scholarly journals Differences among Branded Hyaluronic Acids in Italy, Part 1: Data from In Vitro and Animal Studies and Instructions for Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S38857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Migliore ◽  
E. Bizzi ◽  
O. De Lucia ◽  
A. Delle Sedie ◽  
M. Bentivegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Instructions For Use

Background The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) for intra-articular (IA) injection is widespread around the world for patients affected by osteoarthritis. AIM The aim of this study is to identify scientific evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the use of IA HAs marketed in Italy We also evaluated the accuracy of indications and contraindications reported in the leaflets of such HAs compared with the available scientific evidence. Materials and Methods An extensive literature search was performed to identify all in vitro and in vivo model studies reporting on the effects of various HAs marketed in Italy for IA use. Data reported in the leaflets of different HA-based products for IA use were extracted and analyzed alongside evidence from in vitro and in vivo model studies. Results Nine in vitro studies and 11 studies on animal models were examined. Comparing results with what is reported in the leaflets of HAs marketed in Italy, it was observed that many branded formulations are introduced in the market without any reporting of basic scientific evidence. Only 12.82% and 17.95% of branded products had been shown to be effective with scientific evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. The rationale of use of these products is based on their nature, as if a class effect existed such that all HAs would yield similar effects. Conclusions Data on HAs deriving from in vitro and in vivo studies are scarce and relate to only a small percentage of products marketed in Italy. Many indications and contraindications are arbitrarily reported in Italian HA leaflets without the support of scientific evidence. Larger and brand-specific studies are necessary and should be reported in the leaflets to guide clinicians in making an appropriate choice regarding HA-based IA therapy.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winifred Broekman ◽  
Padmini P S J Khedoe ◽  
Koen Schepers ◽  
Helene Roelofs ◽  
Jan Stolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Model Studies

COPD is characterised by tissue destruction and inflammation. Given the lack of curative treatments and the progressive nature of the disease, new treatments for COPD are highly relevant. In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. These properties of MSCs provided a rationale to investigate their potential for treatment of a variety of diseases, including COPD. Preclinical models support the hypothesis that MSCs may have clinical efficacy in COPD. However, although clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of MSC treatment, thus far they have not provided evidence for MSC efficacy in the treatment of COPD. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research.

scholarly journals A Review of the Role of Neurotensin and Its Receptors in Colorectal Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyang Qiu ◽  
Gianluca Pellino ◽  
Francesca Fiorentino ◽  
Shahnawaz Rasheed ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Cellular Receptors

Neurotensin (NTS) is a physiologically occurring hormone which affects the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, NTS, acting through its cellular receptors (NTSR), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant body of evidence, from in vitro and in vivo studies, is available which elucidates the molecular biology of NTS/NTSR signalling and the resultant growth of CRC cells. There is growing clinical data from human studies which corroborate the role NTS/NTSR plays in the development of human CRC. Furthermore, blockade and modulation of the NTS/NTSR signalling pathways appears to reduce CRC growth in cell cultures and animal studies. Lastly, NTS/NTSR also shows potential of being utilised as a diagnostic biomarker for cancers as well as targets for functional imaging. We summarise the existing evidence and understanding of the role of NTS and its receptors in CRC.

scholarly journals In Vivo Efficacy of Anidulafungin and Caspofungin against Candida glabrata and Association with In Vitro Potency in the Presence of Sera

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1616-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Wiederhold ◽  
Laura K. Najvar ◽  
Rosie Bocanegra ◽  
Destiny Molina ◽  
Marcos Olivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Fungal Burden

ABSTRACT In vitro studies have demonstrated that anidulafungin has greater potency than caspofungin against Candida glabrata. However, data from in vivo studies demonstrating that it has superior efficacy are lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the activities of anidulafungin and caspofungin against C. glabrata in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Two clinical C. glabrata isolates were used, including one with reduced caspofungin susceptibility. MICs were determined by broth microdilution in the presence and absence of sera. For the animal studies, mice were immunosuppressed with 5-fluorouracil one day prior to intravenous inoculation. Treatment with anidulafungin and caspofungin (0, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight per day) was begun 24 h later and was continued through day 7 postinoculation. The CFU were enumerated from kidney tissue. According to the standard microdilution methodology, anidulafungin had superior in vitro activity. However, this enhanced potency was attenuated by the addition of mouse and human sera. Caspofungin reduced the kidney fungal burden at lower doses compared to that achieved with anidulafungin in mice infected with the isolate with the lower MIC. Against the strain with the elevated caspofungin MIC, both anidulafungin and caspofungin were effective in reducing the kidney fungal burden at the higher doses studied. Despite the greater in vitro activity of anidulafungin in the absence of sera, both echinocandins were similarly effective in reducing the fungal burden in kidney tissue. The superior in vitro activity of anidulafungin did not confer enhanced in vivo efficacy against C. glabrata.

