scholarly journals Oil crops in biofuel applications: South Africa gearing up for a bio-based economy

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
BB Marvey
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
The World

Large fluctuations in crude oil prices and the diminishing oil supply have left economies vulnerable to energy shortages thus placing an enormous pressure on nations around the world to seriously consider alternative renewable resources as feedstock in biofuel applications. Apart from energy security reasons, biofuels offer other advantages over their petroleum counterparts in that they contribute to the reduction in green- house gas emissions and to sustainable development. Just a few decades after discontinuing its large scale production of bioethanol for use as en- gine fuel, South Africa (SA) is again on its way to resuscitating its biofuel industry. Herein an overview is presented on South Africa’s oilseed and biofuel production, biofuels industrial strategy, industry readiness, chal- lenges in switching to biofuels and the strategies to overcome potential obstacles.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of oil food complex products in the conditions of integration of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Antonyuk ◽  
T. Stupnytska ◽  
P. Antonyuk ◽  
O. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World

The article examines the current tendencies of entering the oil and fat subcomplex of Ukraine intothe world markets. It has been revealed that oil crops and their products are the main export commodity inagro-food export of the state. The large scale production of the sub-complex products, with modest domesticconsumption, is first and foremost associated with successful integration into international trade. Foreigntrade thus becomes an important factor in the development of the subcomplex. Considering the complexityand multidimensionality of the problem, the main segments of the market - oilseeds, oils and oilcake - arehighlighted in the research. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of export volumes, dynamics, position on the world market and opportunities for their strengthening were made. It has been established thatUkraine, as a powerful producer and active participant in the world market, influences, to some extent, theexcess of world production over consumption of oil and products of their processing, which leads to a decrease in export prices and, as a consequence, to a loss of export earnings of domestic exporters. The studysubstantiates the need to improve the structure of production of oilseeds, the balance of use of soybeansand rapeseed, constant monitoring of the situation in foreign markets.

scholarly journals Plants: biofactories for a sustainable future?

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1942) ◽  
pp. 1826-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jenkins ◽  
Aurélie Bovi ◽  
Robert Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Food Applications

Depletion of oil reserves and the associated effects on climate change have prompted a re-examination of the use of plant biomass as a sustainable source of organic carbon for the large-scale production of chemicals and materials. While initial emphasis has been placed on biofuel production from edible plant sugars, the drive to reduce the competition between crop usage for food and non-food applications has prompted massive research efforts to access the less digestible saccharides in cell walls (lignocellulosics). This in turn has prompted an examination of the use of other plant-derived metabolites for the production of chemicals spanning the high-value speciality sectors through to platform intermediates required for bulk production. The associated science of biorefining, whereby all plant biomass can be used efficiently to derive such chemicals, is now rapidly developing around the world. However, it is clear that the heterogeneity and distribution of organic carbon between valuable products and waste streams are suboptimal. As an alternative, we now propose the use of synthetic biology approaches to ‘re-construct’ plant feedstocks for optimal processing of biomass for non-food applications. Promising themes identified include re-engineering polysaccharides, deriving artificial organelles, and the reprogramming of plant signalling and secondary metabolism.

scholarly journals 866 PB 545 PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL CROPS IN SAUDI ARABIA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 557f-557
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sarwar ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Namlah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus

Saudi Arabia is known for arid character and its total unsuitability for any agricultural exploitation. However; it is- now proving otherwise with the application of modern agrotechnology resulting in large scale production of many crops successfully. Considering the international growing demand of essential oils, need of agrocommunities for new crops, advantages of local warm climate and availability of generous government funding system, essential oil production offers immense potential in Saudi Arabia. This paper intends to describe the prospects of raising Pelargonium graveolens, Mentha arvensis, Artemesia pallens, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Ocimum basilicum, Eucalyptus citriodora, Rosemarinus officinalis, Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Jasminum grandiflorum and Pogostemon patchouli successfully at various ecosystems and to establish new agroindustries based on essential oils around the Kingdom.

How Ancient Europeans Saw the World

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Money Economy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The World ◽  
New Research

The peoples who inhabited Europe during the two millennia before the Roman conquests had established urban centers, large-scale production of goods such as pottery and iron tools, a money economy, and elaborate rituals and ceremonies. Yet as this book argues, the visual world of these late prehistoric communities was profoundly different from those of ancient Rome's literate civilization and today's industrialized societies. Drawing on startling new research in neuroscience and cognitive psychology, the book reconstructs how the peoples of pre-Roman Europe saw the world and their place in it. It sheds new light on how they communicated their thoughts, feelings, and visual perceptions through the everyday tools they shaped, the pottery and metal ornaments they decorated, and the arrangements of objects they made in their ritual places—and how these forms and patterns in turn shaped their experience. The book offers a completely new approach to the study of Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe, and represents a major challenge to existing views about prehistoric cultures. It demonstrates why we cannot interpret the structures that Europe's pre-Roman inhabitants built in the landscape, the ways they arranged their settlements and burial sites, or the complex patterning of their art on the basis of what these things look like to us. Rather, we must view these objects and visual patterns as they were meant to be seen by the ancient peoples who fashioned them.

