Reconciling Conflicts among Different Economic Interest Groups in the Management of Fisheries

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Social Optimum ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reasonable Solution ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Made In

It is argued that the combined interests of consumers, producers, and the public are best served if the benefits from and the costs of using available fishery resources are calculated in social terms. An optimal level of productive inputs to a fishery can be approached through the imposition of appropriate controls by the state. The form that such action might take in the case of established fisheries, particularly, is considered and the need for gradual and flexible implementation, to prevent industrial and social disruption, is stressed.Management of international fisheries is complicated by the fact that the social optimum, which serves to provide a rational objective for one country, is indeterminate when fish stocks are exploited by fleets of several nations. A second-best arrangement, which would permit the purchase of inputs from the least costly sources and the sale of products in the markets where prices are highest, with the net proceeds being distributed among countries on the basis of need, seems to be impracticable in the foreseeable future. The conclusion is drawn that, for the present, a system of annual catch quotas allocated among interested countries may offer a reasonable solution to the problem.The difficulties associated with the setting of quotas and their equitable allocation are discussed in some detail and the conflicts of interest that may arise in the process are indicated, e.g. those relating to variation in national time-preferences, to differences in stages of development, and to the accommodation of new entrants. Reference is made, in particular, to the conflict between the short-run interests of states with mobile (distant-water) fleets and those of coastal states. Some possibilities for the reconciliation of these conflicts are suggested, e.g. quota-share trading, compensation for abstention, and exchange of (fleet and port) services.

scholarly journals Political discourse approach applied the current study issue occurred

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Gloria Monica Woodlove ◽  
Mike Emerson Vurly
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Made In

The research was to aim at approaching a political discourse as an effort to solve the issues. News reporting assigns meaning to issues by providing a continuous record of public events and visibility to the claims of actors. The public sphere is an important field where social problems are constructed and political alternatives become defined. When one considers these functions, it is hardly surprising that news has become an important source of data for a group of researchers who are interested in studying the nature of political challenges that are mobilized in the public domain. However, there sometimes appears to be a tendency within the social movements field to let theoretical development outrun a discussion on the methods with which we are equipped to address our research questions. In this contribution, our focus will be self-consciously directed to methods, and more precisely we make specific proposals regarding how the important methodological developments that have been made in the field in recent times, might be profitably extended. 

scholarly journals Challenges faced by small-bus operators in participating in the formal public transport system

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Walters ◽  
Lesiba Manamela
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Made In

Background: Small-bus operators (SBOs) in South Africa operate on the periphery of the economic mainstream of scheduled subsidised commuter transport, and little progress has been made in getting these operators into the more formal subsidised industry. There is also a lack of information about the challenges these operators face in participating in the public transport industry.Objectives of the research: The main objective of the research was to conduct a survey among SBOs to obtain a better understanding of the challenges that they face in participating in the public transport industry.Method: A telephone survey of operators was undertaken to ensure an adequate response to a structured questionnaire. In analysing the data, we made use of Factor Analysis and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to undertake general statistical analysis.Results: The main results of the survey indicate that SBOs face significant financial and operational challenges. There is also a perceived lack of government support for SBOs. Major conclusions are that the Department of Transport (DoT) ought to address issues related to the complex governmental reporting and legal requirements for small business. In addition, government ought to be creating ‘space’ for SBOs in the design of contracts and actively encouraging the formation of consortia’s or partnerships, among the SBOs and/or between SBOs and established bus companies. Government, and especially the DoT, ought to more actively market the governments’ small-business support systems and procedures together with financial aid schemes to assist SBOs in acquiring or replacing buses.

scholarly journals Evaluating Public Grants to Private Enterprise Where Information is Limited

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
P. J. Kuch
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Output Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grant Proposals ◽  
Public Grant ◽  
Made In

This paper sets out a framework for evaluating public grants to private firms, where recommendation as to the social desirability of individual grant proposals must be made in the absence of information about alternative public expenditures and the optimality of the proposed output level. It is argued that a surplus of social benefits over social costs, as they are conventionally defined, is not sufficient to justify publicly subsidized production of a good in the private sector. It must also be the case that the recipient firm's production of the good will generate net external benefits at least as large as the proposed grant. The magnitude of the public grant can not be ignored on the grounds that it is merely an income transfer. In the case of publicly subsidized private production, the mechanism of public investment is a transfer of resources. Proper evaluation of a grant involves determining the extent to which this transfer will improve allocative efficiency as opposed to merely redistributing income.

