scholarly journals Investigation of the acaricidal activity of the acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 South African plants against the adult ticks of Rhipicephalus turanicus

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Bellonah M. Sakong ◽  
Olubukola T. Adenubi ◽  
Jean Paul Dzoyem ◽  
Vinny Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Acetone Extracts

The acaricidal activity of acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 plant species was evaluated using the contact method on Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks at an initial concentration of 20% (200 mg/mL). Eight of the 12 plants had mortality greater than 50% and the acetone extracts had better acaricidal activity than the ethanol extracts. The acetone extract of Calpurnia aurea (leaves and flowers) had the highest corrected mortality (CM) of 92.2% followed by Schkuhria pinnata (whole plant) with a CM of 88.9%, Ficus sycomorus (bark and stems) 86.7% and Senna italica subsp. arachoides (roots, leaves and fruits) 83.3%. Selected extracts were tested at five different concentrations using the adult immersion test. From dose–response assays, EC<sub>50</sub> values of 61.82 mg/mL, 115.21 mg/mL and 161.02 mg/mL were obtained for the acetone extracts of S. pinnata (whole plant), S. italica subsp. arachoides (roots, leaves and fruits) and C. aurea (leaves and flowers) respectively. The ethanol extract of Monsonia angustifolia (whole plant) had the highest CM of 97.8% followed by S. pinnata (whole plant) with a CM of 86.7%, C. aurea (leaves and flowers) 81.1% and Cleome gynandra (leaves) 77.8%. There is potential for the development of environmentally benign botanicals as natural acaricides against R. turanicus.

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Investigation of the acaricidal activity of the acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 South African plants against the adult ticks of Rhipicephalus turanicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Bellonah M. Sakong ◽  
Olubukola T. Adenubi ◽  
Jean Paul Dzoyem ◽  
Vinny Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
South African Plants ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

No abstract available.

scholarly journals Further studies on South African plants: Acaricidal activity of organic plant extracts against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Wellington ◽  
Tlabo Leboho ◽  
Bellonah M. Sakong ◽  
Olubukola T. Adenubi ◽  
Jacobus N. Eloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
South African Plants ◽  
African Plants

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Bellonah M. Sakong ◽  
Olubukola T. Adenubi ◽  
Elizabeth Pauw ◽  
Tlabo Leboho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Acetone Extracts

The nematode, Haemonchus contortus, is responsible for major economic losses in the livestock industry. The management of parasites such as H. contortus has been through the use of synthetic parasiticides. This has resulted in the presence of residues in meat and milk, which affects food safety. The development of resistance to available anthelmintics coupled with their high cost has further complicated matters. This has led to the investigation of alternative methods to manage nematodes, including the use of plants and plant extracts as a potential source of novel anthelmintics. Acetone extracts were prepared from 15 South African plant species and their anthelmintic activity determined using the egg hatch assay (EHA). The leaf extract of Cleome gynandra had the best inhibitory activity (68% ± 3%) at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, followed by the stem extract of Maerua angolensis (65% ± 5%). The extracts had a relatively low toxicity on Vero cells determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cellular assay.

scholarly journals Acaricidal activity of the organic extracts of thirteen South African plants against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (Acari: Ixodidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Mary Ramafuthula ◽  
Vusi Maselela ◽  
Moses Mokoena ◽  
Jeremiah Senabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
South African Plants ◽  
African Plants

scholarly journals Synergistic Antimycobacterial Actions ofKnowltonia vesicatoria(L.f) Sims

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Labuschagné ◽  
Ahmed A. Hussein ◽  
Benjamín Rodríguez ◽  
Namrita Lall
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pelargonium Sidoides ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Euclea Natalensis

