Introduction: Into the Fourth Decade

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Decade

scholarly journals The fourth decade of life: the age for preventive strategies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cuschieri
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fourth Decade

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been on the health agenda for decades. As the 2020's decade sets in, most of the set health strategies and targets are ending while new goals are expected. Investigating a European country hub known for its high prevalence of NCDs provides evidence-based data that can be used for these new strategies. The aim was to explore potential NCDs trends and associations that could provide evidence for new preventive strategies and goals. Methods Data was obtained from a national representative cross-sectional study through a health examination survey (2014-6). The self-reported data and the results of the examination were used to diagnose participants with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, overweight and obesity. The study population was stratified by ten years and sex for both descriptive and analytic analyses. Results The male population was significantly more metabolically unhealthy that the female counterparts across all age groups (p = <0.01). The females had the highest newly diagnosed diabetes prevalence across all age groups. It was observed that type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension were present as of the 30-39 years group. Conversely, on binary multiple logistic regression analysis, this age group was negatively associated with NCDs even after adjusting for confounders (Diabetes OR:0.06 CI95%:0.02-0.21 p = <0.01; hypertension OR: 0.16 CI 95%: 0.05-0.55 p = <0.01; overweight OR: 0.21 CI 95%: 0.11 - 0.40 p = <0.01). Conclusions The fourth decade of life might be the starting point for metabolic dysregulation. Hence, subject to long-term health and economic burdens, with a potential extension of the metabolic impact on their offspring. Although further research is recommended, this study sets the ball rolling whether preventive action including screening for dysglycaemia and dyslipidaemia should be implemented at a population level from a young age. Key messages Preventive action should start from fourth decade of life. Targeting the fourth decade of life would also ensure a healthier new generation.

The Blalock-Taussig Shunt: An Analysis of Trends and Techniques in the Fourth Decade

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM L HOLMAN ◽  
WILLIAM C BUHRMAN ◽  
H. NEWLAND OLDHAM ◽  
DAVID C. SABISTON
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Blalock Taussig Shunt

Abstract 15129: Outcomes Related to Age of Elective Surgery and Age of Dissection Within Genetically Triggered Aneurysm Conditions: The Gentac Experience

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn W Holmes ◽  
Scott A Lemaire ◽  
Richard B Devereux ◽  
William J Ravekes ◽  
Shaine A Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Aortic Surgery ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Aortic Replacement ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Ascending Aortic Replacement ◽  
Aortic Dissections

Introduction: The GenTAC Registry ( G enetically Triggered T horacic A ortic Aneurysms and Cardiovascular C onditions) followed patients with aortopathies over 8 years among 8 centers with the goal of evaluating cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: Enrollment initiated in 2007, and data were collected until 2015. We included diagnoses with >100 participants: Bicuspid aortic valve with aneurysm (BAV, n=879), Marfan syndrome (MFS, n=861), Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection (FTAAD, n=378), Other thoracic aortic aneurysm at < 50 years of age (Other<50, n=524), Turner syndrome (TS, n=298), Vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome (VEDS, n=149), and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS, n=121). We identified patients who underwent elective ascending aortic replacement, total unique dissections, and time to first dissection. With MFS as a reference population and adjusted for sex, endpoints were analyzed by a Firth penalized Cox-PH regression model to account for diagnosis groups with low event numbers. Results: LDS participants at a mean age of (24.5 ± 15.0y) were youngest at elective aortic surgery followed by MFS (32.3 ±12.3y), TS (37.6 ±13.6y), VEDS (35.0 ±SD 7.4y), Other<50 (40.3 ±SD 10.3y), FTAAD (42.9 ±14.2y), and BAV(49.4 ± 13.8 y). Dissections were reported in all diagnosis groups with a total of 472 unique dissections in 3210 patients (14%). Mean age at first dissection was in the third decade for LDS, TS, MFS, VEDS and in the fourth decade for BAV, FTAD, and Other<50. Adjusted hazard ratio for time to first dissection was higher in LDS, 1.77 (95%CI 1.14- 2.77), compared to MFS and other diagnosis groups (Figure 1). Conclusions: Reported aortic dissections were prominent in the GenTAC cohort. Despite elective surgery at a younger age, LDS patients had a higher hazard risk of dissection compared to other diagnosis groups.