scholarly journals ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE IMAGING WITH DMSO-MEDIATED OPTICAL CLEARING

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJEEV KARMA ◽  
JAMES HOMAN ◽  
CHARLES STOIANOVICI ◽  
BERNARD CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Optical Clearing ◽  
Treated Site

Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering properties. Investigators from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an agent with optical clearing potential. We address the use of optical clearing to enhance quantitation of subsurface fluorescence emission. We employed both in vitro and in vivo model systems to study the effect of topical DMSO application on fluorescence emission. Our in vitro experiments performed on a tissue-simulating phantom suggest that DMSO-mediated optical clearing enables enhanced characterization of subsurface fluorophores. With topical DMSO application, a marked increase in fluorescence emission was observed. After 30 min, the fluorescence signal at the DMSO-treated site was 9× greater than the contralateral saline-treated site. This ratio increased to 13× at 105 min after agent application. In summary, DMSO is an effective optical clearing agent for improved fluorescence emission quantitation and warrants further study in preclinical in vivo studies. Based on outcomes from previous clinical studies on the toxicity profile of DMSO, we postulate that clinical application of DMSO as an optical clearing agent, can be performed safely, although further study is warranted.

scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Adherence Studies of Selected Commercial Probiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2085-2091
Author(s):  
Kolli Guna Ranjan ◽  
Girija Sankar G. ◽  
D.V.V. Satyanarayana Raju
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

There is increasing scientific evidence and commercial interest for using probiotics for eliminating and handling of specific diseases. Probiotics can be evaluated for its role and performance against isolated pathogens from contaminating sources. The present work reports on invitro antimicrobial activity of commercial selected probiotics against pathogenic microbe Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The work also describes cytotoxic activities using MTT assay and adherence studies of selected probiotics. Results for the studies showed maximum zone of inhibition 13.66±0.46mm in probiotic enteroplus,12.33±0.93mm in lactobacillus (NCIM2056) and 10.66±0.93mm in Avant Bact. Cytotoxicity was expressed as IC50(µg/ml) values, observed on CaCO cell lines for different probiotics. Avant Bact showed a IC50 value of 104.7745, Lactobacillus (NCIM2056) a value of 58.13223 and Enteroplus a value of 50.09716. These values expressed different safety aspects of probiotics used for study. Finally the adherence study was done to check probiotic colonizing capacity. The probiotics showed varied adherence capacity against caco cell lines. Enteroplus has % adhesion of 10.25±0.74, Avant Bact. 7.25±0.82 and Lactobacillus (NCIM2056) 7.5±1.12. In conclusion antimicrobial results show importance of probiotics to be used against specific gastro intestinal diseases. Cytotoxicity determines safety aspects of probiotics and adherence study determines probiotic as a promising candidate for in vivo studies.

Role of Probiotics in Enteric Disease Management And Their Antivirulence Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnain Farooq ◽  
Kaleem Ullah ◽  
Zunair Akmal ◽  
Amir Hussain Shahzad ◽  
Affifa Tajamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Probiotic Activity

Probiotics have been the core area of study since last few decades due to their immense beneficial effects on human health. They are widely incorporated as a verity of products in food industry. Prebiotics are the commonly used fibers and when used in combination with probiotics are called as synbiotics, thus enhancing the probiotic activity. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the application of these microbiota management tool for the prevention and cure of diseases. Diarrhea prevention, atopiceczema, dental care, cancer therapy and treatment of bowel syndrome are the various health benefits provided by probiotic activity. These wonderful microorganisms have the enzymatic activity of breakdowning the food macromolecules, secretion of anti rnicrobial substances, anti-carcinogenicability, enhancing immune system, improved ability in producing short-chain fatty acid, anti atherogenicability, allergen regulation, anti-virulence activity, treatment of urinary tract infections and many more. In the light of this remarkable ongoing trend and the scientific evidence obtained on these microbiota, it is the need of hour to do further research on dose and optimal probiotic for specific diseases. This narrative review present the current documentation on enteric disease management stratagies and antivirulence studies focusing on quantum sensing inhibition, anti-toxin effects and anti-invasion effects.

