Surface-based map plasticity of brain regions related to sensory motor and pain information processing after osteonecrosis of the femoral head

AbstractThis article presents an overview of sensorymotor aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These phenomena have received less attention than obsessions and compulsions, but are nonetheless important in the development, maintenance, phenomenology, and treatment of the disease. In many individuals, seemingly disparate sensory-motor symptoms can be conceptualized as part and parcel of OCD. Sensory-motor aspects are discussed within the context of faulty information processing and related to neuropsychiatric systems characteristic of OCD. As the pathophysiology of OCD is highly extensive, not all sensory-motor symptoms discussed here will be observed in every individual.

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Effects of Nicotine on Emotional Reactivity in PTSD and Non-PTSD Smokers: Results of a Pilot fMRI Study

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1155/2012/265724 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brett Froeliger ◽

Jean Crowell Beckham ◽

Michelle Feldman Dennis ◽

Rachel Victoria Kozink ◽

Francis Joseph McClernon

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Facial Feature ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Emotional Information ◽

Group Interactions ◽

Feature Processing ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Emotional Information Processing

There is evidence that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may smoke in part to regulate negative affect. This pilot fMRI study examined the effects of nicotine on emotional information processing in smokers with and without PTSD. Across groups, nicotine increased brain activation in response to fearful/angry faces (compared to neutral faces) in ventral caudate. Patch x Group interactions were observed in brain regions involved in emotional and facial feature processing. These preliminary findings suggest that nicotine differentially modulates negative information processing in PTSD and non-PTSD smokers.

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Normalization Principles in Computational Neuroscience

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Neuroscience ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.013.43 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenway Louie ◽

Paul W. Glimcher

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Computational Neuroscience ◽

Linear Models ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Information Coding ◽

Brain Organization ◽

Contextual Modulation ◽

Early Visual Cortex ◽

And Function ◽

And Behavior

A core question in systems and computational neuroscience is how the brain represents information. Identifying principles of information coding in neural circuits is critical to understanding brain organization and function in sensory, motor, and cognitive neuroscience. This provides a conceptual bridge between the underlying biophysical mechanisms and the ultimate behavioral goals of the organism. Central to this framework is the question of computation: what are the relevant representations of input and output, and what algorithms govern the input-output transformation? Remarkably, evidence suggests that certain canonical computations exist across different circuits, brain regions, and species. Such computations are implemented by different biophysical and network mechanisms, indicating that the unifying target of conservation is the algorithmic form of information processing rather than the specific biological implementation. A prime candidate to serve as a canonical computation is divisive normalization, which scales the activity of a given neuron by the activity of a larger neuronal pool. This nonlinear transformation introduces an intrinsic contextual modulation into information coding, such that the selective response of a neuron to features of the input is scaled by other input characteristics. This contextual modulation allows the normalization model to capture a wide array of neural and behavioral phenomena not captured by simpler linear models of information processing. The generality and flexibility of the normalization model arises from the normalization pool, which allows different inputs to directly drive and suppress a given neuron, effectively separating information that drives excitation and contextual modulation. Originally proposed to describe responses in early visual cortex, normalization has been widely documented in different brain regions, hierarchical levels, and modalities of sensory processing; furthermore, recent work shows that the normalization extends to cognitive processes such as attention, multisensory integration, and decision making. This ubiquity reinforces the canonical nature of the normalization computation and highlights the importance of an algorithmic framework in linking biological mechanism and behavior.

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Impairments in sensory-motor gating and information processing in a mouse model of Ehmt1 haploinsufficiency

Brain and Neuroscience Advances ◽

10.1177/2398212820928647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 239821282092864

Author(s):

Brittany A Davis ◽

François David ◽

Ciara O’Regan ◽

Manal A Adam ◽

Adrian J Harwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Kleefstra Syndrome ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Processing Deficits ◽

Information Processing Deficits

Regulators of chromatin dynamics and transcription are increasingly implicated in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Haploinsufficiency of EHMT1, encoding a histone methyltransferase, is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders, including Kleefstra syndrome, developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder. Using a mouse model of Ehmt1 haploinsufficiency ( Ehmt1D6Cre/+), we examined a number of brain and behavioural endophenotypes of relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, we show that Ehmt1D6Cre/+ mice have deficits in information processing, evidenced by abnormal sensory-motor gating, a complete absence of object recognition memory, and a reduced magnitude of auditory evoked potentials in both paired-pulse inhibition and mismatch negativity. The electrophysiological experiments show that differences in magnitude response to auditory stimulus were associated with marked reductions in total and evoked beta- and gamma-band oscillatory activity, as well as significant reductions in phase synchronisation. The pattern of electrophysiological deficits in Ehmt1D6Cre/+ matches those seen in control mice following administration of the selective NMDA-R antagonist, ketamine. This, coupled with reduction of Grin1 mRNA expression in Ehmt1D6Cre/+ hippocampus, suggests that Ehmt1 haploinsufficiency may lead to disruption in NMDA-R. Taken together, these data indicate that reduced Ehmt1 dosage during forebrain development leads to abnormal circuitry formation, which in turn results in profound information processing deficits. Such information processing deficits are likely paramount to our understanding of the cognitive and neurological dysfunctions shared across the neurodevelopmental disorders associated with EHMT1 haploinsufficiency.

