scholarly journals Expression of mycolic acid in response to stress and association with differential clinical manifestations of tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Mandira Varma-Basil ◽  
NareshKumar Sharma ◽  
Nisha Rathor ◽  
Rajesh Sinha ◽  
Shraddha Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Response To Stress

scholarly journals The Brain–Skin Axis in Psoriasis—Psychological, Psychiatric, Hormonal, and Dermatological Aspects

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Luiza Marek-Jozefowicz ◽  
Rafał Czajkowski ◽  
Alina Borkowska ◽  
Bogusław Nedoszytko ◽  
Michał A. Żmijewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Functional Analog ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Brain

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with systemic manifestation, in which psychological factors play an important role. The etiology of psoriasis is complex and multifactorial, including genetic background and environmental factors such as emotional or physical stress. Psychological stress may also play a role in exacerbation of psoriasis, by dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathetic–adrenal–medullary axis, peripheral nervous system, and immune system. Skin cells also express various neuropeptides and hormones in response to stress, including the fully functional analog of the HPA axis. The deterioration of psoriatic lesions is accompanied by increased production of inflammatory mediators, which could contribute to the imbalance of neurotransmitters and the development of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, deregulation of the crosstalk between endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine stress signaling pathways contributes to clinical manifestations of psoriasis, which requires multidisciplinary approaches.

scholarly journals Repurposing of FDA-Approved Drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Target MMA4 and CmaA2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14688-14696
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most dreadful and deadliest diseases, killing millions annually. Its causative organism is a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis which primarily attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis can be classified as latent and active based on the presence/absence of the clinical manifestations. Also known as active TB, pulmonary TB is characterized by extreme infection, whereas in latent TB, no infection or symptom is seen. In this in silico study, we focus on the molecular docking-based virtual screening of 10 FDA-approved drugs which already used to treat bacterial infections against target methoxy mycolic acid synthase 4 (MMA4) and cyclopropane mycolic acid synthase (CmaA2). Drug-resistant TB is the most challenging factor for the design and formulation of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Mycolic acid plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of TB and, therefore, can be an extremely valuable target. Based on a study conducted on mice, by rendering the hma genes (MMA4 and cmaA) inactive, no synthesis of mycolic acid is observed. The binding energy scores of each ligand docked against the target shows the affinity that happens against the Tuberculosis disease.

scholarly journals Adrenal Oncocytic Neoplasm with Paradoxical Loss of Important Mitochondrial Steroidogenic Protein: The 18 kDA Translocator Protein

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ruiz-Cordero ◽  
Alia Gupta ◽  
Arumugam R. Jayakumar ◽  
Gaetano Ciancio ◽  
Gunnlaugur Petur Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Adrenal Neoplasms ◽  
Oncocytic Tumor ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Oncocytic Neoplasm

The adrenal glands produce a variety of hormones that play a key role in the regulation of blood pressure, electrolyte homeostasis, metabolism, immune system suppression, and the body’s physiologic response to stress. Adrenal neoplasms can be asymptomatic or can overproduce certain hormones that lead to different clinical manifestations. Oncocytic adrenal neoplasms are infrequent tumors that arise from cells in the adrenal cortex and display a characteristic increase in the number of cytoplasmic mitochondria. Since the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis includes the transport of cholesterol across the mitochondrial membranes, in part carried out by the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), we assessed the expression of TSPO in a case of adrenal oncocytic neoplasm using residual adrenal gland of the patient as internal control. We observed a significant loss of TSPO immunofluorescence expression in the adrenal oncocytic tumor cells when compared to adjacent normal adrenal tissue. We further confirmed this finding by employing Western blot analysis to semiquantify TSPO expression in tumor and normal adrenal cells. Our findings could suggest a potential role of TSPO in the tumorigenesis of this case of adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasm.

