The comparative effect of propolis in two different vehicles; mouthwash and chewing-gum on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation

ABSTRACT Objective: In general, chemical plaque agents have been used in mouthwashes, gels, and dentifrices. In some situations, application of mouthwashes and dentifrices can be difficult. Therefore, different approaches for oral health-care have been needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis chewing-gum compared to propolis-containing mouthwash on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation on patients that refrained from daily oral hygiene procedures for 5 days. Materials and Methods: 10 college students with systemically healthy and very good oral hygiene and gingival health were included in this randomized, single-blind, crossover 5-day plaque regrowth with a 3-day washout period clinical study. After plaque scores were reduced to zero, participants were asked to refrain from oral hygiene procedures and allocated to either propolis mouthwash or chewing-gum group. Chewing-gum was performed after meals 3 times a day for 20 min mouthwash group was instructed to rinse mouthwash 2 times a day for 1 min. On day 5, the clinical periodontal measurements containing plaque and gingival indexes were taken from the participants. Results: The both plaque and gingival indexes of propolis mouthwash group were significantly lower than that of the propolis chewing-gum group (P = 0.005). Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the propolis mouthwash was more effective than the propolis chewing gum on the plaque inhibition and the gingival inflammation.

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Comparative Effectiveness of a Commercial Mouthwash and an Herbal Infusion in Oral Health Care

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3008

Author(s):

Gabriela Ciavoi ◽

Luciana Dobjanschi ◽

Tunde Jurca ◽

Gyongyi Osser ◽

Ioana Scrobota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Comparative Effectiveness ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Gingival Inflammation

Mouthrinse solutions represent a group of products used for maintaining oral hygiene after tooth brushing. Substances contained by plants bring benefits for the whole mouth health. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial mouthwash and of an herbal infusion on dental plaque formation and gingival inflammation. The participants in the study (90 patients) were divided into two groups, the CM group, which rinsed with a commercial fluoride-containing mouthwash and the IM group, which used an herbal infusion. The Silness–Loe plaque index (PI) and the Loe–Silness gingival index (GI) were assessed at baseline and in three following monitoring sessions. Both mouthwashes used had good results in reducing plaque index and gingival index values. In all monitoring sessions, the average PI value calculated in the CM group was relatively lower than in the IM group, probably because of the fluoride contained in the commercial mouthwash. The average GI value calculated in the CM group was slightly higher in showing gingival inflammation than that of the IM group, therefore the IM group had a better average result than the CM group in GI value. Herbal mouthwashes are adequate to induce proper oral prevention through the preservation of good oral health.

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Effect of Fluoride Mouthwash in Iranian Schools: Treatment or Exacerbation of the Disease

Journal of Clinical and Medical Research ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-4333-1(1)-005 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Karimi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Significant Role ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Easy Access ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Insufficient Attention ◽

The World

Dental and oral health is an important part that plays a significant role in the quality of life of people in our society, especially children, but due to insufficient attention, tooth decay in the world is increasing every year. Promoting oral hygiene requires the people's easy access to primary oral health care and the use of these services should be classified.

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A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa- PR, Brazil

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572004000100006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Carlos Alberto Conrado ◽

Sandra Mara Maciel ◽

Márcia Regina Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Oral Health Care ◽

School Level ◽

Educational Approach ◽

Entire Study ◽

School Based ◽

Study Population

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary results of a school-based oral health educational strategy adopted in public primary schools from the city of Maringa, State of Parana, Brazil. The study sample was composed by 556 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years old, 124 schoolteachers and a group of 55 mothers. The educational approach was implemented for 18 months and consisted of reinforcements of interventions addressed to students and schoolteachers at school level and few activities targeted at the mothers, performed by means of home visits. Baseline and follow-up interviews focused on oral health care were undertaken for the entire study population. As a stimulus for the students to achieve proper oral hygiene habits, the simplified oral hygiene index was assessed at three different moments. A statistically significant improvement in their oral hygiene index (p<0.001) was recorded. The results achieved suggest an encouraging tendency towards the improvement in the levels of oral health care among the school-age youths studied. They also point out the need of intensifying the preparation of schoolteachers in oral health topics, as well the instructions to the mothers for their oral health care. Moreover, they highlight the importance of the continuous implementation of school-based programs to promote the oral health.

