover, all the animals in this study were confirmed pregnant by the end of the breeding season. In conclusion, dairy cows and heifers can be successfully synchronized using only 125 pg of cloprostenol without impairing fertility. This dose corresponds to only one fourth of the recommended dose of 500 pg of cloprostenol by the manufacturer.  

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities on Estrus Synchronization and Mass Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows for Smallholders in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Belete Abebe ◽  
Mulugeta Alemayehu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, the potentials and constraints on estrus synchronization (ES) and artificial insemination (AI) practice for dairy cattle producers were overviewed. Compared to other African countries, Ethiopia has large numbers of dairy cattle population. However, the self-sufficiency in milk production is not yet attained due to the presence of a lot of limitations that hamper the success of ES and mass AI practice in many parts of the country such as improper selection of cows/heifers, inseminating a large number of cows/heifers in one day at a specific place (which creates stress for both AI technicians and female animals), absence of a data recording system, lack of clearly defined share of responsibilities among stakeholders, poor communication and collaboration among stakeholders, lack of motivations and skills of AI technicians, lack of support and readily available inputs, feed shortages, improper heat detection by smallholders and time of insemination, and lower reproductive performances of both indigenous and crossbred cows which consequently contributed to the unsuccessfulness of the technology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Failure of Oestrus Synchronization and Mass Insemination in Conception Rate of Dairy Cows in Silte Zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
sharew mekonnen Haile ◽  
Tigist Wondala ◽  
Mesobework kassa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Quality Problem ◽  
Estrous Synchronization

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate failure of oestrus synchronization and mass insemination in the conception of dairy cattle in Silte zone. To evaluate the mechanism of the failure of OSMI conception rate we have collected (HF, jersey, and HF×Boran breed semen) from the three districts and evaluated their quality in NAGII laboratory thereafter bought 1000 qualified HF semen straw and distributed in the 3 districts. 150 cows were brought by farmers for services, and from those cows 130 cows were fulfil the precondition for this program and injected them with 2 ml of PGF2 alpha hormone. Among the 130 injected cows, 72 (55.38%) of them were responded from day 2 up to day 3 after hormone treated and then inseminated them. The lower percentages of conception rate which was observed in this study were associated with low number of AIT and mass number of cows provided during OSMI program, lack of awareness about heat detection, lack of inseminator equipment and cows did not properly managed after hormone and semen administered as we evaluated. As a result, the quality of semen in Dalocha and Sankura districts was facing with quality problem. We have checked the AITs efficiency through placing six cow per AIT thereafter they inseminated them. As a result, there was no AIT efficiency difference on conception rate based on their working experience in this study. Generally, there is a great need of skilled and experienced technician and capacity building of farmers in heat detection, husbandry practices, and good handling practice of semen in the office and improvement strategy. Therefore, improvement in facilities and management should be necessary before implementing an effective estrous synchronization and mass artificial insemination programs.

scholarly journals Economics of Twin Pregnancies in Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Victor E. Cabrera ◽  
Paul M. Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Hormonal Manipulation

Twinning in Holstein dairy cows has increased over time concurrent with increased milk production. Twinning in dairy cattle is not desirable due to the negative effects on both cows that calve twins and calves born as twins that result in economic losses to dairy farms. Although a twin pregnancy could bring additional income from extra calves and shorten gestation length, twinning compromises milk production, increases the incidence of dystocia and perinatal mortality, decreases calf birth weight, increases the incidence of metabolic diseases, decreases fertility, increases the incidence of freemartinism, increases overall culling risks, and shortens the productive lifespan of cows. Based on a summary of economic analyses from several studies, the estimated losses due to twinning range between $59 to $161 per twin pregnancy. Most twinning in dairy cows is dizygotic and directly related to the incidence of double ovulations, and economic losses are greater for unilateral than for bilateral twins. Hormonal manipulation before artificial insemination that allows for timed artificial insemination is a primary strategy for decreasing twinning in dairy cows before it occurs by decreasing the incidence of double ovulation thereby decreasing conception of dizygotic twins and the associated negative economic consequences. When twins are diagnosed early during gestation, management options might include doing nothing, terminating the pregnancy, or attempting manual embryo reduction. Based on a recent economic analysis of these options, attempting manual embryo reduction decreased the economic losses of a twin pregnancy by $23 to $45.

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