Morphologic alteration in the muscles of patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis or myopathy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
Y. Muranaka ◽  
I. Ohta ◽  
N. Honda
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tubular Aggregates ◽  
Hypokalemic Myopathy ◽  
Transmission Electron

There have been many reports on ultrastructural alterations in muscles of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hpp) and hypokalemic myopathy(hm). It is stressed in those reports that tubular structures such as tubular aggregates are usually to be found in hpp as a characteristic feature, but not in hm. We analyzed the histological differences between hpp and hm, comparing their clinical manifestations and morphologic changes in muscles. Materials analyzed were biopsied muscles from 18 patients which showed muscular symptoms due to hypokalemia. The muscle specimens were obtained by means of biopsy from quadriceps muscle and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4) and analyzed by ordinary method and modified Golgimethod. The ultrathin section were examined in JEOL 200CX transmission electron microscopy.Electron microscopic examinations disclosed dilated t-system and terminal cistern of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)(Fig 1), and an unique structure like “sixad” was occasionally observed in some specimens (Fig 2). Tubular aggregates (Fig 3) and honeycomb structure (Fig 4) were also common characteristic structures in all cases. These ultrastructural changes were common in both the hypokalemic periodic paralysis and the hypokalemic myopathy, regardless of the time of biopsy or the duration of hypokalemia suffered.

Aerodynamic and Acoustic Voice Measures Before and After an Acute Public Speaking Stressor

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3311-3325
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Perrine ◽  
Ronald C. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine if differences in stress system activation lead to changes in speaking fundamental frequency, average oral airflow, and estimated subglottal pressure before and after an acute, psychosocial stressor. Method Eighteen vocally healthy adult females experienced the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The TSST includes public speaking and performing mental arithmetic in front of an audience. At seven time points, three before the stressor and four after the stressor, the participants produced /pa/ repetitions, read the Rainbow Passage, and provided a saliva sample. Measures included (a) salivary cortisol level, (b) oral airflow, (c) estimated subglottal pressure, and (d) speaking fundamental frequency from the second sentence of the Rainbow Passage. Results Ten of the 18 participants experienced a hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to stress as indicated by a 2.5-nmol/L increase in salivary cortisol from before the TSST to after the TSST. Those who experienced a response to stress had a significantly higher speaking fundamental frequency before and immediately after the stressor than later after the stressor. No other variable varied significantly due to the stressor. Conclusions This study suggests that the idiosyncratic and inconsistent voice changes reported in the literature may be explained by differences in stress system activation. In addition, laryngeal aerodynamic measures appear resilient to changes due to acute stress. Further work is needed to examine the influence of other stress systems and if these findings hold for dysphonic individuals.

Nutritional B12 Deficiency in Infants of Vitamin B12-Deficient Mothers

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Halicioglu ◽  
Sezin Asik Akman ◽  
Sumer Sutcuoglu ◽  
Berna Atabay ◽  
Meral Turker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Hematological Evaluation ◽  
Nutritional Vitamin

Aim: Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in infants may occur because the maternal diet contains inadequate animal products. Clinical presentations of the infants who had nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were analyzed in this study. Subjects and Methods: Patients with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were enrolled in the study between 2003 and 2010. The diagnosis was based on a nutritional history of mothers and infants, clinical findings, hematological evaluation, and low level of serum vitamin B12. Results: Thirty children aged 1 - 21 months constituted the study group. Poverty was the main cause of inadequate consumption of animal products of the mothers. All infants had predominantly breastfed. The most common symptoms were developmental delay, paleness, apathy, lethargy, anorexia, and failure to thrive. Hematological findings were megaloblastic anemia (83.3 %), thrombocytopenia (30 %), and severe anemia (13.3 %). All of the mothers had low serum B12 levels; eight of them had megaloblastic anemia. Conclusion: The unusual clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency may also be seen apart from neurological and hematological findings. Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency due to maternal deficiency might be a serious health problem in infants. Therefore, screening and supplementation of pregnant and lactating women to prevent infantile vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered.

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