scholarly journals Multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Salmonella spp. in the municipality-supplied drinking water

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Prem Shankar ◽  
Jyotsna Mishra ◽  
Vijaya Bharti ◽  
Deepak Parashar ◽  
Sarman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Mpcr Assay

Abstract BACKGROUND: The contamination with Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Salmonella spp. in drinking water is the most prevalent in Indian subcontinent, but often difficult to detect all these pathogens from the drinking water. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) method was developed to detect contamination of municipality-supplied drinking water with E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Salmonella spp. The primers were designed to target small subunit of 16S rRNA type gene of E. histolytica and G. lamblia, and invasive A gene of Salmonella typhimurium. The optimized mPCR assay was applied on 158 municipality-supplied drinking water samples collected from Delhi. RESULTS: Out of total 158 water samples, 89 (56.32%) were found positive for the targeted pathogens by mPCR while conventional methods could be detected only in 11 (6.96%) samples. The mPCR assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for these pathogens in comparison with culture and microscopic detection. Of the 89 mPCR-positive samples, G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and Salmonella spp. were present in 35 (22.15%), 26 (16.45%), and 28 (17.72%), respectively. Nine (5.69%) samples were positive for both E. histolytica and G. lamblia, 10 (6.32%) were positive for G. lamblia and Salmonella spp., and 8 (5.06%) had Salmonella spp. and E. histolytica. Nonetheless, 3 (1.89%) samples were positive for all three pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: The present assay is an alternative to conventional methods to serve as highly sensitive, specific, and economical means for water quality surveillance to detect the outbreak caused by E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Salmonella spp. pathogens.

scholarly journals Parasitic Contamination of Local Drinking Water Sources in Aba Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Blessing U. Ejike ◽  
Carmelita C. Ohaeri ◽  
Ebube C. Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Water-borne parasitic infections have become a source of concern in recent times due to the contamination of various water sources. A survey on the parasitic contamination of local drinking water sources in Aba metropolis was carried out between August and October 2018. This was done to evaluate the extent of contamination of these water sources and their public health implications. A total number of eighty (80) water samples were investigated from five (5) major water sources within the study area using the standard sedimentation method and examined for parasite cysts, eggs and larvae. Physical/macroscopic examination was done to determine the pH, colour, odour, temperature and presence/absence of particles. Among the water sources analyzed, stream water samples had the highest rate of parasite contamination 27 (44.3%) followed by river water 14 (22.9%) while the least contaminated was borehole 7 (11.5%). Rainwater was found free from parasitic infestation. The differences in the level of contamination among the water sources analyzed were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Five parasites Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides of Entamoeba coli and Hookworm were observed. Each of the sample sources except rainwater harbored at least one of these. Among these parasites, Giardia lamblia had the highest rate occurrence of 15 (24.6%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica 14 (22.9%) and the least frequently occurring parasite was hookworm 8 (13.1%). Most of the identified water sources are utilized by the populace who lack access to potable water. The detection of protozoan and helminthic parasites in drinking water sources is a serious public health concern, hence the proper implementation of a supply of safe drinking water is vital.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of sterilization materials added to drinking water in the elimination of the Larval stages of parasites in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3665-3668
Author(s):  
Sahira Ayed A. Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale

The study was conducted to investigate the cysts and eggs of intestinal parasites in drinking water in four models of drinking water for water purification projects in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate for the period from 1/10/2017 to 1/10/2018. The results of the examination of river water in four districts in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf governorate showed the presence of five species of parasites are cysts of  Entamoeba histolytica by 39%, and the eggs of the  Ascaris worm by 12%,  worm Ancylostoma duodenale  by 4%,  Giardia lamblia cysts 40%, and the eggs of  Enterobius vermicularis by 18%. The results of the tap water examination showed that there were five types of intestinal parasites, but at a lower rate than in river water,  Entamoeba histolytica cysts by 16%, eggs of Ascaris by 7%, Ancylostoma duodenale eggs by 2%, Giardia lamblia cysts by 29%, and Enterobius vermicularis by 5% overall.

scholarly journals Sanitary Status and Occurrence of Some Water-Borne Pathogens in Well and Surface Waters of Panhauya Community and Ahmadu Bello University Farm, Zaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
S. L. Afegbua ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Borne

