scholarly journals Challenges faced by small-bus operators in participating in the formal public transport system

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Walters ◽  
Lesiba Manamela
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Made In

Background: Small-bus operators (SBOs) in South Africa operate on the periphery of the economic mainstream of scheduled subsidised commuter transport, and little progress has been made in getting these operators into the more formal subsidised industry. There is also a lack of information about the challenges these operators face in participating in the public transport industry.Objectives of the research: The main objective of the research was to conduct a survey among SBOs to obtain a better understanding of the challenges that they face in participating in the public transport industry.Method: A telephone survey of operators was undertaken to ensure an adequate response to a structured questionnaire. In analysing the data, we made use of Factor Analysis and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to undertake general statistical analysis.Results: The main results of the survey indicate that SBOs face significant financial and operational challenges. There is also a perceived lack of government support for SBOs. Major conclusions are that the Department of Transport (DoT) ought to address issues related to the complex governmental reporting and legal requirements for small business. In addition, government ought to be creating ‘space’ for SBOs in the design of contracts and actively encouraging the formation of consortia’s or partnerships, among the SBOs and/or between SBOs and established bus companies. Government, and especially the DoT, ought to more actively market the governments’ small-business support systems and procedures together with financial aid schemes to assist SBOs in acquiring or replacing buses.

Space—Time Budgets, Public Transport, and Spatial Choice

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Forer ◽  
Helen Kivell
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This paper addresses the problem of access to urban facilities for housewives without cars, and the methodology of the Lund School is used to investigate the spatial constraints affecting access to and choice between a selected group of urban facilities in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. To do this, the characteristics of the public transport system are investigated, and time-budget data used to specify typical windows of free time during a housespouse's day. From there the potential action and activity spaces of individuals in four suburbs are delimited, and these are used in assessing the variations in access to and choice between facilities in these suburbs. Finally, the social impact of the current bus provision in the context of the social structure of the city is raised as a policy issue.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT: FUTURE CHALLENGES OF LIEPAJA` S TRAM (LATVIA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Diāna Līduma ◽  
Aija Kairēna ◽  
Inese Lūsēna-Ezera ◽  
Monta Šimkus
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Transport has always had an important role in the lifestyle of population and development of economy, but the public transport performs mainly the social function – it works for the benefit of the society. Development and quality of services must be provided also for the public transport companies, however, we meet different problems related to infrastructure and traffic for this to happen. To successfully manage and develop a public transport company, it is essential to change the thinking of people in favour of the public transport, not for the personal transport. It is necessary to ensure the sustainability as the main value, which means selection of the right public transport system. The authors relied on the experience of formation of a unified transport system in the world and Latvia’s largest cities’ strategic vision for public transport development. Taking into account the fact that Liepaja is one the three cities in Latvia where the public transport service is provided by a tram, an empiric research was made. Its aim was to clarify the opinion of the inhabitants of Liepaja, regarding the services provided by Liepaja trams, regarding the possible improvements and necessity for development. 200 inhabitants of Liepaja were questioned within the framework of the research. The results of the research revealed that although the tram provides daily the inhabitants of Liepaja with the movement possibilities, unfortunately inhabitants are not ready yet to replace their personal transport with the public transport – tram to settle their daily problems. The results of the research allowed to conclude that future development possibilities and perspectives of the tram in Liepaja City can be related mainly with the creation of a new route, purchase of new carriages and unified public transport system in Liepaja City. Key words: availability and sustainability, Liepaja tram, public transport, social function of public transport.

scholarly journals Comparative TCO Analysis of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport System in Small to Midsize Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4384
Author(s):  
Hanhee Kim ◽  
Niklas Hartmann ◽  
Maxime Zeller ◽  
Renato Luise ◽  
Tamer Soylu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Bus Body

This paper shows the results of an in-depth techno-economic analysis of the public transport sector in a small to midsize city and its surrounding area. Public battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses are comparatively evaluated by means of a total cost of ownership (TCO) model building on historical data and a projection of market prices. Additionally, a structural analysis of the public transport system of a specific city is performed, assessing best fitting bus lines for the use of electric or hydrogen busses, which is supported by a brief acceptance evaluation of the local citizens. The TCO results for electric buses show a strong cost decrease until the year 2030, reaching 23.5% lower TCOs compared to the conventional diesel bus. The optimal electric bus charging system will be the opportunity (pantograph) charging infrastructure. However, the opportunity charging method is applicable under the assumption that several buses share the same station and there is a “hotspot” where as many as possible bus lines converge. In the case of electric buses for the year 2020, the parameter which influenced the most on the TCO was the battery cost, opposite to the year 2030 in where the bus body cost and fuel cost parameters are the ones that dominate the TCO, due to the learning rate of the batteries. For H2 buses, finding a hotspot is not crucial because they have a similar range to the diesel ones as well as a similar refueling time. H2 buses until 2030 still have 15.4% higher TCO than the diesel bus system. Considering the benefits of a hypothetical scaling-up effect of hydrogen infrastructures in the region, the hydrogen cost could drop to 5 €/kg. In this case, the overall TCO of the hydrogen solution would drop to a slightly lower TCO than the diesel solution in 2030. Therefore, hydrogen buses can be competitive in small to midsize cities, even with limited routes. For hydrogen buses, the bus body and fuel cost make up a large part of the TCO. Reducing the fuel cost will be an important aspect to reduce the total TCO of the hydrogen bus.

