scholarly journals Towards accountability: A point of orientation for post-modern applied linguistics in the third millennium

Literator ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Weideman
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
History Of

In this article three difficulties in dealing with post-modern applied linguistics are identified, and three reasons are given for taking the trouble to define this emerging tradition of doing applied linguistics. In the context of earlier analyses of the history of applied linguistics, post-modernism is identified as a sixth generation of applied linguistic work. There are overlapping and unique features in each of these traditions. The discontinuity of a post-modern approach from first generation applied linguistics is noted, as are the numerous continuities with second, fourth, fifth and especially third generation work. These continuities go a long way towards characterising post-modern applied linguistics, yet are not sufficient to define it exhaustively. The biggest difficulty with such a characterisation appears to be a divergence within a post-modern approach. What holds this latest tradition together is the seriousness with which it deals with accountability, and in that lies, at present, its defining characteristic. Wherever one locates one’s work, in earlier or in current traditions within applied linguistics, the premiss must always be to do these labours with integrity. Perhaps the latest trend towards an accountable applied linguistics has contributed more than any previous tradition to make us sensitive to this responsibility.

scholarly journals On the centenary of the insulin discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
I. I. Dedov ◽  
M. V. Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Insulin Analogues ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Action Profile ◽  
Natural Insulin

The discovery of insulin and the beginning of its use in 1921–1922 made a revolution in endocrinology and in medicine in general. This significant event gave millions of patients with diabetes not only the opportunity to live, but also the hope that their life with this disease would be full.The article examines the history of insulin discovery, as well as the evolution of several generations of insulin preparations and the advantages of each of the generations that have radically changed not only life expectancy, but also its quality.The first generation — insulins of animal origin and the solution of the first tasks of their sufficient production and purification. The next generation is human insulins, the purification of which was also a problem. The third generation is insulin analogues, the action of which became closer to the action profile of natural insulin. And the last generation — insulin analogues, most closely mimicking the action of endogenous insulin.Along with the development of insulin preparations, the article traces the evolution of the devices of its administration.

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

scholarly journals I višap armeni. Appunti per una storia della ricezione

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gilibert
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Complex Sequence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unknown Point

Vishaps are large-scale prehistoric stelae decorated with animal reliefs, erected at secluded mountain locations of the South Caucasus. This paper focuses on the vishaps of modern Armenia and traces their history of re-use and manipulations, from the end of the third millennium BCE to the Middle Ages. Since their creation at an unknown point in time before 2100 BCE, vishaps functioned as symbolic anchors for the creation and transmission of religious and political messages: they were torn down, buried, re-worked, re-erected, transformed and used as a surface for graffiti. This complex sequence of re-contextualisations underscores the primacy of mountains as political arenas for the negotiation of religious and ritual meaning.

scholarly journals Philosophy from the outside in: Rosenzweig’s critical project

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Willi Goetschel
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The University ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Hermann Cohen

This paper examines Rosenzweig?s philosophic project in the context of his time as a critical intervention in the discussion of the place of Jewish thought in the university and in society. If Hermann Cohen represented the first generation of Jewish philosophers claiming that participation in the university is constitutive for the institution?s claim to universalism, the second generation-represented by Martin Buber - was more diffident about the university and its openness. For Buber, literary modernism offered what the university would refuse. Disappointed about the failure of the recognition of the efforts of the previous two generations, Rosenzweig represents the third generation. He turns the situation into a creative response anchoring philosophy as a project that calls for a resolute move outside the university.

scholarly journals The Application of Third Generation Semiconductor in Power Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Yuqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Made In

With the rapid development of technologies, the third generation semiconductor is being studied, as it is leading to the significant change in industry like the manufacture of PC, mobile devices, lighting etc. Till now, due to its irreplaceable physical characteristics, third generation semiconductor is applied to lots of fields. This paper analyzes the application of third generation semiconductor, namely, GaN and SiC. Their characteristics including advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed through reviewing the result of relevant researches. Meanwhile, comparison between the third generation semiconductors and the second as well as the first generation semiconductors is made in this paper. Through the comparison of physical characteristics, recent marketing, production and limitations, the advantages and disadvantages of each semiconductor is analyzed and the suggestion of how to avoid the disadvantage through application is proposed. At last, the future development is predicted. According to the analysis result of this paper, silicon poses more merits. Silicon is not only cheaper but also performs better making it a preference of GaAs, and GaN in the domain of IC. The second generation semiconductor, GaAs, is widely used in the circuits and photoelectric integration. Furthermore, the third semiconductor material GaN is a promising material for power switching and communication and has the great possibility to play a crucial role in market.