The Sustainable Development Goal on sanitation aims to achieve universal access to good health, affordable drinking water, sanitation and an end to open defeacation by 2030. The recent ranking of Nigeria as first globally for open defecation is of public and environmental health concern. This study assessed the sanitary condition and the microbiological quality of well and surface waters of Panhauya community and Ahmadu Bello University farm, Zaria, and the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates.. Based on the WHO criteria, the sanitary inspection showed that 16.7%, 54.2%, 25% and 4.2% of the water sampling points had a very high, high, intermediate and low risk of contamination respectively. Occurrence of Escherichia coli, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp and Vibrio cholerae in water samples from Panhuaya community was 87.5%, 75%, 68.8%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% respectively. In ABU farm Shika, the occurrence was; E. coli (75%), E. histolytica (63%), G. lamblia and Salmonella spp. All E. coli isolates exhibited high multidrug resistance to antibiotics screened with a MAR index of 0.3-0.8. The drinking water sources in Panhuaya and ABU farm were unsafe and the presence of these pathogens in the water samples may be attributed to a number of factors including poor sanitation, manure application and open defecation practice. This indicates a public health risk to the residents and emphasises the need for safe water supplies sanitation and antibiotic stewardship. Keywords: Well water; surface water; sanitary inspection; open defecation; water-borne pathogens; Zaria.

Suitability of the H2S method for testing untreated and chlorinated water supplies

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nair ◽  
R. Gibbs ◽  
K. Mathew ◽  
G. E. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
Positive Results

Rainwater, borewater and catchment water are used for domestic water supply purposes with or without treatment in remote areas around the world. These places seldom have any facilities for routine testing of their drinking water. A simple on-site testing method is highly required in such areas. The H2S method has been tested for treated drinking water and was found to have a good correlation with the standard methods. The present study was aimed at assessing the suitability of the H2S method for testing different sources of drinking water. Since these types of water may contain H2S producing bacteria not of faecal origin the occurrence of false results in this method cannot be overruled. Therefore it was worthwhile to study whether the positive results are true positive results and what percentage of false positive and false negative results could be expected while using this test for routine analysis of water samples. Results were compared with the results using standard procedures for testing total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The present experiment analysed 121 rainwater samples, 17 borewater samples, 41 catchment water samples and 74 remote Aboriginal community water samples. Rainwater, borewater and catchment water samples gave true results of 78.5%, 82.3% and 80.5% respectively while the treated and untreated community samples gave true results of 93.7 and 84.6% respectively. It was concluded that in the developing countries where the acceptable level of total coliform is &lt;10 MPN, the H2S method would be a good test to identify microbial contamination. In other regions, the H2S method could be used as a screening test for drinking water supplies.

Duplex RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus isolated from drinking water samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jothikumar ◽  
R. Paulmurugan ◽  
P. Padmanabhan ◽  
R. Balathiripura Sundari ◽  
S. Kamatchiammal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

scholarly journals Bacteriological Examination of Drinking Water from Different Sources in Sokoto State Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
M U Iduh ◽  
T I Spencer ◽  
K Mohammed ◽  
K M Garba ◽  
F O Ashcroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform Count ◽  
Different Sources

A total of 50 water samples comprising; 20 well water, 15 sachet water, 10 borehole water and 5 river water samples, were obtained from Wamakko, Dange-shuni and Wurno local government areas in Sokoto Central, Sokoto West and Sokoto East, Nigeria respectively between March and May 2015. They were analyzed using membrane filtration and pour plate techniques for faecal coliforms count and total coliform count respectively. The total coliform count for all the sources ranged between 0 and 3.28 × 102 with a total mean of 1.11 × 10,2 that of faecal coliform count was found to range between 0 and 92 with a mean total count of 12.58. Among the bacteria isolated and identified, Escherichia coli had the highest total prevalence of 233 (40.31%) and occurring in all the water samples. Klebsiella spp had 99 (17.13%) occurring in all the sources, Salmonella spp 43 (7.44%) occurring in all the sources except for borehole, Pseudomonas species 88 (15.22%) occurring in all the sources, Staphylococcus aureus with 115 (19.90%) occurring in all the sources except for borehole. However, the pHs for all the samples were found to be within the range of 6.51 to 8.0 which are within WHO acceptable range of 6.0 to 8.5. From this study, it is obvious that the water sources from the areas under study are bacteriologically unfit for drinking purposes. These samples with high total coliform count are of concern and calls for urgent and stringent measures aimed at ensuring a safer drinking water for the populace.

scholarly journals Study the infection with intestinal protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among Patients who attending Bint Al- Huda for maternity and children hospital and Al hussin hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi-Qar province

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
One Year

The aims of this study the infection with parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and prevalence rates and their relationship with gende , age group , the number of family members and source of drinking water among the patients at attending the Bint Al Huda and Al- Hussin Teaching hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi- Qar province , it was noticed that the percentage of parasitic infection at females was 38.55% and at males was 61.45% and the percentage of parasitic infection with Entamoeba histolytica 97% was higher than the percentage of parasitic infection with Giardia lamblia 3%,and the reduction of percentage of infection is associated with increasing of the number of family member ,the percentage of infection was 49% at the age group less than one year while it was 4% at the age group more than 15 year ,and the percentage of infection was increasing with number of family members .It was noticed that the higher percentage of infection was (45%) at families with members more than 15 person

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