scholarly journals Facilitating factors and barriers to kangaroo mother care utilisation in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina T. Mathias ◽  
Solange Mianda ◽  
Julius N. Ohdihambo ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Alice Singo-Chipofya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been widely adopted in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) to minimise low birthweight infants’ (LBWIs) adverse outcomes. However, the burden of neonatal and child mortality remains disproportionately high in LMICs.Aim: Thus, this scoping review sought to map evidence on the barriers, challenges and facilitators of KMC utilisation by parents of LBWIs (parent of low birthweight infant [PLBWI]) in LMICs.Methods: We searched for studies conducted in LMICs and published in English between January 1990 and August 2020 from SciELO, Google Scholar, JSTOR, LILACS, Academic search complete, PubMed, CINAHL with full text, and Medline databases. We adopted Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for conducting scoping reviews. Potential studies were exported to Endnote X7 reference management software for abstract and full article screening. Two independent reviewers did a parallel abstract and full article screening using a standardised form. The results were analysed using thematic content analysis.Results: We generated 22 040 studies and after duplicate removal, 42 studies were eligible for full-text screening and 22 studies, most form sub-Saharan Africa, were included in the content analysis. Eight themes emerged from the analysis: access, buy-in, co-ordination and collaboration, medical issues, motivation, social support-gender obligation and empowerment, time and timing and traditional/cultural norms.Conclusion: Identifying factors affecting KMC may optimise KMC utilisation. Additional studies aiming at identifying influencing factors that affect KMC utilisation amongst PLBWIs’ in LMICs need to be conducted to provide evidence-based strategies to enhance practice, inform policy and decision-makers in KMC utilisation amongst the PLBWIs in LMICs and beyond.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases and its models of care in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e033320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantu Abebe Eyowas ◽  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Biksegn Asrat Yirdaw ◽  
Fentie Ambaw Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionMultimorbidity is the coexistence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given individual. Multimorbidity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and challenging health systems. Individuals with multimorbidity are facing the risk of premature mortality, lower quality of life and greater use of healthcare services. However, despite the huge challenge multimorbidity brings in LMICs, gaps remain in mapping and synthesising the available knowledge on the issue. The focus of this scoping review will be to synthesise the extent, range and nature of studies on the epidemiology and models of multimorbidity care in LMICs.MethodsPubMed (MEDLINE) will be the main database to be searched. For articles that are not indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases will be searched. Grey literature databases will also be explored. There will be no restrictions on study setting or year of publication. Articles will be searched using key terms, including comorbidity, co-morbidity, multimorbidity, multiple chronic conditions and model of care. Relevant articles will be screened by two independent reviewers and data will be charted accordingly. The result of this scoping review will be presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and reporting guideline.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

scholarly journals Climate change, climate-related disasters and mental disorder in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e051908
Author(s):  
Isobel Sharpe ◽  
Colleen M Davison
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionClimate change and climate-related disasters adversely affect mental health. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disasters and often lack adequate mental healthcare infrastructure. We used the scoping review methodology to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among those living in LMICs. We also aimed to recognise existing gaps in this area of literature.MethodsThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. To identify relevant studies, we searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, APA PsycInfo and Sociological Abstracts) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. We also searched the grey literature. Included studies had an adult-focused LMIC population, a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome. Relevant study information was extracted and synthesised.ResultsFifty-eight studies were identified, most of which (n=48) employed a cross-sectional design. The most commonly studied exposure–outcome combinations were flood-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=28), flood-related depression (n=15) and storm-related PTSD (n=13). The majority of studies identified a positive exposure–outcome association. However, few studies included a baseline or comparator (ie, unexposed) group, thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude or nature of this association. There was also great heterogeneity in this literature, making studies difficult to pool or compare. Several research gaps were identified including the lack of longitudinal studies and non-uniformity of geographic coverage.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this was the first scoping review to investigate the relationship between climate change and climate-related disaster exposures and mental disorder outcomes in LMICs. Our findings support the need for further research, but also highlight that mental health should be a priority within LMIC climate change policy considerations.

scholarly journals Vegetables for Healthy Diets in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Food Systems Literature

