scholarly journals Interação Solo-Atmosfera e Processos de Inundação e Alagamento na Cidade de Goiânia-GO

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cristine Luiz ◽  
Patrícia De Araújo Romão

Os processos do ciclo hidrológico respondem diretamente às modificações no uso do solo. A cidade de Goiânia tem apresentado aumento de inundações e de alagamentos, ao mesmo tempo em que o padrão das chuvas demostra diminuição dos dias com eventos pluviométricos e aumento da intensidade desses episódios. A pesquisa que ora se apresenta analisa as áreas sujeitas à inundação e alagamentos, correlacionando-as com o padrão dos episódios pluviais na cidade e às condições de infiltração do solo. Foram utilizados dados secundários obtidos junto ao 10º DISME/INMET, relativos à precipitação e, também informações de ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações concedidas pela Defesa Civil. As informações primárias consistiram na obtenção da duração e intensidade da chuva em cinco diferentes localidades da cidade; uso e ocupação do solo e; testes da capacidade de infiltração do solo de superfície, em 10 áreas distintas. Os episódios pluviais apresentaram em 24h intensidades entre 8,3 mm e 99,1 mm; intensidades em 10 minutos de 10,9 mm, 13,9 mm e 19,6 mm durante o período noturno e na madrugada; destaque para as intensidades entre 31,6 mm.h-1 e 76,6 mm.h-1, principalmente nas porções sul, norte e leste da cidade, também no período noturno. A capacidade de infiltração mensurada variou entre 0,012 mm/h e 373,25 mm/h, conforme uso e ocupação do solo.  As intensidades observadas superaram capacidade de infiltração, aumentando o escoamento superficial das águas pluviais por causa do alto índice de impermeabilização. Tal fato, associado a condições naturais de baixas declividades e extensos comprimento das rampas, de grande parte de Goiânia, tem favorecido o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial e a ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações. Soil-Atmosphere Interaction and Flooding Processes in Goiania-GO City A B S T R A C TThe processes of the hydrological cycle respond directly to changes in land use. The city of Goiânia presented an increase of flooding processes, while the pattern of rains shows a decrease of the days with pluviometric events and increase of the intensity of these episodes. The research presented here analyzes the areas subject to floods and overflow, correlating them with the pluviometric pattern in the city and soil infiltration capacity. Secondary data obtained from the 10ºDISME/INMET on precipitation were used, as well as information on the occurrence of flooding processes granted by the Civil Defense. The primary information consisted in obtaining the duration and the intensity of the rain in five different localities of the city; use and occupation; and water infiltration measures at the soil surface in 10 different areas. The precipitation episodes presented intensities of 24 hours between 8.3 mm and 99.1 mm; intensities in 10 minutes of 10.9 mm, 13.9 mm and 19.6 mm during the night period and dawn; The intensities between 31.6 mm.h-1 and 76.6 mm.h-1 are prominent, mainly in the south, north and east of the city. The measured infiltration capacity varied from 0.012 mm /h to 373.25 mm /h, depending on the use and occupation of the soil. The observed intensities exceed the capacity, increasing the surface runoff of the rainwater due to the high waterproofing index; the low slopes and the long length of the ramps. This fact favored the increase of the velocity of the upstream and downstream surface runoff, potentiating the occurrence of flooding processes.Keywords: Climatology, Precipitation, Flood, Natural Disasters, Social Security.

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Dina Ananda Harfia ◽  
Sugeng Prijono

The uneven distribution and intensity of rain cause a shortage and excess of water in dry land farming. It appears that the problem of soil conservation in principle is the regulation of the relationship between rainfall intensity, infiltration capacity, and runoff adjustment. To improve the physical properties of the soil, and the hydrological function of the land use it cannot only be stressed on the coffee plant. Other factors such as soil surface management, such as providing organic matter, covering the soil surface with understory plants, making absorption holes, terraces, waterways and so on, can improve the hydrological function of the land. Rainwater management can be carried out through controlling surface runoff, harvesting rainwater, increasing soil infiltration capacity, managing soil, controlling evaporation and seepage, lining waterways. The use of silt pit parallel is considered quite effective because it is able to produce the lowest surface runoff and sufficient water storage. Silt pit parallel can produce 0.6% of rainfall into surface runoff and also can store water as much as 62.35% of the rainfall that enters the plot. The functions of a silt pit are to increase water infiltration into the soil. On dry land, silt pit functions as a place for harvesting rainwater and surface runoff. Based on the correlation regression test, the amount of surface runoff is closely influenced by the intensity of rain or rainfall.