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Homeostatic brain network mechanisms facilitate perceptual binding of audio-visual speech

10.1101/2020.09.02.276071 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abhishek Mukherjee ◽

Soibam Shyamchand Singh ◽

Dipanjan Ray ◽

Partha Raghunathan ◽

Arpan Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Predictive Coding ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Brain Network ◽

Visual Speech ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Speech Stimuli ◽

Illusory Perception ◽

Brain Functional Connectivity

In daily lives, speech perception requires binding of spatiotemporally disjoint auditory and visual cues. On the other hand, functional segregation and integration are the two complementary mechanisms that capture brain information processing. Here, we demonstrate using fMRI recordings that subjective perceptual experience of multisensory speech stimuli is dependent on a homeostatic balance of segregation and integration mechanisms. Previous reports conceptualized posterior superior temporal sulcus as the key brain region for binding signals from multiple sensory streams. However, we report an enhancement of segregated information processing in distributed brain regions, defined as the perceptual binding network. The seed-based whole brain functional connectivity of each node in this network was anti-correlated with higher propensity for illusory perception. Interestingly, the perceptual binding network was anti-correlated with other intrinsic brain networks, such as dorsal attention and default mode networks during cross-modal perception. The pattern disappeared for people who rarely reported the illusory perception, further strengthening the hypothesis of homeostatic balance. The cognitive theories of Bayesian causal inference and predictive coding hypothesis could explain the balance of segregative and integrative mechanisms during cross-modal perception.

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Two types of phonological reading impairment in stroke aphasia

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcab194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan Vivian Dickens ◽

Andrew T DeMarco ◽

Candace M van der Stelt ◽

Sarah F Snider ◽

Elizabeth H Lacey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phonological Processing ◽

Reading Aloud ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Support Vector ◽

Reading Accuracy ◽

Reading Impairment ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Structural Connections ◽

Lesion Symptom Mapping

Abstract Alexia is common in the context of aphasia. It is widely agreed that damage to phonological and semantic systems not specific to reading causes co-morbid alexia and aphasia. Studies of alexia to date have only examined phonology and semantics as singular processes or axes of impairment, typically in the context of stereotyped alexia syndromes. However, phonology, in particular, is known to rely on subprocesses, including sensory-phonological processing, motor-phonological processing, and sensory-motor integration. Moreover, many people with stroke aphasia demonstrate mild or mixed patterns of reading impairment that do not fit neatly with one syndrome. This cross-sectional study tested whether the hallmark symptom of phonological reading impairment, the lexicality effect, emerges from damage to a specific subprocess of phonology in stroke patients not selected for alexia syndromes. Participants were 30 subjects with left-hemispheric stroke and 37 age- and education-matched controls. A logistic mixed-effects model tested whether post-stroke impairments in sensory phonology, motor phonology, or sensory-motor integration modulated the effect of item lexicality on patient accuracy in reading aloud. Support vector regression voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping localized brain regions necessary for reading and non-orthographic phonological processing. Additionally, a novel support vector regression structural connectome-symptom mapping method identified the contribution of both lesioned and spared but disconnected, brain regions to reading accuracy and non-orthographic phonological processing. Specifically, we derived whole-brain structural connectomes using constrained spherical deconvolution-based probabilistic tractography and identified lesioned connections based on comparisons between patients and controls. Logistic mixed-effects regression revealed that only greater motor-phonological impairment related to lower accuracy reading aloud pseudowords versus words. Impaired sensory-motor integration was related to lower overall accuracy in reading aloud. No relationship was identified between sensory-phonological impairment and reading accuracy. Voxel-based and structural connectome lesion-symptom mapping revealed that lesioned and disconnected left ventral precentral gyrus related to both greater motor-phonological impairment and lower sublexical reading accuracy. In contrast, lesioned and disconnected left temporoparietal cortex is related to both impaired sensory-motor integration and reduced overall reading accuracy. These results clarify that at least two dissociable phonological processes contribute to the pattern of reading impairment in aphasia. First, impaired sensory-motor integration, caused by lesions disrupting the left temporoparietal cortex and its structural connections, non-selectively reduces accuracy in reading aloud. Second, impaired motor-phonological processing, caused at least partially by lesions disrupting left ventral premotor cortex and structural connections, selectively reduces sublexical reading accuracy. These results motivate a revised cognitive model of reading aloud that incorporates a sensory-motor phonological circuit.