Multi-occupation segregation through London's tube network

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110271
Author(s):  
Yao Shen ◽  
Yiyi Xu ◽  
Zhuoya Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Segregation Index ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transfer Stations

As an extension of public space, the public transport system in modern society is an arena for cross-group interactions. Uncovering social segregation in public transport space is an essential step in shaping a socially sustainable transport system. Based on 2011 origin–destination flow data for London, we simulate the working flows between each pair of connected tube stations for every occupation with minimised transfer times and travelling hours and calculate the multi-occupation segregation index for all tube stations and segments. This segregation index captures the density and diversity aspects of the working population. The results demonstrate that segregation levels vary significantly across stations, lines, and segments. Transfer stations and tube segments in the city centre do not necessarily have lower levels of segregation. Those stations or segments close to a terminus can also be socially inclusive, e.g., Heathrow. Victoria is the line with the lowest levels of segregation, and Green Park is the most socially inclusive station during commuting peaks. The proposed mapping approach demonstrates the spatial complexity in the social performance of the public transport system and provides a tool for implementing relevant policy with improved precision.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Analysis of Bicycle Sharing Systems as Public Transport Systems Based on a Trip Index Classification

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
Mark Richard Wilby ◽  
Juan José Vinagre Díaz ◽  
Rubén Fernández Pozo ◽  
Ana Belén Rodríguez González ◽  
José Manuel Vassallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Last Mile

Bicycle Sharing Systems (BSSs) are exponentially increasing in the urban mobility sector. They are traditionally conceived as a last-mile complement to the public transport system. In this paper, we demonstrate that BSSs can be seen as a public transport system in their own right. To do so, we build a mathematical framework for the classification of BSS trips. Using trajectory information, we create the trip index, which characterizes the intrinsic purpose of the use of BSS as transport or leisure. The construction of the trip index required a specific analysis of the BSS shortest path, which cannot be directly calculated from the topology of the network given that cyclists can find shortcuts through traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc. to reduce the overall traveled distance. Adding a layer of complication to the problem, these shortcuts have a non-trivial existence in terms of being intermittent, or short lived. We applied the proposed methodology to empirical data from BiciMAD, the public BSS in Madrid (Spain). The obtained results show that the trip index correctly determines transport and leisure categories, which exhibit distinct statistical and operational features. Finally, we inferred the underlying BSS public transport network and show the fundamental trajectories traveled by users. Based on this analysis, we conclude that 90.60% of BiciMAD’s use fall in the category of transport, which demonstrates our first statement.

scholarly journals Fare Evasion in Public Transport: Grouping Transantiago Users’ Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
González ◽  
Busco ◽  
Codocedo
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
The Public ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fare Evasion ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Taking Care

A survey was conducted in July 2018 on the public bus system in Santiago, Chile, in which 457 users were asked to respond to a list of 42 statements expressing a range of attitudes on different aspects of the problem of fare evasion. The respondents were first categorized according to whether they had been observed paying or not paying the fare, and their responses were then subjected to separate cluster analyses that partitioned the respondents into groups according to their views on each survey statement. The analyses identified four distinguishable types or groups among those who did not pay the fare—radical, strategic, ambivalent, and accidental evaders—and three groups among those who did pay—proud, empathetic, and circumstantial evaders. The distinguishing factors motivating the decision to pay or not to pay the fare were found generally to reflect values and attitudes or ideologies but were also influenced by users’ perception of the social acceptability of evasion, the presence of anti-evasion measures, and how “organized” they were in taking care to have a farecard with them when planning to take a bus.

Reconciling Conflicts among Different Economic Interest Groups in the Management of Fisheries

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Social Optimum ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reasonable Solution ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Made In

It is argued that the combined interests of consumers, producers, and the public are best served if the benefits from and the costs of using available fishery resources are calculated in social terms. An optimal level of productive inputs to a fishery can be approached through the imposition of appropriate controls by the state. The form that such action might take in the case of established fisheries, particularly, is considered and the need for gradual and flexible implementation, to prevent industrial and social disruption, is stressed.Management of international fisheries is complicated by the fact that the social optimum, which serves to provide a rational objective for one country, is indeterminate when fish stocks are exploited by fleets of several nations. A second-best arrangement, which would permit the purchase of inputs from the least costly sources and the sale of products in the markets where prices are highest, with the net proceeds being distributed among countries on the basis of need, seems to be impracticable in the foreseeable future. The conclusion is drawn that, for the present, a system of annual catch quotas allocated among interested countries may offer a reasonable solution to the problem.The difficulties associated with the setting of quotas and their equitable allocation are discussed in some detail and the conflicts of interest that may arise in the process are indicated, e.g. those relating to variation in national time-preferences, to differences in stages of development, and to the accommodation of new entrants. Reference is made, in particular, to the conflict between the short-run interests of states with mobile (distant-water) fleets and those of coastal states. Some possibilities for the reconciliation of these conflicts are suggested, e.g. quota-share trading, compensation for abstention, and exchange of (fleet and port) services.

Analysis of the Public Transport Network of Shenyang as a Complex Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 1370-1373
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Small World ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transportation Routes

The public transport infrastructure of a city is one of the most important indicators of its economic growth and development. Here we study the public transport network of Shenyang, which represents Chinese domestic civil public transport infrastructure, as a complex network. We find that the public transport system of Shenyang, a network of public transportation routes connected by bus links, is a small-world network characterized by a Poisson degree distribution. We investigate the public transport network as a complex network to explore its topological properties. Simulation results show that the public transport network exhibits small world behavior.

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