Reporting of the core indicators on drinking water and sanitation from urban slums of Jammu: A cross-sectional study

Background: Population inhabit in urban slum of developing countries face sanitation, water supply and cleanliness related issues. We contemplated knowledge, attitudes and practices identified with drinking water and sanitation offices among urban slum populace of Gwalior city, Madhya Pradesh, India.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study comprising of individuals over 18 years of age residing at Muriya Pahar and Awadpura, Urban Slum, Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) from September 2019 to December 2019. Total 120 individuals were interviewed using simple random sampling technique. Basic information about socio-demographic profile and existing drinking water and sanitation related knowledge, attitude, and practices was collected using a modified version of previously validated questionnaire and analysed.Results: Thirty five percent (35%) of the participants were following bleach/chlorine methods of water treatment while twenty five percent (25%) of the participants felt that water available to them was clean and did not require any additional treatment. Forty percent (40%) of the participants surveyed, did not have access to toilets inside their households.Conclusions: There is a requirement for mediation to instruct people about drinking water treatment techniques, sanitation, and hand washing rehearses.

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A community based cross sectional study to assess the drinking water handling and management practices, sanitary practices at the household level in Sullia taluk, Karnataka

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171783 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1678

Author(s):

Sharanya Kaniambady ◽

Dinesh Peraje Vasu ◽

Sandhya G ◽

Annarao Gunderao Kulkarni

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Free Chlorine ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Water And Sanitation ◽

Household Level ◽

Water Handling ◽

Handling Practices

Background: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - 7 aimed to reduce by half the proportion of population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. Without access to clean water and basic toilets, and without good hygiene practices, a child’s survival, growth and development are at risk. This study was conducted to assess the drinking water management and handling practices at household level of Sullia Taluk of Karnataka which would give an insight into drinking water management and handling practices in this area. Also the present study is planned to determine the sanitary practices in the households of Sullia Taluk. Methods: 260 houses were sampled using a probability proportionate to sampling size . A cross sectional study was done using a semistructured questionnaire to assess water handling, water management and sanitary practices. Free chlorine in the water was assessed by O- Toluidine. Results: Main source of drinking water was protected dug well in 31.5% and 75.3% did not have any alternate source of drinking water. 92% of those who stored water in overhead tanks and sumps did not clean them within seven days. 14% of the households did not use any of the water treatment methods before drinking. There was no free chlorine in the water of any of the households . 4% did not wash their hands with soap post-defecation. 28% of the households threw their waste indiscriminately around their house. 92% had cattle in close proximity to their house. None of the households practiced open field defecation. Conclusions: Health education is very important to prevent the incidences of water and sanitation related diseases. Emphasis needs to be given to behavioural change communication to create awareness among the households regarding the importance of water and sanitation practices.

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Fluoride in Drinking Water and Urine: A Cross-Sectional Study among Secondary School Children in Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor, Malaysia

Reaching the Unreached: Improving Population Health in the Rural and Remote Areas ◽

10.26911/theicph.2018.01.51 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Khairin Nabila I ◽

◽

Shaharuddin MS ◽

Zaenal Abidin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Secondary School ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/8237101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Agune Ashole Alto ◽

Wanzahun Godana ◽

Genet Gedamu

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

The Impact ◽

Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

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Study of epidemiological determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2019-0208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Sambedana Mohanty ◽

Manasee Panda

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Structured Questionnaire

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent girls are vulnerable to many problems, undernutrition being the most common. This results in growth restriction resulting in stunting, wasting, underweight and last but not the least iron-deficiency anaemia. Nutritional needs are high during puberty which later leads to complications during pregnancy and its outcomes.Materials and methodsA field based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of the girls and to determine the various factors responsible for undernutrition. After clearance from the Institution Ethical Committee (IEC) and permission from Child Development Programme Officer (CDPO), the study was conducted in the anganwadi centres (AWC) of urban slums in the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine from the 1st October 2014 to the 31st October 2016. All the adolescent girls enlisted in the seven anganwadi centres were included as study subjects with their consent. A pre-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on following sections. (a) socio-demographic profile and (b) nutritional status. Dietary intake was taken using the 24-h recall method. Anthropometry was measured and haemoglobin (Hb) was estimated. SPSS version 21 was used for descriptive and analytic statistics.ResultsAmong the 160 girls 98(61.3%), 69(43.1%), 53(33.1%) were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Anaemia was present among 144(90%) of the girls.ConclusionStrict monitoring of weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFS) as well as nutrition education are essential measures to solve the problem of undernutrition among adolescent girls.

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Prevalence, characteristics and correlates of enteric pathogenic protozoa in drinking water sources in Molyko and Bomaka, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-016-0890-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fuh Anold Nsoh ◽

Buh Amos Wung ◽

Julius Atashili ◽

Pokam Thumamo Benjamin ◽

Eba Marvlyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Water Sources ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drinking Water Sources

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Metals Exposures of Residents Living Near the Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2015/935297 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ellen Yard ◽

Tesfaye Bayleyegn ◽

Almaz Abebe ◽

Andualem Mekonnen ◽

Matthew Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Reference Value ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metal Levels ◽

Akaki River

Background. The Akaki River in Ethiopia has been found to contain elevated levels of several metals. Our objectives were to characterize metals exposures of residents living near the Akaki River and to assess metal levels in their drinking water.Methods. In 2011, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 101 households in Akaki-Kality subcity (near the Akaki River) and 50 households in Yeka subcity (distant to the Akaki River). One willing adult in each household provided urine, blood, and drinking water sample.Results. Urinary molybdenum (p<0.001), tungsten (p<0.001), lead (p<0.001), uranium (p<0.001), and mercury (p=0.049) were higher in Akaki-Kality participants compared to Yeka participants. Participants in both subcities had low urinary iodine; 45% met the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for being at risk of moderate iodine deficiency. In Yeka, 47% of households exceeded the WHO aesthetic-based reference value for manganese; in Akaki-Kality, only 2% of households exceeded this value (p<0.001). There was no correlation between metals levels in water samples and clinical specimens.Conclusions. Most of the exposures found during this investigation seem unlikely to cause acute health effects based on known toxic thresholds. However, toxicity data for many of these metals are very limited.

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