scholarly journals Analysis of the effect of impermeability of urban soils on the infiltration of rainwater in the city of Recife, PE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda ◽  
Willames De Albuquerque Soares
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Permeable Soil ◽  
The City ◽  
High Infiltration

The process of urbanization interferes in the elements of the hydrological cycle, altering the infiltration, flow, and evaporation of rainwater. Several methods and tests exist for analyzing this hydrological cycle that aim to hydrodynamically characterize the soil of a locality. However, the collection and field trials can be expensive and time consuming. Because of these high costs, it is important to look for methods that save time and money. One such method is to perform simulations of water flow in the soil, using computational models such as Hydrus 1-D, in order to explain the water balance of a region. The results of these simulations showed that 355.18 mm.m-2 of the total 385.02 mm.m-2 of precipitation was able to infiltrate, indicating that the soil of the region has a high infiltration capacity, due to its high sand content. However, of the 228,000 m2 studied, only 38,760 m2 are unpaved soil. This shows that the soil at the location studied would be able to infiltrate most rainwater without the occurrence of flooding, if more than only 17% of the land area were permeable soil. This conclusion can be extrapolated to other areas surrounding this neighborhood and to other large urban centers, which have similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Interação Solo-Atmosfera e Processos de Inundação e Alagamento na Cidade de Goiânia-GO

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cristine Luiz ◽  
Patrícia De Araújo Romão
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
The City

Os processos do ciclo hidrológico respondem diretamente às modificações no uso do solo. A cidade de Goiânia tem apresentado aumento de inundações e de alagamentos, ao mesmo tempo em que o padrão das chuvas demostra diminuição dos dias com eventos pluviométricos e aumento da intensidade desses episódios. A pesquisa que ora se apresenta analisa as áreas sujeitas à inundação e alagamentos, correlacionando-as com o padrão dos episódios pluviais na cidade e às condições de infiltração do solo. Foram utilizados dados secundários obtidos junto ao 10º DISME/INMET, relativos à precipitação e, também informações de ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações concedidas pela Defesa Civil. As informações primárias consistiram na obtenção da duração e intensidade da chuva em cinco diferentes localidades da cidade; uso e ocupação do solo e; testes da capacidade de infiltração do solo de superfície, em 10 áreas distintas. Os episódios pluviais apresentaram em 24h intensidades entre 8,3 mm e 99,1 mm; intensidades em 10 minutos de 10,9 mm, 13,9 mm e 19,6 mm durante o período noturno e na madrugada; destaque para as intensidades entre 31,6 mm.h-1 e 76,6 mm.h-1, principalmente nas porções sul, norte e leste da cidade, também no período noturno. A capacidade de infiltração mensurada variou entre 0,012 mm/h e 373,25 mm/h, conforme uso e ocupação do solo.  As intensidades observadas superaram capacidade de infiltração, aumentando o escoamento superficial das águas pluviais por causa do alto índice de impermeabilização. Tal fato, associado a condições naturais de baixas declividades e extensos comprimento das rampas, de grande parte de Goiânia, tem favorecido o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial e a ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações. Soil-Atmosphere Interaction and Flooding Processes in Goiania-GO City A B S T R A C TThe processes of the hydrological cycle respond directly to changes in land use. The city of Goiânia presented an increase of flooding processes, while the pattern of rains shows a decrease of the days with pluviometric events and increase of the intensity of these episodes. The research presented here analyzes the areas subject to floods and overflow, correlating them with the pluviometric pattern in the city and soil infiltration capacity. Secondary data obtained from the 10ºDISME/INMET on precipitation were used, as well as information on the occurrence of flooding processes granted by the Civil Defense. The primary information consisted in obtaining the duration and the intensity of the rain in five different localities of the city; use and occupation; and water infiltration measures at the soil surface in 10 different areas. The precipitation episodes presented intensities of 24 hours between 8.3 mm and 99.1 mm; intensities in 10 minutes of 10.9 mm, 13.9 mm and 19.6 mm during the night period and dawn; The intensities between 31.6 mm.h-1 and 76.6 mm.h-1 are prominent, mainly in the south, north and east of the city. The measured infiltration capacity varied from 0.012 mm /h to 373.25 mm /h, depending on the use and occupation of the soil. The observed intensities exceed the capacity, increasing the surface runoff of the rainwater due to the high waterproofing index; the low slopes and the long length of the ramps. This fact favored the increase of the velocity of the upstream and downstream surface runoff, potentiating the occurrence of flooding processes.Keywords: Climatology, Precipitation, Flood, Natural Disasters, Social Security.

scholarly journals ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL DO DESEMPENHO DE PAVIMENTOS PERMEÁVEIS COMO ALTERNATIVA DE REDUÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL EM ÁREAS URBANAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-313
Author(s):  
Enicléia Nunes de Sousa Barros ◽  
Saymon Martin Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