SUBUNGUAL GLOMUS TUMOUR: THE ENIGMATIC CAUSE OF CHRONIC PAINFUL FINGER PULP - A CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Mohit Naren Kondapalli ◽  
Kishore Babu EP ◽  
Affee Asma
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Glomus Tumour ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Venous Shunt ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Tissue Capsule ◽  
Dermis Layer ◽  
Glomus Body

Glomus tumour, also referred to as Barré–Masson syndrome is an enigmatic, rare, painful tumour that is that represents a proliferation of the normal capsular-neural glomus apparatus. These are rare hamartomas that arise from the traditional glomus apparatus, located in subcutaneous tissue These are benign soft tissue neoplasms presenting usually within the second to fourth decade of life, originating from the glomus body. It accounts for 1-5% of all upper limb soft tissue tumors . It's a component of the dermis layer of the [1] skin, involved in thermoregulation. It structurally consists of an arterio-venous shunt which is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and is found in increased amounts in the ngers and toes.

scholarly journals Chorea-Acanthocytosis: Report of a Family and Neuropathological Study of Two Cases

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Elisa Alonso ◽  
Fernanda Teixeira ◽  
Guillermo Jimenez ◽  
Alfonso Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Neurological Illness ◽  
Neurogenic Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Marked Atrophy

ABSTRACT:We report three siblings, offspring of normal consanguineous parents, with a progressive neurological illness that began in midlife and was characterized primarily by chorea and leading to death in the fourth decade. The proband had erythrocyte acanthocytosis with normal serum β-lipoprotein. Biopsy of left gastrocnemius muscle showed neurogenic muscular atrophy. There was a decrease in the numbers of large myelinated axons of the sural nerve. Postmortem examination of two cases showed marked atrophy, neuronal loss and gliosis of the caudate nucleus and putamen. Autosomal recessive inheritance is likely in this family.

scholarly journals Sexual dichotomy of gonadal function in Prader–Willi syndrome from early infancy through the fourth decade

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2587-2596 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Hirsch ◽  
T. Eldar-Geva ◽  
F. Bennaroch ◽  
Y. Pollak ◽  
V. Gross-Tsur
Keyword(s):  
Early Infancy ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Fourth Decade

scholarly journals Reversible Cerebrovascular Syndrome

2017 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saadatnia
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Main Symptom ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Peripartum Period

Reversible cerebrovascular syndrome (RCVS) is clinico-radiological syndrome defined as severe recurrent thunderclap headache with or without seizures or neurologic deficits and constriction of cerebral arteries which resolves spontaneously within 1-3 months. RCVS affects patients in various racial and ethnic groups and in all age groups, although most commonly in the fourth decade of life.  Headache is the main symptom. Headache is usually “thunderclap variety”, peaks within one minute and very intense. Many conditions and exposures have been linked to RCVS, including vasoactive drugs, metabolic disorder, vasculitis and the peripartum period. Associated strokes and cerebral hemorrhages are not uncommon. As complications we can see Localized cortical SAH (20-25%), Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (5-10%), posterior reversible encephalopathic syndrome ( PRES). Permanent sequelae of RCVS is usually benign entity. Prognosis is highly dependent on the occurrence of stroke (6-9%), otherwise, by definition, most resolve completely without any sequelae. Treatment is Symptomatic (pain, seizures, blood pressure control), trigger avoidance should be done (either activity or vasoactive substances), calcium channel blockers, IV magnesium and Short-course of steroids may be effective.  

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of COVID-19 in Brazil and Worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla De Freitas ◽  
Gabriela Calanca ◽  
Elias Jirjoss Ilias ◽  
Arthur Sousa Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health It ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus or SARSCoV-2, has a high capacity for dissemination, which brings about an emergency scenario in public health. It manifests itself in a multifaceted manner, with a great variability in the profile of the affected population, which may be associated with biological, social and economic factors. Objective: To know the epidemiological profile of the population affected by COVID-19, in order to promote better assistance.   Methods: This is a literature review, starting in 2020, using the SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, DATASUS databases and the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).   Results: Studies show a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in men, in the age group after the fourth decade of life and among whites.   Discussion: The first studies showed a prevalence of coronavirus infection in males. One of the hypotheses drawn was that men present more cardiopulmonary diseases and smoke more. Another study shows that women's lower susceptibility to infection is due to the X chromosome and sex hormones, which are essential for the innate and adaptive immune response. As for the age group, most studies show a higher prevalence after the fourth decade of life, due to increased expression of angiotensin 2 receptors (ACE2), hormonal changes in aging and associated comorbidities.   Conclusion: Studies show with greater assertiveness a predominance of involvement by COVID-19 in males, individuals from the fourth decade of life and in whites. However, it is important to investigate the epidemiological profile in order to offer better assistance and prevention.

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