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Oral health in individuals with psychotic disorders

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0803180j ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 180-187

Author(s):

Svetlana Jovanovic ◽

Ivanka Gajic

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Care Service ◽

Dental Health ◽

Health Care Service ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Antipsychotic Therapy

Mental disorders are an important problem in every national health care service. The importance of psychotic disorders is not only their frequency but also their long-term character, recurrence, association with other diseases, costs and consequences for the family and society. Psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorders and depression) and their treatment may result in serious oral diseases. These disorders and medications used to treat them may lead to a series of oral complications and side effects, predominantly high prevalence of carious and extracted teeth, periodontal disease, inadequate oral hygiene, xerostomia, burning mouth syndrome, bad breath and gustatory sense dysfunction. Psychotic disorders affect oral and dental health in two ways. Behavioural changes affect the oral hygiene maintenance and lead to bad habits and attitudes towards oral health. Antipsychotic therapy has adverse effects on oral health. Literature data suggest that oral health in patients with psychotic disorders is poor and highlight the need to develop specific preventive programmes, which would be aimed at improving behaviour of this population at risk in the oral health care system.

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Oral Health Attitudes among Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students in Germany

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17124253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 4253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed Mekhemar ◽

Jonas Conrad ◽

Sameh Attia ◽

Christof Dörfer

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Education ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Dental Students ◽

Care Providers ◽

Health Attitudes ◽

German Universities

Oral health care providers are expected to show good examples of oral health behaviours and attitudes to their community. Previous studies displayed the constructive effect of dental education on oral hygiene manners of undergraduate students. The aim of this survey was to assess and compare aspects of oral health attitudes and behaviours between preclinical and clinical dental students in German universities. The German-language version of the HU-DBI was distributed to preclinical and clinical students from different German universities. Dichotomized (agree/disagree) responses to 20 HU-DBI items were provided in this study, with a maximum possible score of 19. A quantitative estimate of oral health attitudes and behaviours was provided by the total of appropriate answers given to every statement by each group. Data were analysed statistically. The overall mean score of answers favouring good oral hygiene was marginally higher in preclinical (14.62) than clinical students (14.31) but showed no statistical significance. Similarly, the analysis of each item individually displayed no statistically significant differences between preclinical and clinical participants, except in a single item of the survey. This study showed no effective differences in oral hygiene attitudes and behaviour between preclinical and clinical students in German universities. This reveals a weak effect of dental education on improving students’ oral health attitudes in Germany and might demand the introduction of more courses emphasizing the importance of correct oral health behaviour of health care providers.

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The validity and reproducibility of an oral rating index as a measurement of gingival health care and oral hygiene level in adults

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027006411.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 411-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Makoto Kawamura ◽

Setsuko Fukuda ◽

Chiaki Inoue ◽

Hisako Sasahara ◽

Yoshifumi Iwamoto

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Gingival Health

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Bitter and sweet taste perception: relationships to self-reported oral hygiene habits and oral health status in a survey of Australian adults

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01910-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kiranjit Kaur ◽

Dean Sculley ◽

Martin Veysey ◽

Mark Lucock ◽

Janet Wallace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Bitter Taste ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Chewing Gum ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Hygiene Habits

