In-vitro quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of different techniques on the of incipient enamel demineralization

Clinical Relevance A prereacted, glass-ionomer filler fluoride-containing resin composite had lower remineralization potential than glass-ionomer cements but was able to inhibit enamel demineralization; thus, it may be an option for restoring dental surfaces for patients at high risk of caries. SUMMARY Evidence is lacking on the use of surface prereacted glass-ionomer filler resin composites to inhibit demineralization and that simulate real clinical conditions. The present laboratory study evaluated the potential of such composites to prevent demineralization and quantified fluoride (F) and other ions released from restorative materials after a dynamic pH-cycling regimen applied to the tooth material interface in vitro. The pH-cycling regimen was assessed by measuring surface hardness (SH) along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Methods and Materials: Ninety blocks of bovine enamel were subjected to composition analysis with EDX, and were further categorized based on SH. The blocks were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups (n=15 each): F IX (Fuji IX Extra; GC Corporation); IZ (Ion Z, FGM); F II (Fuji II LC, GC Corporation); B II (Beautifil II, Shofu); F250 (Filtek Z250 XT, 3M ESPE); and NT (control, no treatment). The blocks were subjected to a dynamic pH-cycling regimen at 37°C for 7 days concurrently with daily alternations of immersion in demineralizing/remineralizing solutions. EDX was conducted and a final SH was determined at standard distances from the restorative materials (150, 300, and 400 μm). Results: The EDX findings revealed a significant increase in F concentration and a decrease in Ca2+ in the enamel blocks of group B II after the pH-cycling regimen (p<0.05). SH values for groups F IX, IZ, and F II were greater than those for groups B II, F250, and NT at all distances from the materials. Conclusions: The results suggest that each of 3 restorative materials, F IX, IZ, and F II, partially inhibited enamel demineralization under a dynamic pH-cycling regimen.

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In vitro inhibition of enamel demineralization by a polymerizable amphiphilic film

European Journal Of Oral Sciences ◽

10.1034/j.1600-0722.2000.00910.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 108 (6) ◽

pp. 564-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daranee Tantbirojn ◽

Sharon M. Rozzi ◽

Sumita B. Mitra ◽

Brant L. Kedrowski ◽

William H. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Enamel Demineralization ◽

In Vitro Inhibition

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Comparative assessment of resistance to enamel demineralization after orthodontic banding with three different cements- An in vitro study.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal ◽

10.7126/cdj.58140.1008002371 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Ashwith B Hegde ◽

Tushar Patil ◽

Sonali Khandekar ◽

Gaurav Gupta ◽

U.S.Krishna Nayak

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Enamel Demineralization

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Effect of Whole Saliva Components on Enamel Demineralization In Vitro

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine ◽

10.1177/10454411930040031401 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J.D.B. Featherstone ◽

J.M. Behrman ◽

J.E. Bell

Keyword(s):

Dental Enamel ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Basic Proteins ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Flow Through ◽

Mineral Loss

The aim of the present study was to use an in vitro enamel demineralization model (1) to confirm that whole saliva pretreatment conferred acid resistance to dental enamel and (2) to determine whether this phenomenon was attributable to specific salivary proteins, minerals, lipids, or some combination of these. Crowns of human teeth, each with one exposed window, were prepared in groups of ten. They were each pretreated by immersion individually in 4 ml of either (1) clarified whole saliva for 18, 72, or 168 h, (2) dialyzed saliva (3500 MWCO membrane), (3) the "flow-through" fraction from a DEAE separation of whole saliva (neutral and basic proteins), (4) the "eluted" fraction of a DEAE separation of whole saliva (anionic proteins), or (5) a combination of salivary lipids and the DEAE "flow-through" fraction of whole saliva (neutral and basic proteins). Control groups were group 6 with no pretreatment, group 7 pretreated for 168 h in a borate buffer (5 mmol/1), and group 8 pretreated in a mineral solution containing calcium (0.7 mmol/1) and phosphate (2.6 mmol/1). The crowns were then demineralized for 7 d in vitro (0.1 mol/1 acetate, 1 mmol/l Ca and phosphate, pH 5.0) to produce artificial caries-like lesions. Lesions were assessed by cross-sectional microhardness profiles, and mineral loss (AZ, μm x vol% mineral) calculated. Mineral loss (AZ) values decreased linearly with the square root of time of pretreatment by whole saliva, confirming a time-dependent protective effect of salivary pellicle against demineralization of enamel. Pretreatments (168 h) by whole saliva (group 1), dialyzed saliva (group 2), and lipid/'flow through" proteins (group 5) gave equivalent protection (approximately 55%). However, no protection was provided by DEAE-separated protein fractions (no lipid present) or by the mineral alone. The protection of surface enamel against demineralization appears to be given by a combination of specifically adsorbed salivary lipids and proteins.

