scholarly journals Potentialities of water charge in the management of Brazilian water resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fernanda Neves Ferreira ◽  
Hebe Morganne Campos Ribeiro ◽  
Vítor Abner Borges Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Water Charges

We investigated the application of economic instruments in the management of Brazilian water resources as mechanisms to stimulate the rational use of water and to recognise its economic value. We analysed water-charge scenarios at the national and international levels as a methodology to provide an economic estimate of environmental services related to water resources. Through bibliographical and documentary research, we identified the economic instruments applied to Brazilian water-resource management, describing the methodologies and values used Brazilian water charges and in some member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. We identified how economic valuation methods of environmental resources could contribute to the improvement of water charges, considering the environmental services offered by a healthy river basin. In the Brazilian and the international scenarios, water charge methodologies include the volumetry of abstracted or consumed water, associating some elements that indicate the pollution level. The prices per cubic meter of water are still very low in all the scenarios. Environmental valuation techniques can be an essential tool for rethinking the methodologies and costs applied in water charges, increasing the potential of water’s rational use through economic instruments.

scholarly journals Women, Water & Well-Being: A Case Study of ‘Kuttadampadam’ in Palakkad, Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
V Shinju ◽  
Aswathi Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Role Of Women

The natural resources are repository for the survival of all of us, so they must be used efficiently to meet the present needs while conserving them for future generations. An action to develop capacities from global to household levels for their sustainable management and regulation is required henceforth. Of these natural resources, water resources are most precious. If there is no water; there would be no life on earth. Since ‘water is the elixir of life’, water resource management has been considered as one of the most relevant areas of intervention. Understanding the gender dimensions of water resource management is a starting point for reversing the degradation of water resources. Women play an important role here since they have to access the water resources for almost all the activities on a daily basis. As the women are the strong social agents, effective and improved water preservation techniques could be achieved through their empowerment that may eventually lead to the well-being of the households in particular and of the community in general. Therefore, the major research question posed in this study is to analyze the role of women in the preservation and management of water, an inevitable, precious but diminishing natural resource. The study also intends to describe the relationship between the three ‘W's-Women, Water & Well-being. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are essential here as it is a contingent issue in the present scenario. Psychological dimensions were also explored since the issue is affecting the routine life of the community. The case study of women belonging to the Kuttadampadam region was done to explain the role of women in preserving water resources in the areas affecting severe water scarcity.

scholarly journals Online Command Area Water Resource Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
P. Pallavi ◽  
Shaik Salam
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Server Side

Water is an important, but often ignored element in sustainable development by now it has been clear that urgent action is needed to avoid global water crisis. Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Successful management of water resources requires accurate knowledge of their resource distribution to meet up the competing demands and mechanisms to make good decisions using advanced recent technologies.Towards evolving comprehensive management plan in suitable conservation and utilization of water resources space technology plays a crucial role in managing country’s available water resources. Systematic approaches involving judicious combination of conventional server side scripting programming and remote sensing techniques pave way for achieving optimum planning and operational of water resources projects.   new methodologies and 24/7 accessible system need to be built, these by reducing the dependency on complex infrastructure an specialist domain Open source web GIS systems have proven their rich in application of server side scripting and easy to use client application tools. Present study and implementation aims to provide wizard based or easily driven tools online for command area management practices. In this large endeavour modules for handling remote sensing data, online raster processing, statistics and indices generation will be developed.

scholarly journals Os limites políticos de uma reforma incompleta: a implementação da lei dos recursos hídricos na Bacia do Paraíba do Sul

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio A. R. Ioris
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Paraíba Do Sul River

Na última década, o uso e a conservação dos recursos hídricos no Brasil têm sido objeto de um amplo processo de reformas e reorganização institucional. A experiência da BaciaHidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul foi selecionada como um exemplo paradigmático das reformas institucionais em andamento no país. Fazendo uso de métodos qualitativos de pesquisa, foram analisados os objetivos e as deficiências da nova decisória. O estudo identificou, como limitante fundamental, a afirmação de uma racionalidade tecnoburocrática, empregada tanto na avaliação de problemas, quanto na formulação de respostas. A expressão mais evidente é a importância estratégica atribuída à cobrança pelo uso da água, uma ferramenta de gestão altamente controvertida e que tem levado a uma polarização de posições políticas. Em larga medida, as reformas institucionais no Paraíba do Sul têm sido limitadas em si mesmas, uma vez que a nova estrutura ainda impede a incorporação das demandas da maioria da população local e a resolução efetiva de questões ambientais historicamente estabelecidas.Palavras-chave: hidropolítica; Ecologia Política; gestão integrada de recursos hídricos; cobrança pelo uso da água; instrumentos econômicos; Paraíba do Sul. Abstract: In the last decade, the use and conservation of water resources in Brazil have been the object of an ample process of reforms and institutional reorganization. The experience of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin was selected as a paradigmatic example of the institutional reforms ongoing in the country. Through qualitative research methods, the aims and the deficiencies of the new decision-making structure were analyzed. The study identified, as the crucial shortcoming, the affirmation of a technobureaucratic rationality, which is applied both to the assessment of problems and the formulation of responses. The most evident expression is the strategic relevance attributed to water use charges, a highly controversial management instrument that is leading to a polarization of political positions. The reforms in the Paraíba do Sul have been largely limited in themselves, given that the new institutional structure still prevents the incorporation of the demands of the majority of the local population and the proper solution to environmental questions historically established.Keywords: hydropolitics; Political Ecology; integrated water resources management; water charges; economic instruments; Paraíba do Sul.

