scholarly journals Identifying autonomic nervous system dysfunction in acute cerebrovascular attack by assessments of heart rate variability and catecholamine levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akil Eşref ◽  
Yusuf Tamam ◽  
Mehmet Ata Akil ◽  
İbrahim Kaplan ◽  
Mehmet Zihni Bilik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Territory ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the autonomic nervous system caused by cerebral lesions due to acute stroke. We assessed heart rate variability and catecholamine levels in lieu of stroke lesion localization. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 stroke patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured on the first, third, and seventh days following the stroke event. Heart rate variability was evaluated with time-domain and frequency-domain analyses via 24-hour Holter monitor recordings. Results: On the first and third day following the stroke, norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in all patient groups as compared to controls. Epinephrine levels on the first, third and seventh days after the stroke were significantly higher in patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery territory than controls. In frequency-domain analysis, patients with right middle cerebral artery territory lesions had greater low frequency and low frequency to high frequency ratio values than controls. Time-domain analysis revealed significant decreases in the standard deviation from the mean for 5-minute 288 R-R intervals in patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery territory when contrasted with controls. Patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery territory demonstrated the highest increase in the percentage of consecutive R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50) as compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that autonomic dysfunction favoring an increase in sympathetic activity occurs in acute stroke patients.

scholarly journals MRI-related anxiety in healthy individuals, intrinsic BOLD oscillations at 0.1 Hz and heart rate variability in low frequency bands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Pfurtscheller ◽  
Andreas Schwerdtfeger ◽  
David Fink ◽  
Clemens Brunner ◽  
Christoph Stefan Aigner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Small Drop ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Large Drop

AbstractParticipation in a MRI scan is associated with increased anxiety, thus possibly impacting baseline recording for functional MRI studies. We investigated in 23 healthy individuals without any former MRI experience (scanner-naïve) the relations between anxiety, 0.1-Hz BOLD oscillations and heart rate variability (HRV) in two separate resting state sessions (R1, R2). BOLD signals were recorded from precentral gyrus (PCG) and insula in both hemispheres. Phase-locking and time delays were computed in the frequency band 0.07–0.13 Hz. Positive (pTD) and negative time delays (nTD) were found. The pTD characterize descending neural BOLD oscillations spreading from PCG to insula and nTD characterize ascending vascular BOLD oscillations related to blood flow in the middle cerebral artery. HRV power in two low frequency bands 0.06–0.1 Hz and 0.1–0.14 Hz was computed. Based on the drop rate of the anxiety level from R1 to R2, two groups could be identified: one with a strong anxiety decline (large drop group) and one with a moderate decline or even anxiety increase (small drop group). A significant correlation was found only between the left-hemispheric time delay (pTD, nTD) of BOLD oscillations and anxiety drop, with a dominance of nTD in the large drop group. The analysis of within-scanner HRV revealed a pronounced increase of low frequency power between both resting states, dominant in the band 0.06–0.1 Hz in the large drop group and in the band 0.1–0.14 Hz in the small drop group. These results suggest different mechanisms related to anxiety processing in healthy individuals. One mechanism (large drop group) could embrace an increase of blood circulation in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery (vascular BOLD) and another (small drop group) translates to rhythmic central commands (neural BOLD) in the frequency band 0.1–0.14 Hz.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Medical Ward of Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hussen Abdu ◽  
Fentaw Tadese ◽  
Girma Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Medical Ward ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Territory ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background. Distinguishing the category of stroke plays a vital role in planning patient care. Simple clinical findings help distinguish the type of stroke. However, there is a need for diagnostic imaging. In Ethiopia, stroke is the most common neurological condition in patients admitted to hospitals. Yet, there are limited data on comparisons of stroke subtypes. Thus, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of stroke and to compare ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed. Medical records containing complete information and confirmed diagnosis using imaging techniques were included. The data were entered into SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. Results with a P value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. From a total of 312 stroke patients, 204 (65.4%) patients were admitted due to ischemic stroke. More females, 59 (18.9%), were admitted for hemorrhagic stroke than males. In both ischemic, 175 (56.1%) and hemorrhagic, 91 (29.2%) stroke cases, most of the patients were 45 years and above. Middle cerebral artery territory was the most common site of arterial territory infarctions in ischemic stroke, 158 (50.7%). Middle cerebral artery territory also was the most common site of hematoma in hemorrhagic stroke, 91 (29.2%). Infarctions in more than one lobe of the cerebrum (16.4%) and intracerebral hemorrhage in multiple areas of the cerebrum (7.4%) were observed in ischemic as well as hemorrhagic stroke cases. Most of the ischemic, 124 (39.8%), and hemorrhagic, 39 (12.5%), stroke patients presented loss of sensation and weakness of body parts. Hypertension was observed in 124 (39.8%) ischemic and 73 (23.4%) hemorrhagic stroke patients. The mortality rate of ischemic stroke, 47 (15.3%), was two times higher than hemorrhagic stroke, 20 (6.5%). Hypertension was the most common predictor of death in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke cases. Conclusions. Ischemic stroke is a common type of stroke in the medical ward of the study hospital. More females were affected by hemorrhagic stroke than males. Middle cerebral artery territory was the most affected area of the brain in both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Most ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients were admitted due to loss of sensation and weakness of body parts. Hypertension was the most common risk factor of stroke as well as a predictor of stroke-related deaths. Identification of the stroke subtypes may be important in the management of stroke. Thus, health professionals, government officials, community leaders, and the population at large could be involved in creating awareness about antecedent risk factors and clinical presentations of stroke subtypes.

EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND SKIN CONDUCTANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150038
Author(s):  
Ankita Soni ◽  
Kirti Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Frequency Domain Methods

The sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the Autonomic Nervous System[Formula: see text]ANS[Formula: see text] is the primary cause of the variations in Heart Rate and Skin Conductance[Formula: see text]SC[Formula: see text] during different physical activities. This paper aims to analyze the effect of different physical activities i.e. (a) Supine (b) Standing and (c) Warm-up, on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and SC. The standard dataset of 18 subjects has been used to analyze the effect of physical activities on the HRV and SC. In the used dataset, the subjects are in supine, standing, and warm-up positions. The linear methods (time domain & frequency domain) of HRV are implemented on the standard dataset for analyzing the effect of physical activities. It has been observed with the analysis of the HRV that the mean value of time domain methods i.e. the NN interval’s standard deviation (SDNN), the successive RR interval’s root mean square (RMSSD), RR intervals with more than 50 ms differences in between them (NN50), percentage of successive RR intervals that have the difference of more than 50 ms (pNN50) are decreased and the value of Heart rate (HR) increased when the activity has been changed from supine to standing and standing to the warm-up positions. The value of frequency domain methods, such as low frequency (LF) and the ratio of low and high frequency (LF/HF) increased, while the value of HF decreases as activity changes from supine to standing and from supine to warm-up position. Further, the increment is also observed in the value of SC when activity is switched from supine to standing and from standing to the warm-up position. It is concluded from the results that there is a significant decrement that is observed in the value of HRV, while the increment is observed in the value of SC and HR. Decrement of HRV reflects that the sympathetic activity is increased as activity changed from supine to standing and further from standing to warm-up positions.

Reproducibility of Heart Rate Variability Measures in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Ponikowski ◽  
Massimo Piepoli ◽  
Aham A. Amadi ◽  
Tuan Peng Chua ◽  
Derek Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

1. In patients with chronic heart failure, heart rate variability is reduced with relative preservation of very-low-frequency power (< 0.04 Hz). Heart rate variability has been measured without acceptable information on its stability and the optimal recording periods for enhancing this reproducibility. 2. To this aim and to establish the optimal length of recording for the evaluation of the very-low-frequency power, we analysed 40, 20, 10 and 5 min ECG recordings obtained on two separate occasions in 16 patients with chronic heart failure. The repeatability coefficient and the variation coefficient were calculated for the heart rate variability parameters, in the time-domain (mean RR, SDRR and pNN50), and in the frequency-domain: very low frequency (< 0.04 Hz), low frequency (0.04–0.15 Hz), high frequency (0.15–0.40 Hz), total power (0–0.5 Hz). 3. Mean RR remained virtually identical over time (variation coefficient 8%). The reproducibility of time-domain (variation coefficient 25–139%) and of spectral measures (variation coefficient 45–111%) was very low. The stability of the heart rate variability parameters was only apparently improved after square root and after log transformation. 4. Very-low-frequency values derived from 5 and 10 min intervals were significantly lower than those calculated from 40 and 20 min intervals (P < 0.005). Discrete very-low-frequency peaks were detected in 11 out of 16 patients on the first 40, 20 and 10 min recording, but only in seven out of 16 when 5 min segments were analysed. 5. The reproducibility of both time or frequency-domain measures of heart rate variability in patients with chronic heart failure may vary significantly. Square root or log-transformed parameters may be considered rather than absolute units in studies assessing the influence of management on heart rate variability profile. Recordings of at least 20 min in stable, controlled conditions are to be recommended to optimize signal acquisition in patients with chronic heart failure, if very-low-frequency power in particular is to be studied.

scholarly journals Intravenous Thrombolysis of Occlusion in the Middle Cerebral and Retinal Arteries from Presumed Ventricular Myxoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheung-Ter Ong ◽  
Rei-Yeuh Chang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
The Right