2022 ◽  
pp. 037957212110686
Author(s):  
Jody Harris ◽  
Winson Tan ◽  
Jessica E. Raneri ◽  
Pepijn Schreinemachers ◽  
Anna Herforth
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Vegetables are an essential element in healthy diets, but intakes are low around the world and there is a lack of systematic knowledge on how to improve diets through food system approaches. Methods: This scoping review assessed how studies of food systems for healthy diets have addressed the role of vegetables in low- and middle-income countries. We apply the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews to narratively map the literature to an accepted food systems framework and identify research gaps. Results: We found 1383 relevant articles, with increasing numbers over 20 years. Only 6% of articles looked at low-income countries, and 93% looked at single-country contexts. Over half of articles assessed vegetables as a food group, without looking at diversity within the food group. 15% looked at traditional vegetables. Issues of physical access to food were among the least studied food system topics in our review (7% of articles). Only 15% of articles used a comprehensive food system lens across multiple dimensions. There is also a research gap on the impacts of different policy and practice interventions (13% of articles) to enable greater vegetable consumption. Conclusions: Food system studies necessarily drew on multiple disciplines, methods and metrics to describe, analyze, and diagnose parts of the system. More work is needed across disciplines, across contexts, and across the food system, including understanding interventions and trade-offs, and impacts and change for diets particularly of marginalized population groups. Filling these gaps in knowledge is necessary in order to work toward healthy vegetable-rich diets for everyone everywhere.

Contraceptive Dynamics Among Women with Disabilities in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getalem Aychew Beyene ◽  
Solomon Mekonnen Abebe ◽  
Gedefaw Abeje Fekadu ◽  
Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽  
Bisrat Misganaw Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Contraceptive Usage ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Introduction Contraceptive dynamics is the use of contraception, unmet need, discontinuation and/or switching of contraception. Women with disabilities (WWDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a common problem: a low prevalence of contraceptive usage and a high unmet need. Despite the fact that certain studies have been conducted in high-income countries, there is a scarcity of research on the degree of contraceptive method mix, unmet need, contraception discontinuation, and switching among WWDs in LMICs. As a result, the scoping review's goal is to investigate, map available evidence, and identify knowledge gaps on contraceptive dynamics within LMICs WWDs. Methods The scoping review is guided by the six-stage Arksey and O'Malley methodology framework. Published articles will be retrieved from databases such as PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Global Health. Grey literature databases will be searched using electronic search engines such as Google scholar, Google, OpenGrey, and Worldcat. In addition, a manual search of reference lists from recognized studies will be conducted, as well as a hand search of the literature. There will be no restrictions on study design or publication year. Two independent reviewers will screen relevant publications, and data will be charted accordingly. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and reporting guideline will be used to convey the findings of this scoping review. Discussion When compared to non-disabled women, WWDs had a lower prevalence of contraceptive usage and a higher unmet need in LMICs. This indicates a pervasive issue that could compromise the United Nations (UN) General Assembly Convention article 25, which guarantees PWDs access to SRH services, and make the situation difficult to address. Despite these facts, they are the most marginalized people. on the planet. It is critical to map available evidence and identify knowledge gaps in order to do this. As a result, the findings of this scoping review will be significant in terms of the contraceptive dynamic among WWDs in LMICs. Registration: Open Science Framework (OSF), with registration number; DOI/10.17605/OSF.IO/XCKPT.

scholarly journals Global access to COVID-19 vaccines: a scoping review of factors that may influence equitable access for low and middle-income countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e049505
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F Peacocke ◽  
Lieke Fleur Heupink ◽  
Katrine Frønsdal ◽  
Elin Hoffmann Dahl ◽  
Lumbwe Chola
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Systematic Selection ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Low And Middle Income

ObjectiveTo identify the factors contributing to equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines for low and middle-income countries (LMIC).MethodsWe conducted a scoping review following the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and a five-stage framework for scoping studies. We performed systematic searches for published peer-reviewed literature in five databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus and COVID-19 Evidence Epistemonikos (August 2020, updated May 2021).ResultsSystematic selection according to predefined criteria resulted in the final inclusion of 45 peer-reviewed articles, with no limitations on study design or publication type. We derived four key factors that potentially influence equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines in LMICs: (1) collectively agreed global mechanisms or frameworks; (2) bilateral purchasing, contracting, and vaccine prices; (3) vaccine manufacturing that is supported by sharing know-how; and (4) countries’ strength in implementing vaccination programmes.ConclusionsThis scoping review highlights the ongoing challenges for the international community in ensuring equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines for LMICs. The literature suggests that vaccine manufacturing can influence the supply of vaccines, as can the role of patent holders who can influence global governance through their role in the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. Our findings indicate that including the principles of equitable access throughout vaccine research and development, procurement, scale-up and distribution processes can support equitable access for LMICs. Advances made with mRNA vaccines may have additional benefits in relation to expanding the manufacturing of other vaccine. Finally, the exploration and scale-up of such capacities of LMICs are likely to prove to be a valuable investment, even after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Educational Curricula and Programs in Adolescent Medicine for Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4s) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen K. Miller ◽  
Sarah Jane Brown ◽  
Betsy Pfeffer ◽  
Peter Olupot-Olupot ◽  
Sabrina Kitaka
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

