scholarly journals ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL DO DESEMPENHO DE PAVIMENTOS PERMEÁVEIS COMO ALTERNATIVA DE REDUÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL EM ÁREAS URBANAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-313
Author(s):  
Enicléia Nunes de Sousa Barros ◽  
Saymon Martin Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

RESUMO:  O processo de urbanização das cidades sem o adequado planejamento de uso do solo provoca uma crescente impermeabilização deste, levando a constantes cheias nos centros urbanos. Entende-se que os sistemas tradicionais de drenagem resolvem apenas parte do problema, pois não agem nas causas mas somente nos efeitos. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do pavimento permeável em relação à capacidade de infiltração das águas pluviais, visando à redução do escoamento superficial em áreas urbanas; para isso foi realizada a simulação chuvas para obter o escoamento por meio da equação de precipitação de Palmas-TO, onde foi possível aferir parâmetros de infiltração e escoamento; também foram produzidos e ensaiados blocos em concreto poroso para avaliar sua capacidade de infiltração. Na simulação efetuada sobre o pavimento permeável em blocos intertravados observou-se que ocorreu uma absorção da precipitação nos 9 minutos iniciais; já na simulação realizada sobre os blocos vazados percebeu-se que neste praticamente não ocorreu escoamento superficial. Os blocos em concreto poroso demonstraram uma ótima capacidade de infiltração, conseguindo comportar em seu interior 7,2 litros, o que significa uma infiltração instantânea de 7,2mm de chuva. ABSTRACT: The process of urbanization of cities without the adequate planning of land use causes a growing waterproofing of this, leading to constant floods in urban centers. It is understood that traditional drainage systems solve only part of the problem, as they do not act on causes but only on the effects. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the performance of the permeable pavement in relation to the infiltration capacity of rainwater, aiming at reducing surface runoff in urban areas; for this, the simulation was performed rains to obtain the flow through the Palmas-TO precipitation equation, where it was possible to measure infiltration and flow parameters; blocks were also produced and tested in porous concrete to assess their ability to infiltrate. In the simulation carried out on the permeable pavement in interlocked blocks it was observed that precipitation was absorbed in the initial 9 minutes; already in the simulation carried out on the leaked blocks it was noticed that in this practically no surface runoff occurred. The porous concrete blocks demonstrated an excellent infiltration capacity, managing to accommodate 7.2 liters inside, which means an instant infiltration of 7.2mm of rain.

INFILTRATION STRUCTURES IN TOKYO

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Housing Complex

Infiltration of stonnwater is now being adopted extensively in various locations throughout Tokyo. The main objectives of infiltration in urban areas are runoff control and groundwater enrichment. The techniques for planning. designing. construction. and maintenance were established, and then the effects of infiltration were proved. This paper will introduce some examples of infiltration structures in Tokyo. All footpath pavements in Tokyo have been changed to permeable pavement. Some of the porous concrete blocks now are made from incinerated sewage sludge or slag of melted sewage sludge. Residents cooperate to construct soakaways in their own housing areas at their own expense. The infiltration trench is so effective that it is used in various locations such as housing sites, housing complexes, streets, school grounds, public gardens. The storage tank can be constructed in a housing complex, thus stored stonnwater can be effectively used for toilets, sprinkling, car wash, and for a recreational pond. The reduction of stonnwater runoff by infiltration facilities is also greatly effective in preventing contamination of receiving waters.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effect of impermeability of urban soils on the infiltration of rainwater in the city of Recife, PE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda ◽  
Willames De Albuquerque Soares
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Permeable Soil ◽  
The City ◽  
High Infiltration

The process of urbanization interferes in the elements of the hydrological cycle, altering the infiltration, flow, and evaporation of rainwater. Several methods and tests exist for analyzing this hydrological cycle that aim to hydrodynamically characterize the soil of a locality. However, the collection and field trials can be expensive and time consuming. Because of these high costs, it is important to look for methods that save time and money. One such method is to perform simulations of water flow in the soil, using computational models such as Hydrus 1-D, in order to explain the water balance of a region. The results of these simulations showed that 355.18 mm.m-2 of the total 385.02 mm.m-2 of precipitation was able to infiltrate, indicating that the soil of the region has a high infiltration capacity, due to its high sand content. However, of the 228,000 m2 studied, only 38,760 m2 are unpaved soil. This shows that the soil at the location studied would be able to infiltrate most rainwater without the occurrence of flooding, if more than only 17% of the land area were permeable soil. This conclusion can be extrapolated to other areas surrounding this neighborhood and to other large urban centers, which have similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Impact of pervious pavement in urban areas on catchment basin recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Cristiano De Assumpção Santos ◽  
Elisandro Pires Frigo ◽  
Késia Damaris de Azevedo Frigo ◽  
Caroline Thaís Eckert ◽  
Jonathan Dieter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Soil Sealing