Background. Although thrombolytic therapy has been shown to be beneficial to stroke patients, the effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients with ventricle myxoma is unknown.Case Description. A 22-year-old woman with left hemiplegia was sent to the emergency department at a teaching hospital. The magnetic resonance angiography showed occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, and the echocardiography showed a mass in the left ventricle. Intravenous recombined tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was administrated, and the postthrombolysis transcranial Doppler exam showed that her right middle cerebral artery was circulative. The patient's condition improved gradually, and no complication was observed up to 16 months of follow-up.Conclusion. Intravenous rt-PA is a reasonable treatment for stroke patients with ventricle myxoma.

Validity of a Smartphone Application and Chest Strap for Recording RR Intervals at Rest in Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-899
Author(s):  
Reabias de A. Pereira ◽  
José Luiz de B. Alves ◽  
João Henrique da C. Silva ◽  
Matheus da S. Costa ◽  
Alexandre S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Rr Intervals

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the smartphone application (app) HRV Expert (CardioMood) and a chest strap (H10 Polar) for recording R-R intervals compared with electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: A total of 31 male recreational runners (age 36.1 [6.3] y) volunteered for this study. R-R intervals were recorded simultaneously by the smartphone app and ECG for 5 minutes to analyze heart-rate variability in both the supine and sitting positions. Time-domain indexes (heart rate, mean R-R, SD of RR intervals, count of successive normal R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms, percentage of successive normal R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms, and root mean square of successive differences between normal R-R intervals), frequency-domain indexes (low frequency, normalized low frequency, high frequency, normalized high frequency, low-frequency to high-frequency ratio, and very low frequency), and nonlinear indexes (SD of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability and long-term SD of continuous R-R intervals) were compared by unpaired t test, Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, and Bland–Altman plot to evaluate the agreement between the devices. Results: High similarity with P value varying between .97 and 1.0 in both positions was found. The correlation coefficient of the heart-rate-variability indexes was perfect (r = 1.0; P = .00) for all variables. The constant error, standard error of estimation, and limits of agreement between ECG and the smartphone app were considered small. Conclusion: The smartphone app and chest strap provide excellent ECG compliance for all variables in the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear indexes, regardless of the assessed position. Therefore, the smartphone app replaces ECG for any heart-rate-variability analysis in runners.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on heart rate variability by time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear analyses in equine athletes

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Hou Christien Li ◽  
Rachel Wing Chuen Lai ◽  
Yimei Du ◽  
Vivian Ly ◽  
David Chun Yin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Term Fluctuation

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is an intrinsic property that reflects autonomic balance and has been shown to be predictive of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. It can be altered by physiological states such as exercise or pathological conditions. However, there are only a handful of studies on HRV in horses. The aim of this study is to compare HRV parameters before and during exercise in horses. Methods: Time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear analyses were applied to quantify time series data on RR intervals before and during exercise in horses (n=7). Results: Exercise increased heart rate from 44±8 to 113±17 bpm (ANOVA, P<0.05) and decreased standard deviation (SD) from 7±2 to 4±2 bpm, coefficient of variation (CoV) from 16±4% to 3±2% and root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) from 89.4±91.5 to 6.5±3.7 ms. Contrastingly, no difference in low-frequency (0.10±0.03 vs. 0.09±0.03 Hz) and high-frequency (0.19±0.03 vs. 0.18±0.03 Hz) peaks, nor in their percentage powers (2±1 vs. 4±5%; 59±9 vs. 64±20%; 39±10 vs. 32±19%) were observed but very low-frequency, low-frequency, and high-frequency powers (ms2) were reduced from 29±17 to 2±5, 1138±372 to 22±22 and 860±564 to 9±6, respectively, as was total power (in logarithms) (7.52±0.52 to 3.25±0.73). Poincaré plots of RRn+1 against RRn revealed similar ellipsoid shapes before and after exercise. The SD along the line-of-identity (SD2) and SD perpendicular to the line-of-identity (SD1) were decreased by exercise (62±17 vs. 9±5 and 63±65 vs. 5±3), corresponding to increased SD2/SD1 ratio from 1.33±0.45 to 2.19±0.72. No change in approximate and sample entropy was detected (0.97±0.23 vs. 0.82±0.22 and 1.14±0.43 vs. 1.37±0.49). Detrended fluctuation analysis revealed unaltered short-term fluctuation slopes (0.76±0.27 vs. 1.18±0.55) but increased long-term fluctuation slopes (0.16±0.11 vs. 0.50±0.16) after exercise. Conclusion: Exercise leads to a decrease in HRV but did not affect signal entropy in horses.

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