The Discursive Context of Reproductive Ethics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Cabrera Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Reproductive Ethics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
Made In

Examining how issues are framed in policy discourse illuminates the structure of ethical arguments and the social and political context within which these arguments are made. In the United States, reproductive discourse and policymaking display four contours. First, deemed a legitimate topic for government intervention, reproduction policy has most often been gendered and group-specific. Second, the issue category into which reproduction is placed is a critical factor in policy intervention: Is reproduction a matter of health, gender equality, or religious liberty? Third, in reproductive policymaking, abortion has taken on the role of master subissue, shaping approaches to reproductive issues and in some cases standing in for the larger range of reproductive matters. Finally, lack of understanding of the medical and technological factors related to reproduction among policymakers and the public makes policymaking difficult and augments abortion’s discursive power.

scholarly journals Do knowledge gains from public information campaigns persist over time? Results from a survey experiment on the Norwegian pension reform

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENNING FINSERAAS ◽  
NIKLAS JAKOBSSON ◽  
MIKAEL SVENSSON
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reform ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short Run

AbstractGovernment authorities use resources on information campaigns in order to inform citizens about relevant policy changes. The motivation is usually that individuals sometimes are ill-informed about the public policies relevant for their choices. In a survey experiment where the treatment group was provided with public information material on the social security system, we assess the short- and medium-term knowledge effects. We show that the short run effects of the information on knowledge disappear completely within 4 months. The findings illustrate the limits of public information campaigns to improve knowledge about relevant policy reforms.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE LITHUANIAN PUBLIC EXPENDITURE SCALE AND STRUCTURE

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozas Bivainis
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Budget ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Since the restoration of independence (1990) significant changes were made in all aspects of Lithuania's economy. The achievements of the country in the area of economic development are obvious ‐ the essential preconditions for faster economic growth and approaching to the social‐economical life standards of advanced countries were created during a transition period. The exceptional role between different factors of social‐economical development of the country is ascribed to public finance. The statistics shows persuasive common world tendency of public expenditure growth. It can be explained in relation to historical changes of the sense, role and principles of management. The comparison of 1995–2001 year indicators, describing the public expenditure of Lithuania with the other countries including four new residents of the EU (Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Poland), five old ones (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, United Kingdom) and two representatives of CIS (Belorus and Rusia) is resulted by certain main conclusions. The Republic of Lithuania occupies one from below place in a diminution row between twelve countries which were selected for the investigation. It is a characteristic feature of the last investigated year (2001) as well as an average of three investigated years (1995, 1998, 2001). The structure of public expenditure on function section of our country is similar to one of other new members of the EU, Lithuania made steps during 1995–2001 towards the structure of public expenditure on function and economic classifications the countries ‐ old residents. The relative changes of Lithuanian public expenditure in function section were the largest between all the investigated countries, while the change of total public expenditure (% of GDP) was the smallest. The disclosed comparative estimates of public expenditure on these scale and structure and its tendencies can be used as a reference point for creating the fiscal policy, improving public sector management and implementation of national budget reforms. These estimates may also serve as arguments for tax reforms what is a topical issue for the present time.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

PENERAPAN PROSEDUR MEDIASI DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WAKAF DI PENGADILAN AGAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Syufaat Syufaat
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Proof ◽  
Religious Courts

Waqf has two dimensional meaning; the spiritual dimension that is taqarrub to Allah and the social dimension as the source of Islamic financial for the welfare of the people. Waqf disputes can be caused by several reasons; waqf land is not accompanied with a pledge; waqf is done on the basis of mutual trust so it has no legal proof and ownership. Currently, the choice to use the court is less effective in resolving disputes. Hence, the public ultimately chooses non-litigation efforts as a way to resolve the disputes. Mediation process is preferred by many as it is viewed to be the fairest way where none of the two parties wins or loses (win-win solution). It is also fast and cheap. This study is intended to examine how to solve waqf dispute with mediation model according to the waqf law, and how the application of mediation in the Religious Courts system

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