Urbanization and disorderly occupation of urban areas have created several environmental problems, such as floods. Among the main causes of these problems is soil sealing associated with urban sprawl. Impervious surfaces provide less precipitation to recharge catchment basins by diverting water that should be restored in that region to other basins. This study compares two existing paving systems: concrete pavers with permeable joints and porous concrete pavers. Our objective was to learn which system better promotes the recovery of catchment basins and, consequently, mitigate problems caused by increasing surface runoff in urban areas. In order to reach the results, precipitations were simulated using lysimeters and a rainfall simulation infiltrometer at rainfall rates of 45, 60, and 90 mm h-1. The analyzed paving systems represented characteristics of public sidewalks. This experiment indicates that porous concrete pavers (99.86%) and concrete pavers (99.59%) present mean infiltration similar to that of grass cover (100%) and thereby can promote water infiltration into soil and the recovery of catchment basins in urban areas.

scholarly journals ArcDrain: A GIS Add-In for Automated Determination of Surface Runoff in Urban Catchments

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8802
Author(s):  
Cristina Manchado ◽  
Alejandro Roldán-Valcarce ◽  
Daniel Jato-Espino ◽  
Ignacio Andrés-Doménech
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Automated Determination

Surface runoff determination in urban areas is crucial to facilitate ex ante water planning, especially in the context of climate and land cover changes, which are increasing the frequency of floods, due to a combination of violent storms and increased imperviousness. To this end, the spatial identification of urban areas prone to runoff accumulation is essential, to guarantee effective water management in the future. Under these premises, this work sought to produce a tool for automated determination of urban surface runoff using a geographic information systems (GIS). This tool, which was designed as an ArcGIS add-in called ArcDrain, consists of the discretization of urban areas into subcatchments and the subsequent application of the rational method for runoff depth estimation. The formulation of this method directly depends on land cover type and soil permeability, thereby enabling the identification of areas with a low infiltration capacity. ArcDrain was tested using the city of Santander (northern Spain) as a case study. The results achieved demonstrated the accuracy of the tool for detecting high runoff rates and how the inclusion of mitigation measures in the form of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) and green infrastructure (GI) can help reduce flood hazards in critical zones.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of the infiltration in a permeable pavement on the field scale

RBRH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Neves Marinho ◽  
Artur Paiva Coutinho ◽  
Severino Martins dos Santos Neto ◽  
Cézar Augusto Casagrande ◽  
Guilherme Teotônio Leite Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Infiltration Tests ◽  
Real Scale

ABSTRACT Permeable pavement (PP) is an alternative for the management of urban rainwater that allows the reduction of effective precipitation through the infiltration process. In this study was evaluated the infiltration capacity of a PP of hollow concrete blocks in a parking lot of the Federal University of Pernambuco. The hydraulic characterization and the infiltration capacity were analyzed in real scale, using a simple ring infiltrometer of 100 cm in diameter through the Beerkan method. Infiltration tests were carried out at twelve points of the PP. The BEST algorithm was applied in it Best-Intercept and Best-Slope version, to estimate the hydraulic parameters of the van Genutchen and Brooks and Corey equations for the retention and hydraulic conductivity of the PP surface. The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity determined by the BEST Intercept method were higher than those obtained by BEST Slope. The sorptivity values estimated by BEST Slope and Intercept were similar, with BEST Slope values slightly higher. Moderate infiltration variability was observed on the PP surface, as well as within the same type of texture. The Beerkan method proved to be adaptable to measure, in field scale, the three-dimensional infiltration in the PP covering layer.

scholarly journals iBikeSafe: A Multi-Parameter System for Monitoring, Evaluation and Visualization of Cycling Paths in Smart Cities Targeted at Cycling Adverse Conditions

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1058-1086
Author(s):  
Franklin Oliveira ◽  
Daniel G. Costa ◽  
Luciana Lima ◽  
Ivanovitch Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Large City ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Parameter System ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Real Scenario

The fast transformation of the urban centers, pushed by the impacts of climatic changes and the dramatic events of the COVID-19 Pandemic, will profoundly influence our daily mobility. This resulted scenario is expected to favor adopting cleaner and flexible modal solutions centered on bicycles and scooters, especially as last-mile options. However, as the use of bicycles has rapidly increased, cyclists have been subject to adverse conditions that may affect their health and safety when cycling in urban areas. Therefore, whereas cities should implement mechanisms to monitor and evaluate adverse conditions in cycling paths, cyclists should have some effective mechanism to visualize the indirect quality of cycling paths, eventually supporting choosing more appropriate routes. Therefore, this article proposes a comprehensive multi-parameter system based on multiple independent subsystems, covering all phases of data collecting, formatting, transmission, and processing related to the monitoring, evaluating, and visualizing the quality of cycling paths in the perspective of adverse conditions that affect cyclist. The formal interactions of all modules are carefully described, as well as implementation and deployment details. Additionally, a case study is considered for a large city in Brazil, demonstrating how the proposed system can be adopted in a real scenario.