2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Rusli HAR ◽  
Aprisal ◽  
Werry Darta Taifur ◽  
Teguh Haria Aditia Putra

Changes in land use in the Air Dingin watershed (DAS) area in Padang City, Indonesia, lead to a decrease in rainwater infiltration volume to the ground. Some land use in the Latung sub-watershed decrease in infiltration capacity with an increase in surface runoff. This research aims to determine the effect of land-use changes on infiltration capacity and surface runoff. Purposive sampling method was used in this research. The infiltration capacity was measured directly in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer, and the data was processed using the Horton model. The obtained capacity was quantitatively classified using infiltration zoning. Meanwhile, the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrology Modeling System with the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph- Soil Conservation Service -Curve Number method was used to analyze the runoff discharge. The results showed that from the 13 measurement points carried out, the infiltration capacity ranges from 0.082 - 0.70 cm/minute or an average of 0.398 cm/minute, while the rainwater volume is approximately 150,000 m3/hour/km2. Therefore, the soil infiltration capacity in the Latung sub-watershed is in zone VI-B or very low. This condition had an impact on changes in runoff discharge in this area, from 87.84 m3/second in 2010 to 112.8 m3/second in 2020 or a nail of 22.13%. Based on the results, it is concluded that changes in the land led to low soil infiltration capacity, thereby leading to an increase in surface runoff.


Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda ◽  
Willames De Albuquerque Soares

The process of urbanization interferes in the elements of the hydrological cycle, altering the infiltration, flow, and evaporation of rainwater. Several methods and tests exist for analyzing this hydrological cycle that aim to hydrodynamically characterize the soil of a locality. However, the collection and field trials can be expensive and time consuming. Because of these high costs, it is important to look for methods that save time and money. One such method is to perform simulations of water flow in the soil, using computational models such as Hydrus 1-D, in order to explain the water balance of a region. The results of these simulations showed that 355.18 mm.m-2 of the total 385.02 mm.m-2 of precipitation was able to infiltrate, indicating that the soil of the region has a high infiltration capacity, due to its high sand content. However, of the 228,000 m2 studied, only 38,760 m2 are unpaved soil. This shows that the soil at the location studied would be able to infiltrate most rainwater without the occurrence of flooding, if more than only 17% of the land area were permeable soil. This conclusion can be extrapolated to other areas surrounding this neighborhood and to other large urban centers, which have similar characteristics.


Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Matthew C. LaFevor ◽  
Carlos E. Ramos-Scharrón

Concerns over freshwater scarcity for agriculture, ecosystems, and human consumption are driving the construction of infiltration trenches in many mountain protected areas. This study examines the effectiveness of infiltration trenches in a subalpine forested catchment in central Mexico, where public and private organizations have been constructing trenches for ~60 years. We rely on empirical data to develop rainfall-runoff models for two scenarios: a baseline (no trenches) and a trenched scenario. Field measurements of infiltration capacities in forested and trenched soils (n = 56) and two years of meteorological data are integrated into a semi-distributed runoff model of 28 trenched sub-catchments. Sensitivity analysis and hydrographs are used to evaluate differences in total runoff and infiltration between the two scenarios. Multiple logistic regression is used to evaluate the effects of environmental and management variables on the likelihood of runoff response and trench overtopping. The findings show that soil infiltration capacity and rainfall intensity are primary drivers of runoff and trench overtopping. However, trenches provided only a 1.2% increase in total infiltration over the two-year period. This marginal benefit is discussed in relation to the potential adverse environmental impacts of trench construction. Overall, our study finds that as a means of runoff harvesting in these forested catchments, trenches provide negligible infiltration benefits. As a result, this study cautions against further construction of infiltration trenches in forested catchments without careful ex ante assessment of rainfall-runoff relationships. The results of this study have important implications for forest water management in Mexico and elsewhere, where similar earthworks are employed to enhance runoff harvesting and surface water infiltration.


Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bombino ◽  
Pietro Denisi ◽  
Josè Gómez ◽  
Demetrio Zema

When olive groves are cultivated on clayey soils with steep gradients, as in many Mediterranean areas, reducing the runoff and soil erosion rates by adopting proper soil management practices is imperative. A soil cover by pruning residues may represent an alternative to the commonly adopted mechanical tillage. This study evaluates the water infiltration rates and surface runoff volumes in a steep and clayey olive grove of Southern Italy. These hydrological variables are measured at the plot scale under four soil management practices (mechanical tillage, total artificial protection of soil and soil cover with two different rates of vegetal residues). The measurements have been carried out using a rainfall simulator under dry (undisturbed) and wet (that is, on soils disturbed by intense rainfall) conditions. The mechanical tillage leads to lower water infiltration rates and higher runoff production. The retention of a soil cover by vegetal residues (in the range 3.5–17.5 tons/ha of dry matter) reduces the runoff rate on average by 30%, mainly because of the increased soil infiltration rates (over 100%, compared to mechanical tillage). After soil disturbance due to antecedent rainfall, the runoff generation capacity of a soil disturbed by a heavy precipitation significantly increased compared to undisturbed soils because of the decrease in soil infiltration rates. Overall, the retention of vegetal residues over the soil may be advisable to reduce surface runoff generation rates, particularly for saturated soils.


2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Fang Cui ◽  
Ying Hua Pan ◽  
Quan Yuan Wu ◽  
Zhen Hua Zhang ◽  
Bao Xiang Zhang

The use of thin plastic film to cover slope surfaces can lead to slope runoff and soil erosion in Loess hilly areas in northwest China. Three main factors (slope, rainfall intensity, and coverage ratio) were selected to analyze variations in runoff dynamics for a Lou soil surface and to obtain a theoretical foundation for practical application. The results indicate that for a fixed rainfall intensity and coverage ratio, a critical slope gradient close to 26.8% was observed. For a fixed coverage ratio and slope gradient, the cumulative runoff volume increased with the rainfall intensity. Overland flow varied with the coverage ratio and this can be attributed to increases in the cumulative runoff volume and runoff velocity with increasing coverage ratio. The experimental results show that for double-ridge cultivation with film mulching, the best coverage ratio is 50:150. This ratio not only reduces moisture evaporation and promotes soil conservation, but also effectively improves rainwater utilization and reduces soil erosion. In addition, for slope gradients exceeding 26.8%, runoff decreases and the soil infiltration capacity increases, so a slope gradient of 26.836.4% is optimal for the local cultivation model.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Enni Dwi Wahjunie ◽  
Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro ◽  
Suria Darma Tarigan

The main cause of flooding and erosion that creates critical land in various regions in Indonesia is surface runoff. The surface runoff will occur if rainfall exceeds the capacity of soil water absorption (infiltration capacity). The soil management of each land use could improve the infiltration capacity. The water movement both on the surface and in the soil determines the water infiltration. This study predicts surface runoff based on the infiltration rate of various land uses and rainfall in the Ciliwung Watershed. A series of studies were performed in the upstream and middle areas of the watershed. Observations of soil properties, water movement, and rainfall were carried out in various dry land uses. The results showed that the soil's physical properties mostly determine the constant infiltration rate, which affected the water movement in the ground. The initial water content, the degree of saturation of the initial moisture content, and the soil's physical properties determine the time of constant infiltration rate. The value of constant rate infiltration and the time of its achievement define the amount of surface runoff that occurs. Keywords: hydraulic conductivity, run off, soil management, time achievement of infiltration capacity


Author(s):  
Carolina Pasquetti Koppe ◽  
Vinícius Scortegagna ◽  
Virgínia Meneguzzi ◽  
Anelise Sertoli Lopes Gil ◽  
Matheus De Conto Ferreira ◽  
...  