In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Poly-L-Lysine as Inducer of Friend Leukemic Cells Differentiation

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
Rosanna Supino ◽  
Nadia Gibelli ◽  
Rosanna Nano ◽  
Gabriella Pezzoni ◽  
Franco Zunino
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Multiple Treatment

Poly-L-lysine, a synthetic cationic polypeptide known for its ability to bind to cell membranes, was found to induce differentiation of Friend leukemia cells « in vitro ». Studies were extended to the same « in vivo » model, in order to examine the therapeutic potential of this new differentiating agent. The i.p. administration of the polymer (Mw 2700) at the maximal tolerated dose resulted in major alterations of disease-related parameters. In particular, a multiple treatment schedule on the advanced disease resulted in a successful reduction of target organ weight and peripheral white blood cell count and appreciable differentiation of spleen and bone marrow cells. Apparently, the effects of poly-L-lysine were superior to those produced by N-methyl-acetamide, a potent inducer of differentiation « in vitro ».

scholarly journals Plectasin Shows Intracellular Activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Human THP-1 Monocytes and in a Mouse Peritonitis Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 4801-4808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Sidelmann Brinch ◽  
Anne Sandberg ◽  
Pierre Baudoux ◽  
Françoise Van Bambeke ◽  
Paul M. Tulkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Intracellular Activity ◽  
Peritonitis Model

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial therapy of infections with Staphylococcus aureus can pose a challenge due to slow response to therapy and recurrence of infection. These treatment difficulties can partly be explained by intracellular survival of staphylococci, which is why the intracellular activity of antistaphylococcal compounds has received increased attention within recent years. The intracellular activity of plectasin, an antimicrobial peptide, against S. aureus was determined both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies using THP-1 monocytes showed that some intracellular antibacterial activity of plectasin was maintained (maximal relative efficacy [E max], 1.0- to 1.3-log reduction in CFU) even though efficacy was inferior to that of extracellular killing (E max, >4.5-log CFU reduction). Animal studies included a novel use of the mouse peritonitis model, exploiting extra- and intracellular differentiation assays, and assessment of the correlations between activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. The intracellular activity of plectasin was in accordance with the in vitro studies, with an E max of a 1.1-log CFU reduction. The parameter most important for activity was fC peak/MIC, where fC peak is the free peak concentration. These findings stress the importance of performing studies of extra- and intracellular activity since these features cannot be predicted from traditional MIC and killing kinetic studies. Application of both the THP-1 and the mouse peritonitis models showed that the in vitro results were similar to findings in the in vivo model with respect to demonstration of intracellular activity. Therefore the in vitro model was a good screening model for intracellular activity. However, animal models should be applied if further information on activity, PK/pharmacodynamic parameters, and optimal dosing regimens is required.

scholarly journals Natural Treatments for Fissure in Ano Used by Traditional Persian Scholars, Razi (Rhazes) and Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Derakhshan
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fissure ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Fissure In Ano ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Almost All

Most cases of chronic fissure do not respond to medical treatment. Razi and Ibn Sina were 2 of the best-known scientists of ancient Persia. The purpose of this study was to find out new scientific evidence in modern medicine about their recommendations, in order to find certain clues to conduct useful researches in the future. First, treatments of anal fissure mentioned by Razi and Ibn Sina were reviewed. Then, literature search was made in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Management of anal fissure according to Razi’s and Ibn Sina’s practices is done based on 3 interventions: lifestyle modifications, drug treatments, and manual procedures. Almost all remedies suggested by Razi and Ibn Sina have shown their effects on fissure in ano via several mechanisms of action in many in vitro and in vivo studies; Still there is lack of human studies on the subject.

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