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The Menstrual Cycle Modulates Whole-Brain Turbulent Dynamics

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.753820 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Eleonora De Filippi ◽

Carme Uribe ◽

Daniela S. Avila-Varela ◽

Noelia Martínez-Molina ◽

Venera Gashaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Hormonal Contraceptive ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Attention Networks ◽

Dynamic Framework ◽

Two Phases ◽

Contraceptive Study

Brain dynamics have recently been shown to be modulated by rhythmic changes in female sex hormone concentrations across an entire menstrual cycle. However, many questions remain regarding the specific differences in information processing across spacetime between the two main follicular and luteal phases in the menstrual cycle. Using a novel turbulent dynamic framework, we studied whole-brain information processing across spacetime scales (i.e., across long and short distances in the brain) in two open-source, dense-sampled resting-state datasets. A healthy naturally cycling woman in her early twenties was scanned over 30 consecutive days during a naturally occurring menstrual cycle and under a hormonal contraceptive regime. Our results indicated that the luteal phase is characterized by significantly higher information transmission across spatial scales than the follicular phase. Furthermore, we found significant differences in turbulence levels between the two phases in brain regions belonging to the default mode, salience/ventral attention, somatomotor, control, and dorsal attention networks. Finally, we found that changes in estradiol and progesterone concentrations modulate whole-brain turbulent dynamics in long distances. In contrast, we reported no significant differences in information processing measures between the active and placebo phases in the hormonal contraceptive study. Overall, the results demonstrate that the turbulence framework is able to capture differences in whole-brain turbulent dynamics related to ovarian hormones and menstrual cycle stages.

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A Distributed Network for Multimodal Experiential Representation of Concepts

10.1101/2021.07.05.451188 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jia-Qing Tong ◽

Jeffrey R. Binder ◽

Colin J. Humphries ◽

Lisa L. Conant ◽

Leonardo Fernandino

Keyword(s):

Brain Regions ◽

Association Cortex ◽

Specific Information ◽

Concept Representation ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Similarity Structure ◽

Convergence Zones ◽

Cortical Regions ◽

Cortical System ◽

High Level

The architecture of the cortical system underlying concept representation is a topic of intense debate. Much evidence supports the claim that concept retrieval selectively engages sensory, motor, and other neural systems involved in the acquisition of the retrieved concept, yet there is also strong evidence for involvement of high-level, supramodal cortical regions. A fundamental question about the organization of this system is whether modality-specific information originating from sensory and motor areas is integrated across multiple ″convergence zones″ or in a single centralized ″hub″. We used representational similarity analysis (RSA) of fMRI data to map brain regions where the similarity structure of neural patterns elicited by large sets of concepts matched the similarity structure predicted by a high-dimensional model of concept representation based on sensory, motor, affective, and other modal aspects of experience. Across two studies involving different sets of concepts, different participants, and different tasks, searchlight RSA revealed a distributed, bihemispheric network engaged in multimodal experiential representation, composed of high-level association cortex in anterior, lateral, and ventral temporal lobe; inferior parietal lobule; posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus; and medial, dorsal, ventrolateral, and orbital prefrontal cortex. These regions closely resemble networks previously implicated in general semantic and ″default mode″ processing and are known to be high-level hubs for convergence of multimodal processing streams. Supplemented by an exploratory cluster analysis, these results indicate that the concept representation system consists of multiple, hierarchically organized convergence zones supporting multimodal integration of experiential information.

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Patterns of neurodegeneration in dementia reflect a global functional state space

10.1101/2020.11.09.20228676 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D. Jones ◽

V. Lowe ◽

J. Graff-Radford ◽

H. Botha ◽

D. Wiepert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

State Space ◽

Functional State ◽

Large Scale ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Clinical Neurology ◽

Brain Anatomy ◽

Mental Functions ◽

Mental Abilities

AbstractDisruption of mental functions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders is accompanied by selective degeneration of brain regions for unknown reasons. These regions comprise large-scale ensembles of cells organized into networks required for mental functioning. A mechanistic framework does not exist to explain the relationship between clinical symptoms of dementia, patterns of neurodegeneration, and the functional connectome. The association between dementia symptoms and degenerative brain anatomy encodes a mapping between mental functions and neuroanatomy. We isolated this mapping through unsupervised decoding of neurodegeneration in humans. This reflected a simple information processing-based functional description of macroscale brain anatomy, the global functional state space (GFSS). We then linked the GFSS to AD physiology, functional networks, and mental abilities. We extended the GFSS framework to normal aging and seven degenerative diseases of mental functions.One Sentence SummaryA global information processing framework for mental functions links neuroanatomy, cognitive neuroscience and clinical neurology.

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A central role for the retrosplenial cortex in de novo environmental learning

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.09031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Stephen D Auger ◽

Peter Zeidman ◽

Eleanor A Maguire

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Information Processing ◽

Navigation System ◽

De Novo ◽

Prior Experience ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Retrosplenial Cortex ◽

Environmental Learning ◽

Fundamental Knowledge ◽

The World

With experience we become accustomed to the types of environments that we normally encounter as we navigate in the world. But how does this fundamental knowledge develop in the first place and what brain regions are involved? To examine de novo environmental learning, we created an ‘alien’ virtual reality world populated with landmarks of which participants had no prior experience. They learned about this environment by moving within it during functional MRI (fMRI) scanning while we tracked their evolving knowledge. Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) played a central and highly selective role by representing only the most stable, permanent features in this world. Subsequently, increased coupling was noted between RSC and hippocampus, with hippocampus then expressing knowledge of permanent landmark locations and overall environmental layout. Studying how environmental representations emerge from scratch provided a new window into the information processing underpinning the brain's navigation system, highlighting the key influence of the RSC.

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