Euclea natalensisA.DC.,Knowltonia vesicatoria(L.f) Sims, andPelargonium sidoidesDC. are South African plants traditionally used to treat tuberculosis. Extracts from these plants were used in combination with isoniazid (INH) to investigate the possibility of synergy with respect to antimycobacterial activity. The ethanol extract ofK. vesicatoriawas subjected to fractionation to identify the active compounds. The activity of theKnowltoniaextract remained superior to the fractions with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 625.0 μg/mL againstMycobacterium smegmatisand an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL againstM. tuberculosis. TheK. vesicatoriaextract was tested against two different drug-resistant strains ofM. tuberculosis, which resulted in an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL on both strains. The combination ofK. vesicatoriawith INH exhibited the best synergistic antimycobacterial activity with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.25 (a combined concentration of 6.28 μg/mL). A fifty percent inhibitory concentration of this combination against U937 cells was 121.0 μg/mL. Two compounds, stigmasta-5,23-dien-3-ol (1) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one (2), were isolated fromK. vesicatoriaas the first report of isolation for both compounds from this plant and the first report of antimycobacterial activity. Compound (1) was active against drug-sensitiveM. tuberculosiswith an MIC of 50.00 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Obesity and Cytotoxic Activities of Whole Plant Extracts of Vernonia mesplilfolia Less

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin ◽  
Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Traditional Remedy ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Dual Staining

The whole plant of Vernonia mespilifolia is widely used as a traditional remedy for obesity in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity and cytotoxic effects of Vernonia mespilifolia extracts in vitro. The α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Vernonia mespilifolia were investigated, while the cytotoxic effects of these extracts were analyzed using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) dual staining on a human cervical HeLa cell line. The results showed that the LC50 (the concentration of a material will kill 50% of test organisms) values of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Vernonia mespilifolia were >200 and 149 µg/mL, respectively, to HeLa cells. Additionally, the ethanol extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the pancreatic lipase (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 331.16 µg/mL) and on α-amylase (IC50 = 781.72 µg/mL), while the aqueous extract has the strongest α-glucosidase (IC50 = 450.88 µg/mL). Our results suggest that Vernonia mespilifolia’s acclaimed anti-obesity effects could be ascribed to its ability to inhibit both carbohydrate and fat digesting enzymes.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract from Stem Bark and Leaves of ­Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Desi Rosdiana ◽  
Syaefudin Syaefudin
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Crescentia Cujete ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Crescentia cujete L. (C. cujete) has been known as a medicine for various diseases that caused by microorganisms. This research was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds and to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from stem bark and leaves of C. cujete. The phytochemical compounds in both extracts were identified by Harborne method, while antibacterial activity assay was performed by disc diffusion method with the concentration of bacteria 106 cfu/mL. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used in antibacterial assay. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained by using contact method. The phytochemical compounds analysis showed that ethanol extracts of C. cujete stem bark and leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The results of antibacterial activity test showed that both extracts have antibacterial activity with the highest inhibition showed by extracts with concentration of 100 %(w/v). The decreased percentage in the number of bacterial colonies on the extracts was less than 90 % so that the MIC value of both extracts against S. aureus could not be determined.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Ginkgo biloba L. Extracts on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in Human Endothelial Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Piazza ◽  
Barbara Pacchetti ◽  
Marco Fumagalli ◽  
Fabrizia Bonacina ◽  
Mario Dell’Agli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Atherosclerosis is characterized by interaction between immune and vascular endothelial cells which is mediated by adhesion molecules occurring on the surface of the vascular endothelium leading to massive release of proinflammatory mediators. Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) standardized extracts showing beneficial effects are commonly prepared by solvent extraction, and acetone is used according to the European Pharmacopoeia recommendations; the well-known Ginkgo biloba acetone extract EGb761® is the most clinically investigated. However, in some countries, the allowed amount of solvent is limited to ethanol, thus implying that the usage of a standardized Ginkgo biloba ethanol extract may be preferred in all those cases, such as for food supplements. The present paper investigates if ethanol and acetone extracts, with comparable standardization, may be considered comparable in terms of biological activity, focusing on the radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities. Both the extracts showed high inhibition of TNFα-induced VCAM-1 release (41.1-43.9 μg/mL), which was partly due to the NF-κB pathway impairment. Besides ROS decrease, cAMP increase following treatment with ginkgo extracts was addressed and proposed as further molecular mechanism responsible for the inhibition of endothelial E-selectin. No statistical difference was observed between the extracts. The present study demonstrates for the first time that ethanol and acetone extracts show comparable biological activities in human endothelial cell, thus providing new insights into the usage of ethanol extracts in those countries where restrictions in amount of acetone are present.

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