scholarly journals Versatility of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Poststroke Dysphagia

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soultana L. Papadopoulou ◽  
Avraam Ploumis ◽  
G. Exarchakos ◽  
S. J. Theodorou ◽  
A. Beris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Dysphagic Patients

ABSTRACTVarious techniques and courses of treatment have been researched, proposed, and implemented to evaluate and treat poststroke dysphagia (PSD) which is one of the main medical conditions affecting not only elderly people, as previously assumed, but also in recent years younger populations as well. The effectiveness of therapeutic methods depends mainly on the expertise of an interdisciplinary team of therapists, as well as on the timely application of the treatment. The present review discusses the therapeutic benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients suffering from PSD regardless of the location of the lesion. The use of rTMS directly manipulates cortical brain stimulation to restore neuroplasticity in the affected brain areas. This review presents a synopsis of the available literature on the patient along with a discussion on the effectiveness of rTMS as a safe and easy to use promising technique in the rehabilitation of dysphagic patients. Although the results from the studies so far have been largely positive in that direction, the question still remains whether larger scale and longitudinal studies will be able to corroborate the aspiring future of rTMS. Therefore, research questions to advance further investigation on the application and future of this technique are much in need.

scholarly journals Focal brain stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): implications for the neural circuitry of depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH H. LISANBY
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Cognitive Side Effects

BRAIN STIMULATION IN THE TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIONRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an experimental medical procedure that is currently under investigation for its potential therapeutic value in major depression and other psychiatric and neurological disorders (Wassermann & Lisanby, 2001). The idea of using brain stimulation to treat depression dates back to the origins of ECT, and includes more recently developed techniques such as deep brain stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation. The value of brain stimulation in psychiatry is still most clearly seen in the, as yet, unparalleled efficacy of ECT in treating severe depression (American Psychiatric Association, 2001). While ECT is the most effective and most rapidly acting treatment for depression, it also causes a variable degree of undesirable cognitive side effects that limit its clinical utility and prevent many patients who could benefit from receiving this often life-saving treatment (McElhiney et al. 1995; Lisanby et al. 2000b). The search for an effective somatic treatment for medication resistant depression with fewer cognitive side effects than ECT has motivated much of the work with rTMS in psychiatry.

scholarly journals Noninvasive brain stimulation in rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect after stroke

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Veldema ◽  
Kathrin Bösl ◽  
Günter Neumann ◽  
Geert Verheyden ◽  
Dennis Alexander Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Hemispatial Neglect ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Pertinent Literature

BackgroundNoninvasive brain stimulation can modulate neural processing within the motor cortex and thereby might be beneficial in the rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect after stroke.MethodsWe review the pertinent literature regarding the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation in order to facilitate recovery of hemispatial neglect after stroke.ResultsTwenty controlled trials (including 443 stroke patients) matched our inclusion criteria. Methodology and results of each study are presented in a comparative approach. Current data seem to indicate a better efficiency of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, compared to tDCS to ameliorate hemispatial neglect after stroke.ConclusionsNoninvasive brain stimulation has the potential to facilitate recovery of hemispatial neglect after stroke, but until today, there are not enough data to claim its routine use.

scholarly journals Are We Right about the Right TPJ? A Review of Brain Stimulation and Social Cognition in the Right Temporal Parietal Junction

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Nathira Ahmad ◽  
Samantha Zorns ◽  
Katherine Chavarria ◽  
Janet Brenya ◽  
Aleksandra Janowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right

In the past decade, the functional role of the TPJ (Temporal Parietal Junction) has become more evident in terms of its contribution to social cognition. Studies have revealed the TPJ as a ‘distinguisher’ of self and other with research focused on non-clinical populations as well as in individuals with Autism and Type I Schizophrenia. Further research has focused on the integration of self-other distinctions with proprioception. Much of what we now know about the causal role of the right TPJ derives from TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), rTMS repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), and tDCS (transcranial Direct Cortical Stimulation). In this review, we focus on the role of the right TPJ as a moderator of self, which is integrated and distinct from ‘other’ and how brain stimulation has established the causal relationship between the underlying cortex and agency.

Transcranial brain stimulation and EEG/MEG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Til Ole Bergmann ◽  
Leo Tomasevic ◽  
Hartwig Roman Siebner
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Transcranial Brain Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Induced Changes

Noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct or alternating current stimulation (TDCS/TACS) can be combined with electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). The combination of NTBS and EEG/MEG can 1) inform brain stimulation (where, when, and how to stimulate), and 2) reveal aftereffects of stimulation induced changes in cortical activity, and interregional connectivity (offline approach), as well as the immediate neuronal response to the stimulation (online approach). While offline approaches allow to separate NTBS and EEG/MEG in space and time, online approaches require concurrent stimulation and recording. While TMS and MEG cannot be combined online, concurrent TMS-EEG as well as TDCS/TACS-MEG/EEG are feasible but pose a range of methodological challenges at the technical and conceptual level. This chapter provides an introduction into the principal experimental approaches and research questions that can be tackled by the combination of transcranial brain stimulation and EEG/MEG. We review the technical challenges arising from concurrent recordings as well as measures to avoid or remove stimulation artefacts. We also discuss the conceptual caveats and required control conditions.

scholarly journals Meta-Review of Metanalytic Studies with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for the Treatment of Major Depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Dell’Osso ◽  
Giulia Camuri ◽  
Filippo Castellano ◽  
Vittoria Vecchi ◽  
Matteo Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Stimulation Technique

Background:Major Depression (MD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are worldwide leading causes of disability and therapeutic strategies for these impairing and prevalent conditions include pharmacological augmentation strategies and brain stimulation techniques. In this perspective, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique with a favorable profile of tolerability which, despite being recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with medication-refractory unipolar depression, still raises some doubts about most effective parameters of stimulation.Methods:A literature search was performed using PubMed for the years 2001 through February 2011 in order to review meta-analytic studies assessing efficacy and safety issues for rTMS in depressive disorders. Fifteen meta-analyses were identified and critically discussed in order to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the topic with specific emphasis on potentially optimal parameters of stimulation.Results:First meta-analyses on the efficacy of rTMS for the treatment of MD and TRD have shown mixed results. On the other hand, more recent meta-analytic studies seem to support the antidepressant efficacy of the technique to a greater extent, also in light of longer periods of stimulation (e.g. > 2 weeks).Conclusion:rTMS seems to be an effective and safe brain stimulation technique for the treatment of medication refractory depression. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better define specific stimulation-related issues, such as duration of treatment as well as durability of effects and predictors of response.

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