ABSTRACT Background Adolescent medicine (AM) has been increasingly recognized as critically important to the health of individuals during their transition to adulthood. On a global scale, AM is often underprioritized and underfunded. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), education and AM training is developing, and AM physicians often are from general medicine backgrounds. Objective The objective of our scoping review was to identify existing training curricula and educational tools designed to teach AM skills to health care workers in LMICs. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews for article identification and inclusion. Online databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus, were used to identify papers. We included studies that took place in a LMIC, were available in English, and described any of the following: published educational curricula in AM, education-based intervention for HCWs that focused on AM, or a training opportunity in AM located in a LMIC. Results Our review includes 14 publications: 5 published curricula and 9 articles describing educational interventions or training opportunities in AM in LMICs. Curricula were relatively consistent in the topics included, although they varied in implementation and teaching strategies. The scholarly articles described educational materials and identified a number of innovative strategies for training programs. Conclusions Our review found existing high-quality AM curricula designed for LMICs. However, there is limited published data on their implementation and utilization. There is a continued need for funding and implementation of education in AM in resource-constrained settings.

scholarly journals Evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries: Scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251633
Author(s):  
Joyce Twahafifwa Shatilwe ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Healthcare Information ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background A majority of women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not able to access healthcare information due to different factors. This scoping review aimed to map the literature on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in LMICs. Methods The literature search was conducted through the following databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, MEDLINE with full text, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO), Emerald, Embase, published and peer-reviewed journals, organizational projects, reference lists, and grey literature. Results A total of 377 457 articles were identified from all the databases searched. Of these, four articles met inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. The themes that emerged from our study are as follows: accessibility, financial accessibility/affordability, connectivity, and challenges. This study demonstrated that there are minimal interventions that enable women of reproductive age to access healthcare information in terms of accessibility, financial accessibility, and connectivity. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed poor access and utilization of healthcare information by women of reproductive age. We, therefore, recommend primary studies in other LMICs to determine the accessibility, financial accessibility, connectivity, and challenges faced by women of reproductive age in LMICs.

scholarly journals PCR-based Detection of Diarrheagenic Pathogens in Improved Water Sources: a Scoping Review Protocol of the Evidence in Low- and Middle-income Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibabaw Tadesse Gemeda ◽  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Yonatal Mesfin Tefera ◽  
Adey Feleke Desta ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: Occurrence of diverse human enteric bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens in drinking water samples because of fecal contamination is of increasing public health concern, particularly in developing counties. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based methods in detecting microbial quality of water provides more accurate, sensitive and rapid outcomes over conventional methods of microbial identification and quantification. Therefore, exploring water quality outcomes generated through PCR based methods is important to better understand the status and monitor progress towards internationally set goals for low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence on the magnitude and characteristics of diarrheagenic pathogens as detected by PCR-based methods in improved water sources within the context of low- and middle-income countries. Methods: This scoping review will be undertaken in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will consider studies from 2003 onwards that included PCR-based microbial water quality assessment of improved drinking water sources in low- and middle-income countries. The searches will be undertaken in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, JBI, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. A gray literature search will be conducted in Google and ProQuest. Discussion: This review will systematically discover and integrate the evidence available on the detection of diarrheagenic pathogens through the application of PCR based methods for water quality determination. In this review, information about the applied PCR method, detected diarrheagenic pathogens, water sample size, effectiveness in terms of time and cost, will be gathered and summarized. Diagrammatic and/or tabular presentation supported with a narrative synthesis will be used. The review will be reported according to a reporting guideline for scoping reviews: PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA ScR).

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