scholarly journals An evaluation model of water-saving reconstruction projects based on resource value flows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runwen Jiang ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Lingchu Zhao ◽  
Zhifang Zhou ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Resource Flows

AbstractDue to uncertainties in water supply, there is growing demand for water resource management in enterprises. In this study, we evaluated the effects of companies’ water-saving reconstruction projects. We used Hina Advanced Materials Company as a case to construct an investment decision model to (1) calculate the internal and external costs of water resources based on circular economic value analysis theory, and (2) locate the level of water resources circulation. We adopted gray situation decision analysis to identify the typical problems that occur in water resource utilization. Moreover, we demonstrated optimization plans for different potential improvements, thereby providing guidance and references for water resource cost management and the comprehensive optimization of environmental benefits. We concluded that the circulation economic value analysis model can effectively display the flow and amount of value derived from water resource flows, thereby providing guidance and suggestions for optimizing water resource flows.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Blue and Green Water: A Case Study of the Upper Ganjiang River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2661
Author(s):  
Yongfen Zhang ◽  
Chongjun Tang ◽  
Aizhong Ye ◽  
Taihui Zheng ◽  
Xiaofei Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Precipitation Changes ◽  
Ganjiang River Basin

Quantitatively figuring out the effects of climate and land-use change on water resources and their components is essential for water resource management. This study investigates the effects of climate and land-use change on blue and green water and their components in the upper Ganjiang River basin from the 1980s to the 2010s by comparing the simulated changes in blue and green water resources by using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model forced by five climate and land-use scenarios. The results suggest that the blue water flow (BWF) decreased by 86.03 mm year−1, while green water flow (GWF) and green water storage (GWS) increased by 8.61 mm year−1 and 12.51 mm year−1, respectively. The spatial distribution of blue and green water was impacted by climate, wind direction, topography, and elevation. Climate change was the main factor affecting blue and green water resources in the basin; land-use change had strong effects only locally. Precipitation changes significantly amplified the BWF changes. The proportion of surface runoff in BWF was positively correlated with precipitation changes; lateral flow showed the opposite tendency. Higher temperatures resulted in increased GWF and decreased BWF, both of which were most sensitive to temperature increases up to 1 °C. All agricultural land and forestland conversion scenarios resulted in decreased BWF and increased GWF in the watershed. GWS was less affected by climate and land-use change than GWF and BWF, and the trends in GWS were not significant. The study provides a reference for blue and green water resource management in humid areas.

Examining ‘willingness to participate’ in community-based water resource management in a transboundary conservation area in Central America

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti S. Jennewein ◽  
Kelly W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Transboundary Conservation ◽  
Access To Water

Operationalizing integrated water resource management (IWRM) often involves decentralization of water management via community-based management (CBM). While attention has been given to the components leading to successful CBM, less is known about what factors motivate people's willingness to participate (WTP) in such programs. This study analyzed factors that influence household WTP in CBM in a transboundary watershed located where El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras converge – the Trifinio Region. Several variables were hypothesized to influence WTP: sense of community (SOC), dependence on water resources, level of concern for water resources, and socio-economic characteristics. In 2014, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 62 households in five communities. Most respondents reported high levels of WTP in future CBM initiatives, and multivariate regression analysis revealed that SOC was the most important predictor of WTP, with wealth and perceptions of watershed management also statistically significant. Qualitative analyses revealed water availability was more concerning than water quality, and perceptions of inequitable access to water is an important constraint to developing CBM strategies. Taken together, these results suggest that enhancing SOC and relationships between local and regional levels of governance prior to establishing community-based projects would facilitate more success in implementing IWRM.

scholarly journals Smart Water Technology for Efficient Water Resource Management: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6268
Author(s):  
Aditya Dinesh Gupta ◽  
Prerna Pandey ◽  
Andrés Feijóo ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen ◽  
Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Smart Water