RESUMO:  O processo de urbanização das cidades sem o adequado planejamento de uso do solo provoca uma crescente impermeabilização deste, levando a constantes cheias nos centros urbanos. Entende-se que os sistemas tradicionais de drenagem resolvem apenas parte do problema, pois não agem nas causas mas somente nos efeitos. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do pavimento permeável em relação à capacidade de infiltração das águas pluviais, visando à redução do escoamento superficial em áreas urbanas; para isso foi realizada a simulação chuvas para obter o escoamento por meio da equação de precipitação de Palmas-TO, onde foi possível aferir parâmetros de infiltração e escoamento; também foram produzidos e ensaiados blocos em concreto poroso para avaliar sua capacidade de infiltração. Na simulação efetuada sobre o pavimento permeável em blocos intertravados observou-se que ocorreu uma absorção da precipitação nos 9 minutos iniciais; já na simulação realizada sobre os blocos vazados percebeu-se que neste praticamente não ocorreu escoamento superficial. Os blocos em concreto poroso demonstraram uma ótima capacidade de infiltração, conseguindo comportar em seu interior 7,2 litros, o que significa uma infiltração instantânea de 7,2mm de chuva. ABSTRACT: The process of urbanization of cities without the adequate planning of land use causes a growing waterproofing of this, leading to constant floods in urban centers. It is understood that traditional drainage systems solve only part of the problem, as they do not act on causes but only on the effects. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the performance of the permeable pavement in relation to the infiltration capacity of rainwater, aiming at reducing surface runoff in urban areas; for this, the simulation was performed rains to obtain the flow through the Palmas-TO precipitation equation, where it was possible to measure infiltration and flow parameters; blocks were also produced and tested in porous concrete to assess their ability to infiltrate. In the simulation carried out on the permeable pavement in interlocked blocks it was observed that precipitation was absorbed in the initial 9 minutes; already in the simulation carried out on the leaked blocks it was noticed that in this practically no surface runoff occurred. The porous concrete blocks demonstrated an excellent infiltration capacity, managing to accommodate 7.2 liters inside, which means an instant infiltration of 7.2mm of rain.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Behavior of Abstractions in Two Urban Micro-Basins of the City of Cuenca (Ecuador), through an Aggregate Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3209
Author(s):  
Ricardo Rubio-Ramírez ◽  
Rubén Jerves-Cobo ◽  
Diego Mora-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Aggregate Model ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The City

Several cities in developing countries are challenging the permanent process of urbanization. This generates a great disturbance on the hydrological response of the urbanized area during rainfall events, which can cause floods. Among the disturbances that urbanized basins may suffer, it is found that variations in rain losses (hydrological abstractions) can be estimated by the named volumetric runoff coefficient (CVOL) methodology. In the present study, this methodology is used in an attempt to estimate the hydrological abstraction of two nearby urbanized basins, with different degrees of impermeability, located in the city of Cuenca in Ecuador. The data for that analysis were collected between April and May of 2017. The results obtained indicate that the micro-basin with the largest impervious area presents the higher initial hydrological losses, the higher rate of decrease in abstractions, and the higher stormwater runoff flows per unit area. In addition, the abstractions found in the two urban micro-basins show great sensitivity to the maximum rainfall intensity and do not relate to the antecedent soil moisture. These results demonstrate the importance of having higher pervious surfaces in urbanized areas because they lead to reduce negative impacts associated with increased stormwater runoff on impervious surfaces.

scholarly journals Out of the loop? On the radical and the routine in urban big data

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110140
Author(s):  
Sarah Barns
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Urban Behaviour ◽  
The City

This commentary interrogates what it means for routine urban behaviours to now be replicating themselves computationally. The emergence of autonomous or artificial intelligence points to the powerful role of big data in the city, as increasingly powerful computational models are now capable of replicating and reproducing existing spatial patterns and activities. I discuss these emergent urban systems of learned or trained intelligence as being at once radical and routine. Just as the material and behavioural conditions that give rise to urban big data demand attention, so do the generative design principles of data-driven models of urban behaviour, as they are increasingly put to use in the production of replicable, autonomous urban futures.

scholarly journals Parking Places to Moped-Style Scooter Sharing Services Using GIS Location-Allocation Models and GPS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Onel Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Palomares
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The City

Moped-style scooters are one of the most popular systems of micro-mobility. They are undoubtedly good for the city, as they promote forms of environmentally-friendly mobility, in which flexibility helps prevent traffic build-up in the urban centers where they operate. However, their increasing numbers are also generating conflicts as a result of the bad behavior of users, their unwarranted use in public spaces, and above all their parking. This paper proposes a methodology for finding parking spaces for shared motorcycle services using Geographic information system (GIS) location-allocation models and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We used the center of Madrid and data from the company Muving (one of the city’s main operators) for our case study. As well as finding the location of parking spaces for motorbikes, our analysis examines how the varying distribution of demand over the course of the day affects the demand allocated to parking spaces. The results demonstrate how reserving a relatively small number of parking spaces for scooters makes it possible to capture over 70% of journeys in the catchment area. The daily variations in the distribution of demand slightly reduce the efficiency of the network of parking spaces in the morning and increase it at night, when demand is strongly focused on the most central areas.

