Geophysical Imaging to Enhance Analysis, Design and Drilling of Large‐Scale Geothermal Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Mundell ◽  
Gabriel Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Geophysical Imaging

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

scholarly journals Delineation of catchment zones of geothermal systems in large-scale rifted settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (B10) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Dempsey ◽  
S. F. Simmons ◽  
R. A. Archer ◽  
J. V. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Geothermal Systems

EASYGO - Efficiency and Safety in Geothermal Operations – A new Innovative Training Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Brehme ◽  
Martin O Saar ◽  
Evert Slob ◽  
Paola Bombarda ◽  
Hansruedi Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Research Profile

<p>How to operate a geothermal system in the most efficient and safe manner? This is the most important and urgent question after a geothermal resource has been identified. The recently funded Innovative Training Network ‘EASYGO‘ will answer that question from different perspectives and give high-level training for early stage researchers (ESR; here PhD candidates) in geothermal operations.</p><p>Tackling the challenges of sustainable geothermal operations requires an interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach. To achieve the main objective, researchers will work on the whole chain of geothermal operations, from production to power-plant engineering to injection. They will develop novel monitoring concepts, perform real-time simulations, develop system components, assess novel concepts for operations and test operational parameters at the field scale. The major strength and originality of the programme is that it is developed around large-scale infrastructure. Researchers will have access to the infrastructure in all countries for testing equipment and doing real-time measurements.</p><p>EASYGO graduates will be a new generation of multidisciplinary experts in geothermal operations, trained to achieve standardised efficient and safe operations of geothermal systems to enable the ambitious international expansion plans. The mobility plan of EASYGO envisages each ESR to have at least one academic secondment and one industrial secondment.</p><p>EASYGO consists of an intersectoral team of experts from academic and non-academic institutions. All academic participants are members of the IDEA League, a strategic alliance of leading European universities of technology. The members of the IDEA League with a strong research profile in geothermal energy, TU Delft (The Netherlands), RWTH Aachen (Germany), ETH Zurich (Switzerland) and Politecnico di Milano (Italy), constitute the academic consortium of EASYGO. Additionally, ten industry partners from all countries drive the research from an applied point of view. Our ambition is to contribute to making Europe a world leader in geothermal science, operational technology and education, thereby accelerating the energy transition.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Hydraulic Fracturing under High Temperature and Embedded Fractures in Large Concrete Samples

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3171
Author(s):  
Liangliang Guo ◽  
Zihong Wang ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Haiyang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Fractures ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Fracture Density

In order to study the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing in enhanced geothermal systems, we analyzed the influence of high temperatures and embedded fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures using a laboratory test and numerical simulation. The analysis was conducted via large-scale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests with acoustic emission monitoring. Moreover, we discussed and established the elastic-plastic criterion of hydraulic fracturing initiation. The corresponding fracturing procedure was designed and embedded into the FLAC3D software. Then, a numerical simulation was conducted and compared with the laboratory test to verify the accuracy of the fracturing procedure. The influence of high temperatures on hydraulic fracturing presented the following features. First, multi-fractures were created, especially in the near-well region. Second, fracturing pressure, extension pressure, and fracture flow resistance became larger than those at room temperature. 3D acoustic fracturing emission results indicated that the influence of the spatial distribution pattern of embedded fractures on hydraulic fracturing direction was larger than that of triaxial stress. Furthermore, the fracturing and extension pressures decreased with the increase of embedded fracture density. For hydraulic fracturing in a high temperature reservoir, a plastic zone was generated near the borehole, and this zone increased as the injection pressure increased until the well wall failed.

Combining ExoMars’ Ma_MISS and Drill data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Frigeri ◽  
Maria Cristina De Sanctis ◽  
Francesca Altieri ◽  
Simone De Angelis ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Geophysical Imaging