With the emergence of excessive flooding in the urban environment, the need for unconventional drainage control measures within the limitations of conventional solutions becomes evident. In the present study, infiltration trenches and reservoirs that collect and reserve rainwater were designed as control devices, attenuating the socio-environmental impacts caused by waterproofing of urban areas in the hydrological cycle and in the behavior of the hydrographic basins in question. The measurements were made for two flooding points found in the city of Carazinho – RS, located on Marquês do Pombal Street and São Bento Avenue, due to the obstruction of gutters and street inlets, paving and waterproofing of the ground due to urbanization, lack of maintenance and cleaning of the micro drainage system along with the inability of the system to collect all the volume of water from the runoff. The reductions in flow rate in these areas through the use of trenches were 16% and 15% for the first and second flooding point, respectively, while the use of the delay reservoirs together with the infiltration trenches resulted in a 29% reduction in the first flooding point and 27.5% in the second flooding point. Therefore, it is evident that the use of unconventional control measures is vital to the reduction of the peaks of the flow rate and control of the surface runoff.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 (1000) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pamudji Rahardjo

 Infiltration which occurs on slope has a specific behavior that can be parameterized. One of the reasons is because the slope generates less ponding on the sloping soil surface. This condition affects infiltration rate and surface runoff proportion of water from any kind of rainfall distribution in time. Since surface runoff tends to be higher, erosion rate is also to be higher on slope. The slope steepness is the most important parameter of a slope. In this study, the effect of slope steepness on infiltration capacity and erosion rate of Mount Merapi bare slope material were tested in a laboratory using rainfall simulator. Three values of slope steepness of 36%, 47%, and 58% were used. The rainfall intensity was set constant and was found has rate of 116,312 mm/hour. The infiltration rate was measured by volumetric balance principle and the erosion rates were measured by collecting the eroded grains at the downstream end tank. Infiltration rate was evaluated by using Horton method and the average erosion were analyzed from the eroded grain data for each test. After fitting the recorded infiltration rate data to the Horton equation, the infiltration capacity was obtained. The results were the relationship between slope steepness and the affected the infiltration capacity and erosion for each test. Infiltration capacity is found to increase and the decrease with the increase of slope steepness while erosion rate is found to increase on the steeper slope. The increase of erosion range is between 15% to 33% for each 1o increase of slope steepness. In addition, polynomial and exponential equations were developed to express the relationship between slope steepness and infiltration capacity and also the erosion rate.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Felipe Pereira de Lima ◽  
Frederico Piontkowski de Souza Almeida ◽  
Sérgio Fernandes Mendonça Filho ◽  
Johnny Rodrigues de Melo Murta ◽  
Gleicon Queiroz de Brito ◽  
...  

The Brazilian savanna, regionally known as Cerrado is an important water source due to its spatial position in the highlands known as Planalto Central of Brazil. Yet, the hydrological functioning of such complex ecosystems and its many variations is poorly understood. In this paper, we characterized the soil surface permeability to water under in one of the most common vegetation types: the Cerrado típico which is a type of savanna. In doing so, we measured infiltration capacity using the Mini-Disk infiltrometer (n = 15) and soil resistance to penetration using the Stolf penetrometer (n = 7) in a Latossolo (oxisol) under Cerrado típico located in Brasília (Planaltina), Distrito Federal, Brazil. Our  results indicated a high infiltration capacity under Cerrado típico which is potentially associated with a low penetration resistance. This fact might highlight the importance of the natural undisturbed ecosystems, in this case Cerrado típico, as a land-cover which favors hydrological processes which, in turn, promotes soil-groundwater recharge that are inportant to maintain water bodies and reservoirs in the region.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document