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Quantitative evaluation of morphological changes in activated platelets in vitro using digital holographic microscopy

Micron ◽

10.1016/j.micron.2018.06.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yutaka Kitamura ◽

Kazushige Isobe ◽

Hideo Kawabata ◽

Tetsuhiro Tsujino ◽

Taisuke Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Digital Holographic Microscopy ◽

Activated Platelets ◽

Holographic Microscopy

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Reliability analysis of two methods for measuring active enamel demineralization: An in vitro study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.110157 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 159-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Camila Nassur ◽

Luciana Pomarico ◽

Lucianne Cople Maia

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Computerized Image Analysis ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Excellent Reproducibility

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of two methods, namely, digital caliper [DC] and computerized image analysis software (Image Tool [IT] version 4.1) for measuring the area of an active enamel demineralization lesion. The effect on that measurement of a window that delimits the lesion was also assessed. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight circular artificial enamel demineralization lesions (r = 2 mm) were produced on bovine teeth in vitro, which were then measured three times by three examiners, with and without the presence of a window delimiting the area to be measured. The data were analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and by the Altman and Bland analysis. Results: The intra-examiner correlation using the IT method showed excellent reproducibility (mean ICC values 0.922-0.970 with the delimiting window and 0.915-0.990 without the window). However, the intra-examiner correlation using the DC method showed comparatively less reproducibility in the measurements (mean ICC values 0.458-0.648 with the delimiting window and 0.378-0.665 without the window). The inter-examiner correlations showed very good reproducibility of the measurements regardless of the presence or absence of the window for both the DC method (0.811-0.846) and IT method (0.953-0.994). However, the latter method showed less variability within the measurements. Conclusion: However, statistically no significant difference was found between both methodologies. Nevertheless, computerized image analysis with the Image Tool software demonstrated higher intra- and inter-examiner reliability than the digital caliper method, in estimating the area of the enamel demineralization lesion, regardless of the delimiting window.

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Cytotoxicity of Self-Etch Versus Etch-and-Rinse Dentin Adhesives: A Screening Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13020452 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 452

Author(s):

Luisa Fröb ◽

Stefan Rüttermann ◽

Georgios E. Romanos ◽

Eva Herrmann ◽

Susanne Gerhardt-Szép

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Test Material ◽

Reactivity Index ◽

Dentin Adhesives ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Self Etch

Six dentin adhesives were tested in vitro regarding their cytotoxicity on human fibroblasts. The adhesives Hybrid Bond, One-up Bond F Plus, AdheSE, Clearfil SE Bond, Optibond Solo Plus and Syntac were eluted with culture medium as single or sequentially applied adhesive part for 24 h. 75 Petri dishes were produced per group. They were evaluated triangulated, comprising the quantitative evaluation (105 ones) to determine “viable”, “dead” and “debris” cells with the use of a cell-counter and the reactivity index was also identified based on the qualitative assessment (420 ones). One-up Bond F Plus, AdheSE and Clearfil SE Bond showed a statistical difference of viable cells to the cell control. For One-up Bond F Plus, statistically, differences compared to hybrid bond and Syntac were also found. All the adhesives except One-up Bond F Plus showed significant differences between single and sequentially applied adhesive part regarding the quantitative evaluation. The test material showed a moderate grade of cytotoxicity. As a result, a statistically significant difference of the cytotoxicity between the self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives cannot be demonstrated regarding the qualitative evaluation and the reactivity index, but the differences between sequentially applied and single applied components can be proved.

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Role of nasal casts for in vitro evaluation of nasal drug delivery and quantitative evaluation of various nasal casts

Therapeutic Delivery ◽

10.4155/tde-2020-0054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 485-495

Author(s):

Per G Djupesland ◽

John C Messina ◽

Ramy A Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Nasal Drug Delivery ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Deposition

Background: Nasal casts may characterize intranasal drug deposition. Methodology: The Koken cast, described as ‘anatomically correct’, and the Optinose cast, derived from MRI of a healthy male during velum closure, were dimensionally compared and assessed for deposition assessment suitability. Results: Smallest vertical cross-sectional areas (valve region) for Koken and Optinose right/left: 2.55/2.75 and 1.18/1.18 cm2, respectively, versus a ‘normative’ mean (range) of 0.85 cm2 (0.2–1.6 cm2). Intranasal volumes differed (computed tomography/water fill): Koken, 35.8/38.6 cm3 and Optinose, 24.1/25.0 cm3, versus a ‘normative’ mean (range) of 26.4 cm3 (20.9–31.1 cm3). Conclusion: Koken cast dimensions are larger than the normal range and the Optinose cast. The validity of casts for regulatory drug deposition studies is suspect.

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