Large-scale production of peripheral human lymphocytes for viral studies: the influence of viability and P.H.A. transformation on the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rossier ◽  
D. Landry-Pigeon
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Large Scale Culture

Thirty-one normal blood donors were bled for purification and large-scale culture of lymphocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (P.H.A.). Despite large fluctuations in the yield of lymphocytes, viability and transformation rates were high and reproducible.Infection of P.H.A.-stimulated lymphocyte cultures from different donors, with vesicular stomatitis virus, produced highly variable yields which at best were 10 × lower than from other tissue-culture systems. Production was probably limited by the low proportion of virus-susceptible cells and the influence of interferon.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN POST-COVID PERIOD FOR UKRAINE AND EASTERN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ірина Шейко ◽  
Олександра Стороженко
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Economic Development

After a major downturn of the global economy in 2020 caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and despite renewed lockdowns in some parts of the world there are optimistic projections about global economy to rebound in 2021. The authors consider the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the economies of Eastern Europe and Ukraine. Purpose of the article is to analyze the latest tendencies of economic growth perspectives in Eastern Europe countries due to COVID-19 pandemic and define the main risks, challenges and strong positions of Ukraine in post-pandemic period. The relevance of this topic lies, first of all, in the importance of determining the prospects for economic development of countries in different scenarios of the pandemic. Based on an in-depth analysis of data from international and Ukrainian agencies and individual experts, forecast data on the future economic development during 2021-2022 of Ukraine and some Eastern Europe countries are summarized. Ukraine, comparing to many countries around the world, has a relatively smaller reduction of economic indexes in 2020, due to the transformational nature of our economy, weak participation in global value chains, a significant share of shadow business and income, underdeveloped tourism, a significant share of agriculture and a large share of large-scale production, which did not stop even during peak quarantine periods.. Attention was paid to the specific risks of a pandemic for the economic development at global level, in Europe and Central Asia region and in Ukraine. The most significant challenges for national economic development were defined as such: strengthening hybrid threats to Ukraine's national security, lack of external financing and narrowing of access to international capital markets, failure to receive planned funding from the IMF, low intensity of reforms. Due to such serious risk factors, there is a need to develop a balanced regulatory to counter growing threats and restore economic growth to pre-pandemia level.

scholarly journals Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Osei Darkwah ◽  
Meilina Ong-Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Negative Impacts

The oil palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq) is the largest produced and highly traded vegetable oil globally yet has the lowest cost of production and significantly higher productivity compared to other oil crops. The crop has the potential of alleviating poverty for smallholders and lifting the economies of countries with large scale production notably, Malaysia and Indonesia and currently on high demand for use as biofuel feedstock. Irrespective of these advantages of the oil palm, there is a global concern on the devastating impact of the crop on the environment and ecosystem during plantation developments and expansions. Deforestation, biodiversity loss, water and air pollution and toxic compounds from palm oil mill effluents (POME) are some of the negative impacts of the oil palm. For the industry to be more beneficial and impactful globally, sustainability strategies becomes urgent need. Sustainability strategies such as increasing the yield of oil palm, precision agriculture, sustainability certification, support for smallholders and circular economy have been put across to curtail the negative impacts of oil palm expansion.

scholarly journals The Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, an Excellent Model Organism for Elucidating Fundamental Molecular Mechanisms and Their Applications in Biofuel Production

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Imran Pancha ◽  
Kazuhiro Takaya ◽  
Kan Tanaka ◽  
Sousuke Imamura
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Cyanidioschyzon Merolae ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Excellent Model ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tor Kinase

Microalgae are considered one of the best resources for the production of biofuels and industrially important compounds. Various models have been developed to understand the fundamental mechanism underlying the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs)/starch and to enhance its content in cells. Among various algae, the red alga Cyanidioschyzonmerolae has been considered an excellent model system to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the accumulation of TAG/starch in the microalga, as it has a smaller genome size and various biotechnological methods are available for it. Furthermore, C. merolae can grow and survive under high temperature (40 °C) and low pH (2–3) conditions, where most other organisms would die, thus making it a choice alga for large-scale production. Investigations using this alga has revealed that the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is involved in the accumulation of carbon-reserved molecules, TAGs, and starch. Furthermore, detailed molecular mechanisms of the role of TOR in controlling the accumulation of TAGs and starch were uncovered via omics analyses. Based on these findings, genetic engineering of the key gene and proteins resulted in a drastic increment of the amount of TAGs and starch. In addition to these studies, other trials that attempted to achieve the TAG increment in C. merolae have been summarized in this article.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

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