scholarly journals Estimating surface runoff and groundwater recharge in an urban catchment using a water balance approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2411-2428
Author(s):  
Robin K. Weatherl ◽  
Maria J. Henao Salgado ◽  
Maximilian Ramgraber ◽  
Christian Moeck ◽  
Mario Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Balance Approach

AbstractLand-use changes often have significant impact on the water cycle, including changing groundwater/surface-water interactions, modifying groundwater recharge zones, and increasing risk of contamination. Surface runoff in particular is significantly impacted by land cover. As surface runoff can act as a carrier for contaminants found at the surface, it is important to characterize runoff dynamics in anthropogenic environments. In this study, the relationship between surface runoff and groundwater recharge in urban areas is explored using a top-down water balance approach. Two empirical models were used to estimate runoff: (1) an updated, advanced method based on curve number, followed by (2) bivariate hydrograph separation. Modifications were added to each method in an attempt to better capture continuous soil-moisture processes and explicitly account for runoff from impervious surfaces. Differences between the resulting runoff estimates shed light on the complexity of the rainfall–runoff relationship, and highlight the importance of understanding soil-moisture dynamics and their control on hydro(geo)logical responses. These results were then used as input in a water balance to calculate groundwater recharge. Two approaches were used to assess the accuracy of these groundwater balance estimates: (1) comparison to calculations of groundwater recharge using the calibrated conceptual HBV Light model, and (2) comparison to groundwater recharge estimates from physically similar catchments in Switzerland that are found in the literature. In all cases, recharge is estimated at approximately 40–45% of annual precipitation. These conditions were found to closely echo those results from Swiss catchments of similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of land use/land cover change on surface runoff in urban areas of Beijing, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 084596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongchang Sun ◽  
Xinwu Li ◽  
Wenxue Fu ◽  
Yingkui Li ◽  
Dongsheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Beijing China

FACTORS AFFECTING URBAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE, VIET NAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233
Author(s):  
Vu Bach Diep ◽  
Dinh Hong Linh ◽  
Bui Thi Minh Hang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Agriculture Development

The process of urbanization is taking place fast and vigorously in large urban and peri-urban areas in Vietnam. According to national forecasts, the rate of urbanization nationwide will reach 39.3% by 2020 and 50-55% by 2035. Thai Nguyen is a province in the midland and mountainous region. The province is located at the northern gateway and bordered with Hanoi capital. In recent years, the agricultural land area of Thai Nguyen province has narrowed due to the urban-industrial development. Urban agriculture development is an inevitable direction, creating safe and high quality food products, protecting the ecological environment, and increasing people's income. Thai Nguyen is one of the provinces promoting sustainable urban agricultural development. Secondary and primary data sources are analyzed and synthesized by descriptive statistical methods. The article will analyze five groups of factors affecting urban agricultural development in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2015-2018, including Socio-economic; Natural conditions and infrastructure; Policy factors; Planning factors; Links and integration.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the self-help housing scheme in Botswana, case of Gaborone city

Spatium ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horatio Ikgopoleng ◽  
Branko Cavric
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Botswana like other developing countries faces a problem of acute shortage of housing, particularly for low-income urban families. The current housing problems are the outcomes of the economic, demographic and social changes which the country has experienced since independence in 1966. In particular the urbanization process which surfaced in the early 1980?s. The government has sought to cope with the problem of low-income urban housing by establishing a Self-Help Housing (SHHA) program in the main urban centers. The evaluation findings reveal that, on the whole, the impact of the SHHA approach on the improvement of low-income urban housing has been unsuccessful. The major problems of the scheme are lack of serviced land and inadequate finances for plot development. This has been exacerbated by the high urban development standards which are out of the reach of low-income urban families. The evaluation study also reveals that, there are some indications of non low-income urban households living in SHHA areas. The available evidence reveals that the number of those people in SHHA areas is not as big as has been speculated by most people in the country. However this paper calls for more investigation in this issue and a need for more tight measures to control this illicit practice. The major conclusions are that housing policies in Botswana are not supportive of the general housing conditions in low-income urban areas. Therefore there is a need for urban planners and policy makers of Botswana to take more positive action towards the improvement of low-income urban areas. This would require pragmatic policies geared towards the improvement of those areas. .

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