According to the United Nation’s World Water Development Report, by 2050 more than 50% of the world’s population will be under high water scarcity. To avoid water stress, water resources are needed to be managed more securely. Smart water technology (SWT) has evolved for proper management and saving of water resources. Smart water system (SWS) uses sensor, information, and communication technology (ICT) to provide real-time monitoring of data such as pressure, water ow, water quality, moisture, etc. with the capability to detect any abnormalities such as non-revenue water (NRW) losses, water contamination in the water distribution system (WDS). It makes water and energy utilization more efficient in the water treatment plant and agriculture. In addition, the standardization of data format i.e., use of Water Mark UP language 2.0 has made data exchange easier for between different water authorities. This review research exhibits the current state-of-the-art of the on-going SWT along with present challenges and future scope on the mentioned technologies. A conclusion is drawn that smart technologies can lead to better water resource management, which can lead to the reduction of water scarcity worldwide. High implementation cost may act as a barrier to the implementation of SWT in developing countries, whereas data security and its reliability along with system ability to give accurate results are some of the key challenges in its field implementation.

Effects of Interactions Between Society and Environment on Policy in Water Resources Management: Exploring Scenarios of Natural and Human-Induced Shocks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Borzì ◽  
Murugesu Sivapalan ◽  
Brunella Bonaccorso ◽  
Alberto Viglione
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management

<p>In many regions of the world, water supply is threatened by natural hazards such as floods and droughts, as well as by shocks induced by anthropogenic changes to water use. Lack of anticipation and/or preparation for these events can lead to delayed or insufficient responses to sudden or developing water crises, that sometimes can produce irrecoverable damage to the environment. In this work, a socio-hydrological approach to sustainable water resources management of the Alcantara River Basin in Sicily (Italy) is adopted that explicitly takes into account feedbacks between the natural and the human components that might arise from shocks to the water management system, including possible evolution of policy responses. The Alcantara River Basin is a groundwater-fed catchment which supplies many villages on the Ionian coast up to Messina city, mainly through the Alcantara aqueduct, but also agricultural areas and industries, including hydropower plants. It also hosts the Alcantara Fluvial Park, an important natural reserve. The Alcantara aqueduct also supplied the city of Messina during a temporary failure of its main aqueduct caused by a landslide in October 2015. The main purpose of the work is to use the socio-hydrological model as a “screening tool” to frame water resource management issues in a broad way and provide guidance to the community to identify aspects of societal behavior that need to evolve towards sustainable water resource management in order to withstand future shocks. This has been done by scenario simulations in conditions of a natural shock affecting the system (i.e. drought) and of a human-induced one (i.e. increase in groundwater extraction). Sensitivity analysis of the model social parameters revealed how the value attributed by the society to the environment and water resources use, its capacity to remember previous water crises and, in particular, its previous responses to shocks, can affect the system in a way that can produce paradoxical effects. Results show how a rapid decision-making strategy that may work in the short term, can be counter-productive when viewed over the long term and how a do-nothing decision during a water crisis could be highly damaging to the environment. For the above-mentioned reasons, this socio-hydrological approach can be considered as a useful tool to understand human-water dynamics and to support decision-makers in water resource management policies with a broad and long-term perspective.</p>

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of elitist-mutated multi-objective particle swarm optimization for integrated water resources management

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Janga Reddy ◽  
D. Nagesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Pareto Optimal ◽  
Pareto Optimal Solutions ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective

Optimal allocation of water resources for various stakeholders often involves considerable complexity with several conflicting goals, which often leads to multi-objective optimization. In aid of effective decision-making to the water managers, apart from developing effective multi-objective mathematical models, there is a greater necessity of providing efficient Pareto optimal solutions to the real world problems. This study proposes a swarm-intelligence-based multi-objective technique, namely the elitist-mutated multi-objective particle swarm optimization technique (EM-MOPSO), for arriving at efficient Pareto optimal solutions to the multi-objective water resource management problems. The EM-MOPSO technique is applied to a case study of the multi-objective reservoir operation problem. The model performance is evaluated by comparing with results of a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) model, and it is found that the EM-MOPSO method results in better performance. The developed method can be used as an effective aid for multi-objective decision-making in integrated water resource management.

A GIS and Web-Based Decision Support System for Regional Water Resource Management and Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 1301-1304
Author(s):  
Wen Ming Zhang ◽  
Zheng Shen ◽  
Wen Jun Pan ◽  
Rong Hui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Support System ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Regional Water Resource ◽  
Regional Water

This paper presents a prototype of GIS (Geographic Information System) and web-based decision support system (GWDSS) for regional water resource management and planning, which is a conjunctive application of GIS, Web and DSS technologies. The components involved and implementation of GWDSS are analyzed. The scenario analysis approach and embedded GIS functions are explained. Through the application of GWDSS in the case study region, GWDSS enables managers and decision makers to improve the regional strategic management and planning of water resources,and optimizes the use of water to satisfy the demands of competing stakeholders and protecting water resources.

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