<p>The ExoMars Rover and Surface Platform planned for launch in 2022 is a large international cooperation between the European Space Agency and Roscosmos with a scientific contribution from NASA.  Thales Alenia Space is the ExoMars mission industrial prime contractor. </p> <p>Besides sensors and instruments characterizing the surface at large scale, the ExoMars’ rover Rosalind Franklin payload features some experiments devoted specifically to the characterization of the first few meters of the Martian subsurface. These experiments are particularly critical for the main ExoMars objective of detecting traces of present or past life forms on Mars, which may have been preserved within the shallow Martian underground [1].</p> <p>Rosalind Franklin will be able to perform both non-invasive geophysical imaging of the underground [2] and subsurface <em>in situ</em> measurements thanks to the Drill unit installed on the rover. The Drill has been developed by Leonardo and its purposes are 1) to collect core samples to be analyzed in the Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD) onboard the Rover and 2) to drive the miniaturized spectrometer Ma_MISS within the borehole.   </p> <p>Ma_MISS (Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies, [3]) will collect mineralogic measurements from the rocks exposed into the borehole created by the Drill with a spatial resolution of 120 μm down to 2 meters into the Martian subsurface.</p> <p>Rocks are composed of grains of minerals, and their reaction to an applied stress is related to the mechanical behavior of the minerals that compose the rock itself. The mechanical properties of a mineral depend mainly on the strength of the chemical bonds, the orientation of crystals, and the number of impurities in the crystal lattice.</p> <p>In this context, the integration of Ma_MISS measurements and drill telemetry are of great importance.  The mechanical properties of rocks coupled with their mineralogic composition provide a rich source of information to characterize the nature of rocks being explored by ExoMars rover’s drilling activity.</p> <p>Within our study, we are starting to collect telemetry recorded during the Drill unit tests on several samples ranging from sedimentary to volcanic rocks with varying degrees of weathering and water content.  In this first phase of the study, we focused our attention on the variation of torque and penetration speed between different samples, which have been found to be indicative of a particular type of rock or group of rocks and their water content.  </p> <p>We are planning to analyze the same rocks with the Ma_MISS breadboard creating the link between the mineralogy and the mechanical response of the Drill.      </p> <p>This will put the base for a more comprehensive and rich characterization of the <em>in situ</em> subsurface observation by Rosalind Franklin planned at Oxia Planum, Mars in 2023. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments: </strong>We thank the European Space Agency (ESA) for developing the ExoMars Project, ROSCOSMOS and Thales Alenia Space for rover development, and Italian Space Agency (ASI) for funding the Ma_MISS experiment (ASI-INAF contract n.2017-48-H.0 for ExoMars MA_MISS phase E/science).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>[1] Vago et al., 2017. Astrobiology, 17 6-7. [2] Ciarletti et al., 2017. Astrobiology, 17 6-7. [3] De Sanctis et al., 2017. Astrobiology, 17 6-7.</p>

Development of Methodology to Include Structural Contribution of Alternative Working Platforms in Pavement Structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 1936 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Burak F. Tanyu ◽  
Woon-Hyung Kim ◽  
Tuncer B. Edil ◽  
Craig H. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Design Guide ◽  
Structural Contribution ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Industrial Byproducts

A methodology was developed to incorporate the structural contribution of working platforms, including those constructed with industrial byproducts, into the design of flexible pavements. Structural contribution of the working platform was quantified with the 1993 AASHTO flexible pavement design guide in terms of a structural number or an effective roadbed modulus. Two methods are proposed. One method treats the working platform as a subbase layer and assigns a structural number to the working platform for use in computing the overall structural number of the pavement. The other method adjusts the effective roadbed modulus to account for the improvement in the roadbed provided by the working platform. Resilient modulus obtained from large-scale model experiments conducted on several working platform materials (e.g., breaker run stone, Grade 2 gravel, foundry slag, foundry sand, and bottom ash) was used in the analysis. Design charts show the structural number or the roadbed modulus as a function of type of material and thickness of the working platform.

scholarly journals An investigation into the controls on fracture tortuosity in rock sequences and the impact on fluid flow in the upper crust

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Forbes Inskip ◽  
Tomos Phillips ◽  
Kevin Bisdom ◽  
Georgy Borisochev ◽  
Andreas Busch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Fracture Orientation ◽  
The Impact

<p>Fractures are ubiquitous in geological sequences, and play an important role in the movement of fluids in the earth’s crust, particularly in fields such as hydrogeology, petroleum geology and volcanology. When predicting or analysing fluid flow, fractures are often simplified as a set of smooth parallel plates. In reality, they exhibit tortuosity on a number of scales: Fine-scale tortuosity, or roughness, is the product of the small-scale (µm – mm) irregularities in the fracture surface, whereas large-scale (> mm) tortuosity occurs as a result of anisotropy and heterogeneity within the host formation that leads to the formation of irregularities in the fracture surfaces. It is important to consider such tortuosity when analysing processes that rely on the movement (or hindrance) of fluids flowing through fractures in the subsurface. Such processes include fluid injection into granitic plutons for the extraction of heat in Engineered Geothermal Systems, or the injection of CO<sub>2</sub> into reservoirs overlain by fine-grained mudrocks acting as seals in Carbon Capture and Storage projects.</p><p>Although it is generally assumed that tortuosity is controlled by factors such as grain size, mineralogy and fracture mode, a systematic study of how these factors quantitatively affect tortuosity is currently lacking. Furthermore, in anisotropic rocks the fracture orientation with respect to any inherent anisotropy is also likely to affect tortuosity.</p><p>In order to address this gap, we have induced fractures in a selection of different rock types (mudrocks, sandstones and carbonates) using the Brazil disk method, and imaged the fracture surfaces using both a digital optical microscope and X-ray Computed Tomography. Using these methods we are able to characterise both the fine-scale (roughness) and large-scale tortuosity. In order to understand the effect of fracture orientation on tortuosity we have also analysed fractures induced at different angles to bedding in samples of a highly anisotropic mudrock taken from South Wales, UK. Results indicate that fine-scale tortuosity is highly dependent on the fracture orientation with regards to the bedding plane, with fractures normal to bedding being rougher than those induced parallel to bedding. Finally, in order to measure the effect of tortuosity on fluid flow, we have carried out a series of core flooding experiments on a subset of fractured samples showing that fracture transmissivity decreases with increasing tortuosity.</p>

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