Abstract Background Oral health, an essential part of general health and well-being, is influenced by multiple factors, including oral hygiene habits and dietary factors. Dietary preferences are influenced by variation in taste perceptions and threshold tasting. Polymorphisms in specific genes for sweet and bitter taste receptors and bitter taste perception have been associated with dental caries. However, taste is complex with multiple receptors, each with multiple potential polymorphisms contributing to taste perception as well as social, cultural, and environmental influences. Additionally, these association studies have been conducted in restricted cohorts (e.g., children only). Furthermore, outcomes have been limited to dental caries and studies between taste perception and oral hygiene habits have not been completed. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to investigate the relationships between bitter and sweet taste perception (liking and intensity of index food items), self-reported oral hygiene habits and oral health (n = 518). Results Higher mean intensity scores for bitter (16–21%) and sweet (< 5%-60%) were seen with higher frequencies of oral hygiene habits (brushing, use of mouthwash, chewing gum and tongue cleaning). Lower mean bitter liking scores (18–21%) were seen with higher frequencies of oral hygiene habits (brushing, mouthwash use, floss use and chewing gum). Sweet liking scores varied by reported frequency of mouthwash use and flossing only, with mixed patterns of variance. Mean bitter and sweet intensity perception scores varied with the number of dental caries ((13–20% higher in those with 3 or more caries, compared to none). Conclusions While there were numerous relationships identified between liking and perception of sweet and bitter and oral health outcomes, the magnitude and direction of associations varied by outcome. The direction of the associations cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. The demonstrated relationships justify further future investigations, which could help better understand if taste liking and perception is impacted by oral hygiene and health, or vice versa. This could be important in understanding the causation and progression of oral health diseases or the development of novel therapeutics for oral health.

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Risk of preterm birth associated with maternal gingival inflammation and oral hygiene behaviours in rural Nepal: a community-based, prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e036515

Author(s):

Daniel J Erchick ◽

Subarna K Khatry ◽

Nitin K Agrawal ◽

Joanne Katz ◽

Steven C LeClerq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Community Based ◽

Rural Nepal ◽

In Pregnancy

ObjectivesObservational studies have identified associations between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of periodontal therapy have yielded inconsistent results. Few studies have explored relationships between gingival inflammation and these outcomes or been conducted in rural, low-income communities, where confounding risk factors differ from other settings.MethodsWe conducted a community-based, prospective cohort study with the aim of estimating associations between the extent of gingival inflammation in pregnant women and incidence of preterm birth in rural Nepal. Our primary exposure was gingival inflammation, defined as bleeding on probing (BOP) ≥10%, stratified by BOP <30% and BOP ≥30%. A secondary exposure, mild periodontitis, was defined as ≥2 interproximal sites with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm (different teeth) or one site with PD ≥5 mm. Our primary outcome was preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation). We used Poisson regression to model this relationship, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 1394 participants, 554 (39.7%) had gingival inflammation, 54 (3.9%) mild periodontitis and 197 (14.1%) delivered preterm. In the adjusted regression model, increasing extent of gingival inflammation was associated with a non-significant increase in risk of preterm birth (BOP ≥30% vs no BOP: adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.37, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.32). A secondary analysis, stratifying participants by when in pregnancy their oral health status was assessed, showed an association between gingival inflammation and preterm birth among women examined in their first trimester (BOP ≥30% vs no BOP: aRR 2.57, 95% CI: 1.11 to 5.95), but not later in pregnancy (BOP ≥30% vs no BOP: aRR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.52 to 2.11).ConclusionsGingival inflammation in women examined early in pregnancy and poor oral hygiene behaviours were risk factors for preterm birth. Future studies should evaluate community-based oral health interventions that specifically target gingival inflammation, delivered early in or before pregnancy, on preterm birth.Trial registration numberNepal Oil Massage Study, NCT01177111.

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Refining an Oral Health Care Partner Intervention Using Behavior Change Techniques

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 415-415

Author(s):

Rachel Hirschey ◽

Courtney Caiola ◽

Ya-Ning Chan ◽

Brenda Plassman ◽

Bei Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Oral Care ◽

The Self ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Behavior Change Techniques ◽

Mild Dementia ◽

Use Behavior

Abstract Following a pilot, we refined an oral health carepartner intervention for individuals with mild dementia (IMD). In this intervention, we use behavior change techniques (BCTs) to foster changes by carepartners including using new oral-care techniques and developing skills for using cueing and communications approaches to support behavior changes by IMD (duration and frequency of toothbrushing and oral-hygiene skills); thus, improving plaque and gingival indices. We describe our approach to refining the intervention manual including a) completing the self-paced BCT taxonomy course, b) developing a coding schema, c) coding the original manual for evidence of BCTs, and d) refining the manual to improve use of BCTS in the refined intervention. Our results detail how BCTs can be applied to refine and improve interventions. This research demonstrates the value in using BCTs for interventions to address how carepartners and IMD can collaborate to improve oral hygiene care.

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