scholarly journals Morphometric and hydrographie characteristics of torrents of NW Péloponnèse, Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
M. Pagonas ◽  
N. Kontopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Main Direction ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Fault Systems ◽  
Stream Frequency ◽  
Tectonic Features ◽  
High Infiltration

The study area includes the catchments of Selemnos, Xylokeras and Volinaios torrents, with 456 streams of 277.848 km total length. The pattern is generally dendritic. A quantitative analysis of the drainage systems of the study area was interpreted and then correlated to the fault systems that appear in the area. The main direction of the streams and the tectonic features is WSW-ENE. The drainage density and stream frequency is highly variable as a result of many factors, most important of which is lithology with high infiltration capacity. The number and the length of most streams show divergence of the 1st and 2nd law of Horton since they have dissimilar values from those theoretically expected.

scholarly journals The Rise of Urban Centers in the Golden Horde and the City of Ükek

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-40
Author(s):  
Uli Schamiloglu ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Centers ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Paradigm Shift of New Building in Old Urban Districts: Case Study of Bangkok Chinatown Workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 05059
Author(s):  
Xian Li ◽  
Eakachat Joneurairatana ◽  
Veerawat Sirivesmas
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Era ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Combination Mode ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

Architects and designers realize that new buildings cannot completely replace old buildings in the process of urbanization in the world. To establish a method of the new building and the old building coexist and to create the new paradigm of the new building construction in the old district is the responsibility faced by the contemporary architects. This paper first analyzes the old building renovation projects in Berlin and Paris in the 1980s and puts forward the symbiotic relationship between the old and the new buildings in the new era, thus obtaining the research objectives, trying to redefine new buildings and old districts, and creating the new paradigm of contemporary building construction in old districts. Using workshop as an exploration method, this paper conducts data research and sampling analyses on the Chinatown area in Bangkok, and explores the combination mode and paradigm transformation of new buildings and old districts in the city, aiming to seek solutions utilizing art exploration.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-412
Author(s):  
Wellington Marçal de Carvalho ◽  
Edson De Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha ◽  
Alan Kenio dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Tiago Vinicius Batista do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Main River ◽  
Equilibrium Relationships ◽  
The City

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG  Wellington Marçal de Carvalho; Edson de Oliveira Vieira; Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha; Alan Kênio dos Santos Pereira; Tiago Vinícius Batista do CarmoInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG  [email protected]  1 RESUMO A Lei Federal 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997, instituiu a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e estabeleceu o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos e, ao definir princípios básicos para uma gestão eficaz das águas, no Brasil, adotou a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento de políticas públicas, a fim de garantir o direito ao acesso à água de boa qualidade para as atividades produtivas, bem como, para sua utilização pelas gerações futuras. Sabe-se que uma bacia hidrográfica é um sistema complexo e sofre influência de fatores internos e externos, que podem comprometer as diversas relações de equilíbrio do mesmo, e, possivelmente, culminar em sua degradação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a fisiografia da bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Malheiro, no município de Sabará – MG. Para compreender os processos biológicos, físicos e químicos que interferem no ciclo hidrológico dessa unidade geográfica foram estudados os parâmetros fisiográficos: área de drenagem, perímetro, comprimento do leito principal, rede de drenagem, densidade de drenagem, forma da bacia hidrográfica, número de ordem, declividade equivalente, tempo de concentração, extensão do percurso principal e amplitude altimétrica. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de medidas efetivas de recuperação e preservação da cobertura vegetal, além de investimentos em educação ambiental para a população. UNITERMOS: Bacia de drenagem. Morfometria. Malheiro, córrego do – Sabará/MG.  CARVALHO, W. M. de; VIEIRA, E. de O.; ROCHA, J. M. J.; PEREIRA, A. K. dos S.; CARMO, T. V. B. do. physiographic characterization of Malheiro stream watershed in the city of Sabará– MG, brazil  2 ABSTRACT The Brazilian Federal Law 9433, from January 8th, 1997, regulated  the National Policy for Water Resources and established the National System for Water Resources Management, and, by defining basic principles for an efficient water management in Brazil, it adopted the watershed as a planning unit for public policy, in order to guarantee the rights to access good quality water for productive activities, and also for the future generations’ use. It is known that a watershed is a complex system that is influenced by internal and external factors that may compromise its several equilibrium relationships, and, possibly, result in its degradation. The goal of the present work was to characterize the physiography of  the Malheiro stream watershed, located in the city of Sabará, MG. In order to understand the biological, physical and chemical processes that interfere in the hydrological cycle of the geographic unit, the following physiographic parameters were studied: drainage area, perimeter, main river bed length, drainage network, drainage density, hydrographic basin shape, order number, equivalent declivity, concentration time, main course extension, and altimetric amplitude. The results demonstrated the necessity for effective measure recovery and preservation of the vegetation cover, and also investments on environmental education for thepopulation.            KEYWORDS: Draining bank river. Morphometry. Malheiro stream watershed - Sabará/MG.

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