scholarly journals Diapause of Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimic and its impact on the species population dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Samek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Population Continuity ◽  
Actual Damage

Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimic is a polyvoltine species which can complete under suitable conditions the development of as many as three generations a year. In the Czech Republic, however, the third generation suffers from high mortality due to the shortage of food and later also unfavourable weather. If the third generation is not completed the population continuity is ensured by diapausing pupae occurring in each generation. The number of diapausing pupae is determined by the actual abundance of the species and thus also by the actual damage to the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) foliage. Relationships of the parameters were investigated in the first generation of C. ohridella and their intensity was studied by methods of regression analysis.

POPULATION TRENDS AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PEAR RUST MITE, EPITRIMERUS PYRI (PROSTIGMATA: ERIOPHYOIDEA), ON PEARS IN NOVA SCOTIA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Epidermal Tissue ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe pear rust mite, Epitrimerus pyri (Nal.), overwinters in a semi-active state in old leaf scar crevices and under bud chips of the leaf clusters. It becomes active within the bud in mid-April, as soon as the weather warms, and passes through three generations in the growing season as indicated by distinct peak egg populations observed in May, June, and July. The first generation eggs are laid within the swelling bud. The mites feed on the ventral surface of the leaves causing bronzing and on the calyx end of the fruit resulting in russeting of the epidermal tissue. Deutogynes of the third generation begin to enter hibernation by mid-August. Occasionally population levels reach economic injury level resulting in the downgrading of fruit.

The History of the Hereditary Neurosis of the Royal Family of Spain

1879 ◽  
Vol 25 (110) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

In enquiries upon the influence of heredity in the causation of insanity we rarely get back beyond the third generation. Few men either know, or care much about their great-grandfathers or great-grandmothers, and fewer are willing to keep in remembrance the existence of an ancestral taint. Nevertheless, in studying these subjects we ought to go back as far as we can, and the few pedigrees which have been traced of the genesis of insanity in families bring out deductions of the highest interest. In studying the fortunes of those ruling houses, whose lives are recorded by history, we occasionally trace the rise and extinction of a family through insanity, or we behold the wane and final extinction of the hereditary disease. There is no deficiency in the materials. Mental disease is very common in royal and noble families, and great disasters to nations have sometimes signalised the madness of their rulers.

scholarly journals Dynamic cfDNA Analysis by NGS in EGFR T790M-Positive Advanced NSCLC Patients Failed to the First-Generation EGFR-TKIs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ma ◽  
Haoyang Li ◽  
Dongpo Wang ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Mengjun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
T790m Mutation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tki Treatment ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Egfr Tkis

PurposeCirculating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level has been demonstrated to be associated with efficacy in first generation EGFR TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of dynamic cfDNA analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in patients with subsequent third-generation EGFR TKIs remains unclear.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2019, 81 NSCLC patients with EGFR T790M mutation either in tissue or plasma who received third-generation EGFR TKIs treatment were enrolled. CfDNA were sequenced by NGS with a 425-gene panel. The association of clinical characteristics, pretreatment, dynamic cfDNA and T790M level with outcomes in patients treated with the third-generation TKIs were analyzed.ResultsIn univariate analysis, the median PFS of patients with undetectable cfDNA level during treatment was significantly longer than those with detectable cfDNA (16.97 vs. 6.10 months; HR 0.2109; P < 0.0001). The median PFS of patients with undetectable T790M level during treatment was significantly longer than those with detectable T790M (14.1 vs. 4.4 months; HR 0.2192; P < 0.001). Cox hazard proportion model showed that cfDNA clearance was an independent predictor for longer PFS (HR 0.3085; P < 0.001) and longer OS (HR 0.499; P = 0.034). The most common resistant mutations of the third-generation TKIs were EGFR C797S (24%). CDK6 CNV, GRIN2A, BRCA2, EGFR D761N, EGFR Q791H, EGFR V843I, and ERBB4 mutation genes may possibly be new resistant mechanisms.ConclusionsPatients with undetectable cfDNA during the third-generation EGFR TKI treatment have superior clinical outcomes, and dynamic cfDNA analysis by NGS is valuable to explore potential resistant mechanisms.

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